Privatisation Of Ruminant Vaccinations in Malaysia: An Economical & Management Feasibility Study.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/ji.v21i2.11255Keywords:
Privatisation, Ruminant vaccination, Public-private partnership, Livestock economics, MalaysiaAbstract
Vaccination is fundamental to livestock productivity and food security all over the world. In Malaysia, ruminant-disease control is largely managed by the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS). Recurrent vaccine shortages, delivery delays, and fiscal limitations have piqued the interest in privatising vaccination through possible public–private partnerships (PPPs). This study shows the economic and management feasibility of PPP. A mixed-methods study design combined quantitative surveys of 120 farmers with qualitative interviews of 10 stakeholders. Eighty-five percent of respondents supported private participation, anticipating gains in accessibility and profitability; fifteen percent voiced cost and quality concerns. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation (r = 0.63, p < 0.01) between willingness-to-pay and perceived productivity improvement. Qualitative themes emphasised regulatory readiness, affordability, and workforce expansion. Economic simulation suggested that a hybrid PPP could possibly lower government expenditure by 20 percent over five years while maintaining herd-immunity thresholds. This study concludes that Malaysia can strengthen animal-health governance through regulated collaboration that balances efficiency with equity.
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