The Journal of Administrative Science (JAS) (e-ISSN: 2600-9374) is an international, peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal published by UiTM Press on behalf of the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia. JAS publishes original research that contributes to the advancement of administrative science and related disciplines within the humanities and social sciences. The journal welcomes rigorous theoretical, empirical and interdisciplinary studies that enhance understanding of contemporary administrative, policy, governance and societal issues. JAS is indexed in MyCite and its published articles are discoverable through Google Scholar. Important Notice The Journal of Administrative Science (JAS) has migrated to the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Journal Hosting System. All new manuscript submissions and revised submissions should be submitted through this website, which serves as the journal’s official submission platform. Articles published in April 2024 and earlier remain accessible through the previous JAS platform. To access and download these articles, please click HERE.
Framing the Seriousness of Drug Smuggling in Sabah: Enforcement Paradoxes, Borderland Economics, and Regional Drug Flows in Malaysia
Drug smuggling in Sabah has become a persistent and structurally embedded challenge that extends beyond routine border crime and conventional enforcement evaluation. Building on Malaysia’s longer historical drug trajectory and Sabah’s position within a maritime borderland connecting Malaysia, Indonesia, and the southern Philippines, this study argues that the seriousness of the issue cannot be measured through seizures and arrests alone but must be understood through a multi-lens framing that captures enforcement, societal, and systemic dimensions. Drawing on a social constructivist approach and qualitative methods, the study employs in-depth semi-structured interviews with operational enforcement officers and strategic-level key persons from multiple agencies, supported by document and field-based contextual analysis. Findings indicate that the seriousness of drug smuggling is shaped by four interrelated indicators: (1) persistent inflow despite continuous enforcement, (2) multi-route operations reflecting organised supply resilience, (3) escalating scale and value of seizures, interpreted as evidence of sustained volume rather than control, and (4) Sabah’s structural role as an entry and transit gateway with national spillover risks. The discussion highlights an enforcement paradox in which visible operational outputs may coexist with enduring system-level vulnerability. The study concludes that effective responses require reframing how seriousness is understood through flow-based and system-level indicators, supported by integrated governance, intelligence-led coordination, adaptive legal and technological capacity, and strengthened regional cooperation to disrupt transnational supply chains and reduce long-term harm.
Copyright (c) 2026 Amanda Balqis Mohd Mazalan, Yarina Ahmad, Siti Zulaikha Mustapha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Entrepreneurial Pulse: Measuring Mindset in Organizations
This paper investigates the entrepreneurial mindset among employees in Malaysia’s public and private sectors. Grounded in Human Capital Theory, the study examines how knowledge, networking, risk tolerance, and sense of purpose contribute to fostering an entrepreneurial mindset in organizations. Using a quantitative approach with stratified sampling, data were analyzed through regression analysis to determine significant factors among employees in two states in Peninsular Malaysia. Findings reveal that all four variables are influential, with risk tolerance being the strongest predictor. These results provide insights into how organizations can cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset, aligning with Malaysia's national innovation strategies and UiTM’s mission to produce resilient, entrepreneurial graduates.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rabiatul Mahirah Roslan, Nurulaina Zulkifli, Nur Zafifa Kamarunzaman, Mita Rosaliza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Historical Analysis through a Lefebvrian Perspective: The Spatial Production of Malaysia’s Trade Union Movement
The historical trajectory of trade unionism in Malaysia indicates a long-standing struggle in which state power and capital accumulation systematically generates spatial arrangements to disaggregate worker solidarity which has been largely disregarded in the traditional institutionalist analyses. In order to fill this theoretical gap, the current article discusses the development of the Malaysian worker movement by using the theory of the production of space proposed by Henri Lefebvre, with an emphasis on the application of the conceptual triad of conceived, perceived, and lived space. Using a qualitative historical institutional analysis informed by documentary and archival materials, the paper finds important spatial path dependencies at important historical intersections. Results indicate that since the colonial strategies of divide and rule and the New Villages of the Briggs Plan, states and capitalism, since the New Economic Policy and the modern-day restructuring of neoliberalism, have remained busy using conceived spaces to subject labour to discipline. On the other hand, laborers have continued to create other lived spaces of resistance, such as plantation societies and factory strikes to online communities. The paper reveals that spatial dynamics are crucial to modern trade union renewal and proposes the idea that unions need to navigate the conditions of precarious work by using new legislative possibilities to navigate physical and virtual landscapes of struggle.
Copyright (c) 2026 Shamsul Azri Mohd Radzi, Noor Hanis Zainol Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Marine Conservation Area in Sabah: The Role of World-Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Sustaining the Marine Resources of Tun Mustapha Park (TMP)
Tun Mustapha Park (TMP) is located off the coast of Sabah, Malaysia, and it is a crucial marine protected area known for its abundant biodiversity and ecological significance. TMP was founded in 2016 with the goal of striking a balance between conservation and sustainable resource usage, tackling issues like habitat deterioration, overfishing, and climate change. This qualitative study used document analysis as its main method in a case study design. Peer-reviewed journal articles, government documents and World Wildlife Fund (WWF) reports were among the data sources. The data was analysed using thematic analysis to examine WWF's tactics, which include multi-stakeholder cooperation, habitat restoration, and community empowerment. This study also employs the Three Basic Pillars Model which are environmental, social, and economic sustainability to analyse how the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) sustains TMP's marine resources. Important conclusions show that WWF has been successful in increasing coral cover by 20.8%, encouraging sustainable livelihoods, and encouraging local stewardship through initiatives like MARRS (Mars Assisted Reef Restoration System). The study emphasizes how the three pillars are interdependent, showing how community involvement guarantees efficient monitoring (which links the environment and society), environmental restoration promotes ecotourism (which links the environment and economy), and financial incentives promote long-term conservation (which links the economy and society). WWF's work in TMP provide a replicable paradigm for marine conservation globally by incorporating these elements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erica Joanne Reuben, Haijon Gunggut, Haidy Henry Dusim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Chasing the Stars: Balancing Global University Rankings and Public Accountability in Malaysia
This study examines the conflict between Malaysia’s ambition to achieve high international university rankings, often seen as "chasing the stars" and the basic duty of public universities to remain accountable to society. Under the influence of market-driven management practices, Malaysian universities increasingly focus on performance metrics, global visibility, and prestige. Using a systematic review of existing literature, this paper examines three interconnected themes: the emergence of world-class universities and global ranking systems, the influence of New Public Management on higher education governance, and the concept of public accountability within universities. Together, these perspectives provide the theoretical foundation for analysing the tensions and challenges associated with Malaysia's pursuit of world-class university status. The findings show that while local evaluation systems like SETARA and MyRA boost research productivity, their heavy focus on measurable numbers harms teaching quality, social inclusion, and public value. By comparing Malaysia's situation with Singapore’s workforce-focused SkillsFuture initiative, this study suggests reforming Malaysian higher education policies. It recommends shifting from purely numbers-driven targets toward a balanced system that measures public and societal value. Ultimately, the study argues that global recognition should not be the final goal; true university excellence must be judged by an institution's ability to build public trust, support student growth, and contribute meaningfully to national development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Syaqirin Mohd Seat, Nur Farhah Aliah Mohamad Khairuz, Nurdina Sofea Ahmad Danial, Jeniwaty Mohd Jody https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Inclusion of Trans Community in Tamil Nadu: A Way to Inclusive Development
Transgender people are individuals of any age or sex whose appearance, personal characteristics or behaviours differ from stereotypes about how men and women are supposed to be. Transgender community has been part of Indian society since ancient times. Despite having a strong historical background, even today, they are excluded from mainstream society and discriminated in all part of their life. As per the 2011 census, the population of Transgender in India is approximately 4.88 lakhs. In 2014, Supreme court of India, legally declared them as ‘third gender’ in the NALSA Judgement. To empower the transgender community, policies and programmes were formulated by both the centre and state government. Tamil Nadu has been a pioneering state in transgender welfare in India, becoming the first to establish a Transgender Welfare Board in 2008. More recently, the state government has introduced a comprehensive transgender policy that outlines a strategic roadmap for the next five years, aiming to ensure inclusion and equality for the transgender community. Despite these progressive steps, transgender individuals in Tamil Nadu continue to face significant challenges, particularly in accessing education, securing legal identity, obtaining stable employment, receiving adequate healthcare, and achieving social acceptance. In this context, this research article reviews the existing literature on the socio-economic issues faced by the transgender community and critically evaluates the effectiveness of state policies and programmes. It also assesses the extent to which these initiatives have contributed to tangible improvements in the lives of transgender persons in Tamil Nadu.
Copyright (c) 2026 R. Venkatesh, K. Vandhana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Digital Banking Services on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from Malaysia
This study examined the impact of digital banking services on customer satisfaction within the Malaysian banking sector. As digital platforms become increasingly integral to financial service delivery, understanding the factors that influence customer satisfaction is essential for banks seeking to enhance customer experience and maintain competitiveness. Drawing upon the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study investigated five key determinants of customer satisfaction: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, brand trust, and digital banking trends. A quantitative research approach was adopted, with data collected from 299 digital banking users in the Klang Valley through a structured bilingual questionnaire. Statistical analyses, including reliability, correlation, and multiple regression analyses, revealed that perceived ease of use, brand trust, and digital banking trends significantly influence customer satisfaction. In contrast, perceived usefulness and perceived risk were not found to have a significant effect. Among the variables examined, perceived ease of use emerged as the most influential determinant of customer satisfaction. The findings provide valuable insights for banking institutions and policymakers seeking to strengthen digital banking services and enhance customer engagement. By identifying the factors that most strongly influence customer satisfaction, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of customer behaviour in digital banking and supports the development of more customer-centric digital strategies within Malaysia’s evolving financial landscape.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aina Furzanie Mat Usop, Memiyanty Abdul Rahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Consumer Intention in Purchasing Through Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
This study investigates the determinants of consumer intention to use Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services in Seremban, Malaysia, through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 respondents aged 20 and above, using structured questionnaires to measure attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intention. The findings reveal that all three TPB constructs significantly influence consumer intention, with perceived behavioural control emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by subjective norms and attitude. Consumers who demonstrate greater financial confidence and understanding of repayment terms are more likely to adopt BNPL services, highlighting the importance of financial empowerment in responsible borrowing. The results also underscore the role of social influence, particularly peer and family expectations, in shaping BNPL adoption decisions. The study contributes to the growing literature on fintech adoption by validating the TPB model in the Malaysian context and offering practical insights for policymakers, educators, and BNPL providers. Recommendations include strengthening financial literacy programs, enhancing consumer protection under the Consumer Credit Act, and designing user-friendly digital tools to promote informed decision-making. These findings provide a foundation for regulatory frameworks and consumer education initiatives to balance fintech innovation with financial sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Aina Syafiqa Zulkifli, Nur Jesmin Kamrul Nizam, Radduan Yusof, Andi Ahmad Yani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Participation in the “No Plastic Bag Day” (NPBD) Campaign among UiTM Seremban 3 Students
Plastic bags remain among the most widely used single-use plastics worldwide, with harmful environmental and health effects because of their non-biodegradable nature and contribution to pollution. Malaysia has launched several initiatives, such as the No Plastic Bag Day (NPBD) campaign, to reduce consumption; however, participation rates remain low despite continued efforts. This study examines the factors that influence student participation in the NPBD campaign at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Seremban 3, focusing on three determinants drawn from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB): environmental knowledge, campaign awareness, and attitude. A total of 230 respondents took part in this survey-based study through stratified sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results show that all three variables significantly and positively influence participation, with awareness emerging as the strongest predictor, followed by environmental knowledge and then attitude. The regression analysis revealed that these factors jointly explained 66.7% of the variance in campaign participation. The findings highlight the important role of awareness campaigns in shaping pro-environmental behavior, while also showing the complementary influence of knowledge and attitude. This study contributes to both theoretical and practical understanding by validating the TPB in a Malaysian higher education setting and offering useful insights to help policymakers, universities, and NGOs design more effective interventions. Strengthening awareness strategies, embedding environmental education, and shaping positive attitudes are essential to develop sustainable practices among youth, thereby supporting Malaysia’s roadmap to reduce single-use plastics and promote long-term environmental responsibility.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Huda Mohamad Zaid, Shazatul Balqis Mohamad Zairi, Mazlan Che Soh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Beyond Laws and Reforms: Cultural-Institutional Foundations of Corruption in Malaysia’s Civil Service
This study examines how cultural norms sustain corruption within Malaysia’s civil service through the lens of New Institutional Theory (NIT). Despite successive legal reforms and anti-corruption initiatives; including the National Integrity Plan (2004), the National Anti-Corruption Plan (2019-2023) and the National Anti-Corruption Strategy (2024-2028), as well as multiple changes of government since 2018, Malaysia’s Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) has shown limited improvement since 2020, indicating that corruption persists beyond administrative and procedural shortcomings. This study argues that corruption in Malaysia’s civil service is deeply embedded in informal institutions and shared social logics that shape how integrity, loyalty and legitimacy are interpreted. Using a qualitative documentary research design, the study analyses academic literature, official policy documents, media reports and publicly available elite discourse related to governance and anti-corruption. Directed content analysis, guided by guided by the regulative, normative and cognitive dimensions of NIT identifies three interrelated cultural dynamics that sustain corruption: collective sentiment prioritising harmony over accountability, hierarchical obedience discouraging ethical dissent, and leadership narratives that symbolically legitimise misconduct. The findings demonstrate that informal institutions frequently override formal rules, limiting the effectiveness of regulatory reforms The study concludes that sustainable anti-corruption reform requires cultural-institutional alignment in which moral beliefs and social expectations reinforce, rather than undermine, formal governance mechanisms.
Copyright (c) 2026 Farhana, Ahmad Faiz Yaakob https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Company Secretaries’ Perspectives on the Implementation and Procedural Aspects of Ultimate Beneficial Ownership Declarations in Malaysian Private Companies
Corporate ownership regulation has become increasingly important in combating financial crimes such as money laundering, tax fraud, and terrorism financing. A central measure in this effort is the requirement for companies to declare their Ultimate Beneficial Owners (UBO). This study examines Malaysian company secretaries’ perceptions of UBO disclosure adoption. A survey of 405 respondents was analyzed using SPSS, revealing that regulation awareness and perceived benefits significantly influence favorable perceptions, while administrative challenges and compliance costs show no significant impact. The findings highlight the need for clear guidelines and efficient procedures to strengthen compliance. However, the study is limited to the Klang Valley region, which may affect generalizability. Future research should expand geographically and incorporate qualitative approaches to provide deeper insights into the practical challenges and policy implications of UBO compliance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Aziah Azmi, Sarina Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Systematic Literature Review of the Determinants of Financial Stress among Urban Civil Service Employees
This systematic literature review examines the determinants of financial stress among urban civil service employees using the PRISMA framework. Ten peer-reviewed articles published between 2018 and 2025 were analysed from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Eligibility was limited to English-language studies focusing on financial stress within urban civil service employment. The review highlights three main determinants: high cost of living, lack of workplace support, and personal debt. The findings provide insights for policymakers, government agencies and support organisations to design strategies that improve financial well-being, job performance and overall quality of life for civil servants.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurin Qistina Damia Hasan, Nor Hafizah Mohamed Harith https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Driving Malaysia’s Digital Transformation: A Policy Analysis of MyDIGITAL, RMK13 and the National 4IR Policy
Malaysia’s digital transformation is critical to achieving its vision of becoming a high-income, technologically advanced nation by 2030. Key frameworks such as the Malaysia Digital Economy Blueprint (MyDIGITAL), the National Fourth Industrial Revolution Policy (National 4IR Policy), the newly launched National AI Action Plan 2026–2030 and the Thirteenth Malaysia Plan (RMK13) provide strategic direction, yet implementation remains constrained by institutional silos, uneven digital readiness and cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This paper examines the role of government agencies in advancing MyDIGITAL within these broader frameworks, focusing on their responsibilities as coordinators, regulators and implementers of digital governance. Drawing on qualitative document analysis of official policy texts, the study explores how agencies translate national strategies into actionable initiatives and address governance challenges. Findings indicate that while MyDIGITAL offers a structured roadmap covering infrastructure, public sector digitalisation, talent development, inclusivity and cybersecurity, its success depends heavily on inter-agency collaboration, capacity building and citizen trust. Furthermore, the study highlights the urgency of meeting global benchmarks, such as targets set within the OECD Digital Government Index and the ITU Global Cybersecurity Index. The article concludes that strengthening governance mechanisms, embedding ethical frameworks and investing in digital talent are crucial to ensuring Malaysia’s digital transformation enhances global competitiveness while delivering equitable and sustainable progress.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fatihah Mohd Zakrey, Mazlan Che Soh, Suhaimi Abd Samad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A study on the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the organizational attractiveness to employment among Gen Z
This research examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and an organization's attractiveness, especially among Gen Z. Nowadays, companies need to understand how their CSR efforts influence the ability to attract young talent as Gen Zor Gen Z is a new wave to join in the job market. Attaining the desired organizational objectives may depend on the capabilities of human resources and recruitment managers so that their employees can endure in a growing industry. In the exposure of technology and information era, an organization's commitment to CSR directly impacts its attractiveness to the newest generation that joins the employment market, leading organizations facing the great challenge of enticing this new wave of talent. The objective of this research is to determine whether CSR dimensions, which include economic, legal, ethics, and philanthropic are significantly influenced the organization's attractiveness. The chosen sampling technique for this study is using stratified random sampling (SRS), and the quantitative method approach is utilised to analyse the data collected. The findings of this research shows that economic dimension has significant positive relationship and as a main factor with organizational attractiveness while the other dimensions appear not significant. The findings of this study highlight the need for policies and inducements that foster meaningful CSR practices among organizations for policy makers. Thus, the implication of this study provides valuable insights to organizations that pursuing to draw and retain new talent of Gen Z and organizations is strongly encouraged to include CSR into their business practices to achieve competitive advantages.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Suziwana Hj. Tahir, Sabariah Seth https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Job Performance through HRM Practices: A Conceptual Framework for Local Government in Malaysia
The performance of local government employees in Malaysia is a critical factor in ensuring effective and efficient public service delivery. However, persistent human resource management (HRM) challenges, including inadequate training, poor job-role alignment, and limited career development pathways, continue to hinder employee productivity, particularly in local government such as Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Langat (MPKL). This conceptual paper proposes a framework examining the influence of three core HRM practices, employee training, job suitability, and career development, on job performance, with job satisfaction serving as a moderating variable. Drawing from multiple theoretical foundations such as the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) Model, the Transfer of Training Model, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, the Person–Job Fit Theory, and Career Anchor Theory, this study integrates these perspectives into a unified conceptual model tailored to the Malaysian local government context. The framework responds to identified gaps in the public-sector HRM literature, particularly the lack of comprehensive models exploring the interaction between multiple HRM dimensions and their combined effect on job performance. The paper also outlines theoretical and practical implications, suggesting that HRM strategies should not only be individually strengthened but also designed in alignment with employees’ levels of job satisfaction. The proposed framework offers a valuable foundation for future empirical testing and contributes to ongoing efforts to improve organizational effectiveness and service quality in Malaysia’s public sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jasnah Mohamad Hadzar, Mazlan Che Soh, Radduan Yusof https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reviewing 30-Years Climatology Trend in Malaysia – Exploring Potential of Sustainable Agricultural Activities
Climate change plays a vital role because it has a significant impact on all living creatures on earth. Analysing the trajectory of the climate is critical in determining the pattern of changes since it provides an initial perspective for future forecasts. In this study, a trend analysis was carried out to identify the pattern of changes for four weather parameters such as yearly precipitation (mm), yearly maximum temperature (°C), yearly average humidity (%) and yearly radiation (MJ/m) from 1992 to 2022. A comparative study was carried out in three different locations in Malaysia (Sintok, Gunung Brinchang and Chuping). The data of 30 years of climatology was extracted from NASA Power. As a result of this analysis, the precipitation trend is influenced by the maximum temperature in these locations and maximum temperature showed an upward trend for every 10 years. Opposingly, the humidity in Gunung Brinchang showed insignificant changes although the humidity is increasing both in Sintok and Chuping. The radiation showed no trend all in three locations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurina Alya Abdullah, Nur Syazwani Shamsul Batmi, Nurliyana Mohd Shazali, Mohd Saufi Bastami https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Negotiating Autonomy and Political Control: A Principal-Agent Analysis of Public Enterprise Reform in Malaysia
Public enterprises have been central to Malaysia’s development strategy but continue to face a fundamental governance dilemma: balancing managerial autonomy with political control. This article analyses that dilemma through the lens of Principal-Agent Theory (PAT), which highlights how agency problems arise when governments, as principals, delegate authority to managers, as agents. Using a conceptual and qualitative approach, the study synthesises secondary literature, policy documents, and comparative cases. Malaysia’s reform trajectory is divided into three phases. In the NEP era (1970s-1980s), enterprises were tools of redistribution, but excessive political control produced inefficiency and fiscal dependency. The privatisation era (1980s-1990s) promised autonomy through corporatisation, yet informal political influence and patronage created dual accountability. The GLC era (2000s-present) introduced hybrid governance with KPIs and professional boards, but political appointments and strategic interventions diluted their credibility. More recently, ESG-oriented governance and digital transformation have added new layers of complexity by expanding information asymmetry, symbolic compliance, and monitoring challenges within public enterprises. Comparative cases from the United Kingdom, France, and Singapore confirm that autonomy-control dilemmas are universal. The UK shows how excessive autonomy weakens accountability, France demonstrates how excessive control stifles efficiency, while Singapore illustrates how capable, technocratic principals can balance autonomy with oversight. The article concludes that Malaysia’s reforms have reconfigured rather than resolved agency problems. Future reform requires strengthening principals, depoliticising appointments, and aligning autonomy with public value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Faiz Yaakob, Hanim Ismail, Muhammad Hirzi Aisy Mohd Rozaini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining the Relationship between SDG Principles and University Student Behaviour: Identifying the Most Influential Dimension
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a universal framework for advancing a more sustainable future through five guiding principles: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership. University students play a vital role in translating these principles into behavioural practices that support sustainability within academic and societal contexts. This study examines the relationship between the SDG principles and students’ behaviour, and further identifies the most influential principle shaping their sustainable practices. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected through questionnaires administered to 341 undergraduate respondents using convenience sampling. Correlation analysis revealed that all five principles demonstrated a significant and positive relationship with students’ behaviour, with Partnership (r = 0.688) and Peace (r = 0.686) showing the strongest associations. Regression analysis further indicated that Peace (β = 0.317, p = 0.000) was the most influential principle in predicting students’ behavioural practices. This highlights the pivotal role of Peace in fostering cooperation, conflict resolution, and social responsibility among students. The findings underscore the importance of embedding SDG values into higher education to promote behavioural change, while also emphasising the need for collaboration among governments, NGOs, and educational institutions to strengthen SDG oriented initiatives. Practically, these results provide valuable guidance for universities in prioritising Peace-focused educational programs, student engagement activities, and curriculum design to encourage sustainable behaviours. By identifying the most impactful principle, this study contributes new insights into strategies that align higher education with the broader global sustainability agenda.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wan Aqilah Shafiqah Wan Hanafi, Nur Syuhada Amran, Noorie Haryaniee Moulton, Imron Sohsan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strengthening ASEAN Border Security through Regional Governance: Challenges and Opportunities in Combating Transnational Crime
Border Security has become an increasingly important issue in Southeast Asia due to the rise of transnational crimes such as human trafficking, drug trafficking, cybercrime, and illicit trade. In response, ASEAN has developed various regional frameworks, including the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) Blueprint and the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in persons (ACTIP), to enhance regional cooperation. However, the effectiveness of these mechanisms remains limited due to sovereignty concerns, the principle of non-interference, uneven enforcement capacities, differing political priorities among member states. This study examines how ASEAN can strengthen border security through improved regional governance using a qualitative document analysis of ASEAN policies, international reports and academic literature. It finds that fragmented information sharing, inconsistent legal frameworks, and weak institutional coordination continue to hinder effective collective responses to cross-border threats. In increasing economic integration and digitalisation further complicate border management. The study concludes that ASEAN border security can be strengthened through improved intelligence sharing, greater use of technologies such as biometric systems, harmonisation of legal frameworks, and stronger institutional cooperation with external partners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Ain Rozihan, Adlina Abdin, Nur Umairah Syahmina Shamshi, Amer Fawwaz Mohamad Yasid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance: The Role of E-Recruitment and E-Compensation in Nigeria’s Banking Sector
This study examines the impact of digital human resource management practices specifically e-recruitment and e-compensation on organizational performance in Nigeria’s banking sector. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Socio-Technical Systems Theory (SST), the study provides an integrated theoretical framework linking digital HR practices to organizational outcomes. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 351 employees selected from a population of 2,700 bank staff using stratified random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Findings reveal that e-recruitment (β = 0.640, p < .05) and e-compensation (β = 0.424, p < .05) both significantly predict organizational performance. Organizational performance was operationalized using operational efficiency, employee productivity, and service delivery effectiveness. The strong effect of e-recruitment supports the Resource-Based View by enhancing the quality of human capital, while the effectiveness of e-compensation aligns with the Technology Acceptance Model through improved system usability and perceived fairness. The study concludes that digital HRM practices significantly enhance organizational performance and recommends increased investment in digital recruitment and compensation systems within Nigeria’s banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rashida Adamu Oyoru, Samuel Otohinoyi, Adedoyin John Towoju, Lawal Yusuf Birisan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Governance Gap: Analyzing Resource Efficiency in Selangor’s Children’s Welfare Institutions
This study critically analyses the operational status and resource efficiency of 28 private and Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) Residential Child Care Centres in Selangor, Malaysia, against mandated policy standards and the substantial public funding allocated to the sector. Utilising a mixed-methods approach involving questionnaires, interviews, and institutional observation, the research frames its analysis around the Policy and Resource Allocation Perspective, underpinned by the Child Welfare Governance and Resource Efficacy Model (CWGREM). The findings establish that despite high managerial academic qualifications and significant resource investment, the system suffers from a pervasive Governance Gap. This gap is defined by three critical failures: structural Resource Disparity (a reliance on limited-facility residential properties), Ambiguous Accountability (the use of part-time and voluntary staff without standardised professional competency criteria), and Regulatory and Financial Weakness. Specifically, the non-disclosure of financial data and evidence of weak enforcement, including unregistered operations, compromises the State’s ability to track and ensure resource efficacy. In conclusion, the system operates on a minimum compliance model that fails to achieve the national aspiration for developmental equity. The research recommends an urgent pivot from basic regulatory checks to a rigorous enforcement model focused on Mandatory Operational Audits, Enforced Financial Transparency, and Integrated Agency Oversight to secure predictable, high-quality care environments for children transitioning to autonomy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Syed Lamsah Syed Chear, Mohd Hanip Hassan, Sri Katoningsih https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Determinants of Campus Political Participation: A Case Study of AM, AC, and AT Faculties at UiTM Sabah, Malaysia
In recent years, students' involvement in campus politics is not exhilarating compared to the early 1970s, when politics on campus started to arise. Participation in campus politics is not only focusing on campus elections but also on activism and debate, as well as discussion. This activity has a significant contribution for the future of democracy in Malaysia among the young generation. It is crucial to address these issues with the university students to ensure significant actions could be taken to encourage their participation and to prevent their existence in politics from lessening. Therefore, the researchers believe that there are several factors that are associated with students' participation in campus politics. In this quantitative exploratory study, descriptive analysis was used to determine the mean for the variables. Furthermore, inferential analysis using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman were observed. The findings highlighted a significant difference in students’ participation in campus politics between the Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies (AM), the Faculty of Accountancy (AC), and the Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology (AT). On top of that, the factor of social media has a weak to moderate positive correlation among the three factors studied.
Copyright (c) 2025 Afiq Daniel Ahmad Raud, Muhammad Asyari Markus, Nurfaizah Abbdullah, Azwan Ahzran Perman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Empowering Democracy through Education: The Role of Student Leadership at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
This study explores the impact of student representative leadership at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) on promoting democratic values and civic engagement within Malaysian higher education. Student leadership is recognized as a platform for nurturing future leaders with integrity, accountability and ethical awareness which is the qualities that are increasingly important in both national governance and global diplomacy. The research aligns with Malaysia’s broader commitment to democratic principles and its role in advancing soft power through educational institutions. Using a cross-sectional survey approach, data were collected from final year students in two academic programs at UMT. The study examines how demographic factors such as gender, age and ethnicity influence perceptions of student leadership and democratic awareness. It also investigates the relationship between student leadership experience and understanding of democratic practices. The findings aim to provide valuable insights into the role of higher education institutions sustaining democratic citizenship and participatory governance. By reinforcing student engagement in campus governance, universities contribute not only to domestic educational reform but also to Malaysia’s international image as a democratic and diplomatically engaged nation. Using leadership theory, tthis study proposess the potential of student leadership as a strategic tool in shaping youth diplomacy and fostering a more inclusive, informed and participatory academic culture.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Shazwan Mohd Ariffin, Aina Shamimi Mohd Azleesham https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Examining Factors Contributing Political Participation Among Youths in Kuching, Sarawak
Youth political participation has become an important issue in Malaysia following recent electoral reforms, particularly the implementation of Undi18. The reform lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 and introduced automatic voter registration. This policy added millions of young voters to the electorate. As a result, youth participation has become increasingly important in Malaysian elections. However, concerns remain regarding the level of political engagement among youths. Therefore, this study examines the factors contributing to political participation among youths in Kuching, Sarawak. This study focuses on three factors: political interest, political knowledge, and social media usage. The Civic Voluntarism Model was used as the theoretical foundation. A quantitative research design was applied as data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to youths aged 18 to 20 in Kuching, Sarawak. The respondents were selected from six parliamentary constituencies. A total of 390 responses from six parliamentary constituencies were successfully collected. The data were analysed using Multiple Regression through SPSS. The findings show social media usage significantly influence the youths’ political participation (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:r>β</m:r></m:oMath><![endif]--> = 0.278, p < 0.001). In contrast, political interest and political knowledge do not show significant relationships with participation. The results suggest that digital platforms play an important role in encouraging youth engagement in politics. These findings provide useful insights for policymakers and political actors to improve youth political participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Rahimin Rahim, Nadrawina Isnin, Che Hamdan Che Mohd Razali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
UN Peacekeeping Mission in Conflict Zone: An Analysis of the Implementation on the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Doctrine and Resolution
For the past of 76 years, the United Nations has been a vital force in helping to prevent and resolve conflicts around the globe. UN Peacekeeping missions have played a crucial role in the implementation doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in conflict zones, providing a platform for countries to work together and build peace. The objective of the study is to identify the roles and responsibilities of various actors in the implementation of R2P, analyse the challenges faced in the operation of R2P in conflict zones, and evaluate ways to improve the effectiveness of the UN peacekeeping mission in the R2P implementation process. Drawing on methods from discourse analysis, this study will be conducted through a qualitative methodology involving the study of important UN documents and also in- depth case studies. The analysis reveal that there are obstacles such as political constraints, insufficiently strong and clear mandates, lack of equipment resources and uneven integration among UN security council members. In addition, the policy of selective intervention in favour of powerful countries has affected application and consistency against the doctrine. As a conclusion, without overcoming the political and operational challenges, the effectiveness of R2P will remain compromised
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Safwan Syahmi Mohamad Zainuddin , Farhatul Mustamirrah Mahamad Aziz https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Childhood Vaccination Views Across Genders: What Do Mothers and Fathers Really Think?
Childhood vaccination is a crucial public health endeavour aimed at preventing infectious illnesses and decreasing child mortality. Although vaccine uptake in Malaysia is generally high, disparities may occur among different demographic groups, including gender. This study evaluates parental views regarding childhood vaccination in Pahang, Malaysia, and assesses whether these attitudes significantly differ between male and female parents. The target population comprised parents who have at least one child under 15 years of age. A quantitative cross-sectional design was utilised, involving 333 parents from Pahang. Data were gathered via a structured questionnaire assessing views regarding childhood vaccination. Descriptive statistics and an independent samples t-test were performed to assess attitudes and gender differences, respectively. The independent t-test revealed a statistically significant disparity between male and female parents, with female parents exhibiting more favourable attitudes toward childhood vaccination. The findings highlight the significance of gender in influencing parental perspectives on immunisation. This study advances the application of Gender Schema Theory in public health research and highlights the need for gender-sensitive strategies to improve vaccine acceptance, particularly among male parents
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Hidayahtul Nabihah Manas, Mohd Rozaimy Ridzuan, Noor Amira Syazwani Abd Rahman, Muhammad Redzuan Osman, Muhammad Iqbal M. Pd https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Toward Sustainable Waste Management: Assessing the Potential Implications of Sabah's Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Enactment 2022
The Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Enactment 2022 marks a legislative milestone for sustainable waste management in Sabah. This study applies document analysis to assess its potential impacts, focusing on institutional frameworks, waste minimization strategies, financial mechanisms, and enforcement provisions. Unlike previous research that mainly described Malaysia’s federal legislation, this paper highlights how the Enactment offers a state-driven model tailored to Sabah’s local governance context. The findings suggest that while the Enactment has strong potential to strengthen institutional clarity and funding mechanisms, its success will depend on overcoming challenges such as limited municipal budgets, enforcement capacity, and public participation. This study contributes to policy discourse by situating Sabah’s approach within broader Southeast Asian waste governance trends. Limitations include reliance on documentary sources; future studies should incorporate stakeholder interviews to deepen practical insights.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haidy Henry Dusim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Analysis of Influx of Foreign Workers in Malaysia
Foreign workers play a crucial role in filling labor gaps and supporting the workforce of this country for years. Nevertheless, uncontrolled foreign workers' influx can result in various challenges. This paper primarily focuses on the Malaysian Ministry of Human Resources (MoHR) effort to address the influx of foreign workers and its impact on the labor market. The study begins with external and internal analyses of the MoHR, utilizing the PEST analysis and a custom-made internal audit. Secondary sources and interviews with MoHR staff provide insights for the analysis. The SWOT matrix is used to present the findings and the TOWS Matrix guides the development of alternative recommendations. Through adoption of BOS, this paper proposes a set of strategic recommendations based on the strategic analyses using strategic management tools and techniques. These recommendations aim to address the challenges posed by foreign worker influx and improve the MoHR's management capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fatin Nadzira Mohd Khamdani, Muhammad Aiman Harith Hairan, Nur Mastura Mustafa Kamal, Nurul Azira Samsuden, Fadilah Puteh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Crisis Management in Corporate Landscape Based on Multisector in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectorial Review
The critical role of effective management during crises has been underscored by the unprecedented challenges posed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly disrupted corporate operations worldwide. In Malaysia, the pandemic induced substantial financial and operational losses across various industries. In Malaysia, companies under the categories of Government-Linked Companies (GLCs) exhibited more robust crisis management frameworks compared to private sector firms. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature on crisis management, focusing on its application within Malaysian companies during periods of crisis and adversity. Additionally, it investigates crisis management practices across diverse sectors to identify key determinants of crisis management effectiveness. In other words, this paper focuses on the multi-sectors of the different companies in Malaysia under the scope of crisis management. The reviews suggest that conventional business models and strategies that historically ensured corporate success are increasingly insufficient under crisis conditions, necessitating adaptive and proactive management approaches to sustain organizational viability during and post-crisis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Nabilah Yahaya, Sarina Othman, Tuan Nooriani Tuan Ismail https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Academic Contributions to Policymaking Across the Policy Cycle: A Systematic Review of Malaysian University Research Supporting National Digitalization
This article presents a systematic literature review (SLR) that investigates how digitalization-related research from Malaysian research universities contributes to the policymaking process across six stages of the policy cycle: agenda setting, formulation, legitimization, implementation, evaluation, and review. A total of 30 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed and categorized using the policy cycle framework to uncover the depth and distribution of academic engagement in digital policy development. The findings reveal that research universities contribute most prominently to policy formulation and implementation, offering empirical models, stakeholder analyses, and actionable recommendations in areas such as education, agriculture, healthcare, finance, and innovation. Notably, significant contributions also emerge at the agenda-setting stage, where studies identify policy gaps related to STEM education, digital inclusion, and youth engagement. However, the review highlights a critical absence of academic involvement in the legitimization stage and minimal engagement in policy review, suggesting institutional disconnects that hinder full-cycle policy influence. By applying the policy cycle as an analytical lens, this study offers conceptual clarity and strategic insights into the science-policy interface. It underscores the need for more inclusive, longitudinal, and cross-sectoral mechanisms to translate academic research into sustainable and impactful policy outcomes, especially in developing country contexts like Malaysia, where research-driven governance is essential for national digital transformation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Aqil Fikry Mohd Annuary, Siti Hasliah Salleh, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof, Intan Sazrina Saimy, Raja Marzyani Raja Mazlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0