Journal Islamic Philanthrophy and Social Finance
Journal of Islamic Philanthropy & Social Finance (JIPSF), E-ISSN 2590- 3942, is a peer-reviewed open-access journal. JIPSF publishes biannual issues and is managed by a team of scholars from Islamic Philanthropy and Social Finance (IPSF), formerly known as the Center for Islamic Philanthropy and Social Finance (CIPSF), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. This scholarly journal covers emerging issues in Islamic Philanthropy and Social Finance. This includes zakat, waqf, infaq, charity, qard al-hassan, Islamic finance, and Islamic microfinance. The editors welcome manuscripts in the above disciplines and the subdisciplines. Prospective authors are encouraged to use this submission link to advance their manuscript for review and possible publication. The Journal is published twice a year. Starting from the year 2023, JIPSF has been published in March and September. CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC MICROFINANCE IN PROMOTING FINANCIAL INCLUSION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INSTITUTIONAL DETERMINANTS IN AFGHANISTAN
This study investigates the role of Islamic microfinance institutions (IMFIs) in enhancing financial inclusion in Afghanistan, with a particular focus on institutional characteristics that influence client outreach. Using data from nine Islamic microfinance institutions across the country, the study employs a log-linear regression model to examine the relationship between the number of active clients (as a measure of financial inclusion) and three key institutional variables: number of branches, operational self-sufficiency (OSS), and gross financing portfolio. The results reveal that both the number of branches and operational self-sufficiency have a statistically significant and positive effect on the number of active clients, suggesting that institutional expansion and financial sustainability are critical for broadening access to Islamic financial services. The gross financing portfolio also exhibits a positive but statistically insignificant relationship, indicating that the scale of financial operations alone does not necessarily translate into greater inclusion. The findings underscore the importance of institutional capacity and outreach infrastructure in advancing inclusive finance within the framework of Islamic principles. Branch expansion facilitates greater accessibility for rural and marginalized populations, while operational self-sufficiency ensures the financial viability and long-term sustainability of IMFIs. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on Islamic finance by providing empirical evidence from a fragile, post-conflict context, highlighting how Shariah-compliant institutions can support social and economic development goals. Policymakers and development partners are encouraged to promote the expansion and sustainability of Islamic microfinance institutions to foster a more inclusive and equitable financial system in Afghanistan. Key Words: Islamic microfinance, financial inclusion, Afghanistan, operational self-sufficiency, microfinance institutions, client outreach
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal Islamic Philanthrophy and Social Finance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
SOROTAN TREND KESEDARAN AMALAN BERWAKAF DALAM KALANGAN MASYARAKAT ISLAM DI MALAYSIA DARI TAHUN 2015 HINGGA 2024
Konsep menyumbang secara berwakaf telah berkembang dan diterima pakai oleh umat Islam untuk pelbagai tujuan Kebajikan. Pelbagai pihak khasnya MAIN giat menjalankan kempen untuk memungut sumbangan wakaf dengan menggunakan pelbagai strategi dan pendekatan bagi tujuan pembangunan masjid dan sekolah-sekolah berasaskan agama Islam. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi mengenalpasti sejauh manakah tahap kesedaran masayarakat Islam terhadap amalan berwakaf. Walaupun data-data tersebut menunjukkan peningkatan, juga kempen-kempen berwakaf dilihat giat dilaksanakan, namun persoalan berkaitan dengan kesedaran berwakaf dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia perlu diberikan perhatian. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif dengan menjadikan sumber dokumen sebagai data utama kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesedaran berwakaf dalam masayarakat Islam dalam tempoh 10 tahun (2015-2024) masih lagi pada tahap yang rendah. Ini disebabkan lima faktor utama iaitu kekurangan sumber manusia dalam mempromosi wakaf, kekurangan maklumat dan pengetahuan mengenai wakaf, hilang kepercayaan atau keyakinan ke atas institusi wakaf, Masyarakat idak boleh membezakan antara wakaf, zakat dan sedekah dan keperluan kepada inovasi dalam memupuk kesedaran berwakaf. Kajian ini memberikan implikasi kepada semua pihak yang menegndalikan wakaf agar menyemak dan memperkasakan semula lima perkara yang menjadi faktor penyumbang kepada kesedaran berwakaf dalam kalangan masyarakat Malaysia.
FUNDAMENTALS OF PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT FOR WAQF LAND IN MALAYSIA
Waqf land development is becoming increasingly common in Malaysia as a means of achieving socioeconomic goals while simultaneously ensuring long term asset sustainability. However, its development potential remains underutilised due to complex legal institutional and operational constraints. While prior studies have examined individual challenges related to waqf governance, financing and land administration, there is a lack of an integrated understanding of the fundamentals elements required to guide systematic property development of waqf land. This paper aims to identify and synthesis the core fundamentals of property development that are particularly relevant to waqf land in Malaysia. By adopting qualitative research approach, this paper integrates an extensive literature review with semi-structured interviews with stakeholders including the State Islamic Religious Council and developers who are engaged in waqf property development. Thematic analysis was employed to examine institutional roles, development processes and governance practices. The finding indicates six interrelated fundamentals essential for effective waqf property development which are governance and legal alignment, institutional structure and stakeholder coordination, pre-development readiness assessment, development methodology and financing mechanisms, development approval and implementation workflow and post development management and benefit distribution. These findings provide a foundation for waqf administrators and development practitioners in order to improve coordination and implementation of waqf development in Malaysia.
APLIKASI KAEDAH FUZZY TOPSIS DALAM PEMILIHAN PEMBEKAL TERBAIK BAGI RESTORAN MAKANAN KOREA HALAL
Citarasa makanan Korea yang semakin popular dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia telah membawa kepada kemunculan pelbagai restoran masakan Korea. Namun, cabaran utamanya adalah untuk mendapatkan pilihan makanan Korea yang halal khususnya bagi pengguna Muslim kerana terdapat beberapa bahan yang tidak halal yang lazim digunakan dalam masakan Korea. Oleh itu, kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada kaedah khusus dalam menentukan pembekal bahan-bahan halal untuk restoran Korea di Malaysia. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan metodologi Fuzzy TOPSIS bagi menentukan pembekal halal terbaik bagi bahan-bahan masakan Korea, terutamanya dalam menangani kesukaran mendapatkan bekalan halal Kimchi. Kriteria pemilihan pembekal ditetapkan dan dinilai menggunakan kaedah Fuzzy TOPSIS dan perbandingan nilai akhir akan menentukan pembekal terbaik. Hasil kajian ini mendapati bahawa Pembekal 1 merupakan pilihan terbaik berdasarkan kriteria seperti harga, penghantaran, sistem, dan hubungan perniagaan. Dapatan kajian ini menekankan kebolehpercayaan dan keberkesanan teknik Fuzzy TOPSIS dalam menilai pembekal bagi restoran Korea, serta menekankan kepentingan pemilihan pembekal yang tepat dalam memastikan ketersediaan bahan-bahan halal berkualiti tinggi dan memenuhi keperluan pelanggan. Hasil kajian ini boleh digunakan oleh pengurus restoran untuk membuat keputusan yang lebih tepat, memperkemas proses pemilihan pembekal, mengurangkan kos, dan meningkatkan kecekapan operasi.
PREDICTORS OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN THE NORTHWEST NIGERIA: FURTHER EVIDENCE
This paper investigates the determinants of Islamic financial inclusion in the Northwest Nigeria which composed of seven (7) states. Guided by existing evidences in the literature, the paper uses four measures of financial inclusion as constructs: owning an account with Islamic bank, request for financing from an Islamic bank, owning an ATM and frequency of the usage of ATM card of an Islamic bank. Accordingly, it employs four logistic regression models to investigate how socioeconomic, demographic, demand and supply variables affect the research constructs in the study area using cross-sectional survey data of 800 households in the study area. Results show that gender, size of the household, years of business experience and distance of banks, impact significantly on the likelihood of having an Islamic bank account. Specifically, females are more likely to own an Islamic bank account. Years of business experience increase the chance of owning an account, but distance reduces such probabilities. In the second model, gender and household size are the demographic factors affecting the likelihood of a respondent’s request for financing facility from an Islamic bank, with females more likely to request for financing than their male counterparts; while size of the household reduces the likelihood. Other determinants of financing request include years of business experience and duration of banking with an Islamic bank. The results also indicate that females who recently joined businesses, as well as customers residing far away from the service provider are more likely to use ATM card frequently than otherwise. From the findings the paper posits that improved provision of financial infrastructure, increase in the number of bank branches in the rural areas and reduction in the costs of services of the Islamic banks are pertinent for improved Islamic financial inclusion in the zone.
GAMIFYING WAQF MANAGEMENT: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL PLATFORMS TO BOOST ENGAGEMENT AND TRANSPARENCY
The digitization of the Islamic philanthropy requires new approaches to address the long-standing issues in the management of Waqf, specifically, low levels of stakeholder involvement and a lack of transparency. This paper suggests a theoretical model of an approach that combines gamification and a high-tech blockchain and artificial intelligence to optimise digital Waqf services. The framework has been developed to address 50 related studies through systematic review, which consists of the four interconnected components: Firstly, there is an Engagement Layer, which uses game mechanics, including badges, progress tracking, and challenges, Second, a Transparency Layer uses blockchain to maintain immutable records and AI to generate analytics and detect fraud, Third, there is a Cultural Adaptation Module, which will ensure Sharia compliance and demographic tailoring, and, finally, a Governance Compliance Module that will settle the requirements of regulations and institutions. They are run by these components in an enabling ecosystem of stakeholders, such as fintech partners and regulators. The framework builds upon the existing models of technology adoption by adding the Islamic moral and cultural aspects and provides both theoretical and practical input. It gives a systemic direction to Waqf institutions to implement gamified cultural sensitive digital solutions to increase the participation of the donors, the level of trust and the output efficiency of the operations. This study highlights the possibility of gamification as a revolutionary application to Islamic social finance, which will reconcile the traditional Islamic values of philanthropy with modern digital technology.
FAKTOR AGAMA DALAM PEMILIHAN KAD KREDIT ISLAMIK KALANGAN PEKERJA MUSLIM
Malaysia merupakan salah satu negara yang terkenal dengan sektor kewangan dan perbankan Islamnya termasuklah dalam penggunaan kad kredit Islamik yang menjadi alternatif kepada kad kredit konvensional dalam kalangan pengguna muslim di Malaysia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk analisis faktor agama yang mempengaruhi kepada pemilihan kad kredit Islamik dalam kalangan pekerja muslim di negara ini. Metodologi kajian yang diguna pakai ialah reka bentuk campuran antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Reka bentuk kualitatif digunakan pada menganalisis kajian-kajian lepas dalam mendapatkan data mengenai hukum berkaitan kad kredit Islamik. Reka bentuk kuantitatif digunakan pada mendapatkan data menerusi tinjauan dalam talian. Responden yang dipilih merupakan kalangan pekerja muslim di Selangor kerana Selangor merupakan negeri yang mempunyai kadar guna tenaga tertinggi di Malaysia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan faktor agama mempengaruhi pemilihan kad kredit Islamik kalangan pengguna muslim berasaskan kefahaman mereka terhadap hukum hakam dan pematuhan syariah. Namun begitu, masih ada pengguna muslim tetap memilih kad kredit konvensional kerana kesedaran terhadap kad kredit Islamik dari sudut pematuhan syariah. Selain itu, terdapat pengguna muslim yang terus memilih kad kredit konvensional kerana menganggap sama sahaja antara kad kredit Islamik dan konvensional. Justeru, institusi kewangan Islam perlu meningkatkan usaha penerangan memperkenalkan struktur dan kontrak secara jelas pada kad kredit Islamik bagi menampakkan perbezaan yang ketara dengan kad kredit konvensional.
THE ROLE OF NEW MEDIA IN ENHANCING ISLAMIC ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: DIGITAL ZAKAT AND CHARITY PLATFORMS IN MALAYSIA
Abstract This study analyzes the role of new media in enhancing Islamic economic systems, focusing on digital zakat and charity platforms in Malaysia. Using a qualitative analytical methodology, the study examines how social media platforms and smart applications contribute to increasing public awareness, enhancing transparency, and improving participation in Islamic economic practices. The findings reveal that Islamic charitable institutions in Malaysia, through the adoption of digital media, have increased zakat collection by 17.4%, with a notable rise in participation among youth aged 18-34. The study also identifies challenges associated with digital adoption, including digital literacy gaps and the need for continuous Shariah compliance. The study provides practical recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of these digital platforms.
EFFECTS OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL LITERACY ON RETIREMENT PLANNING BEHAVIOUR IN UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA ACADEMIC STAFFS
ABSTRACT Retirement planning is an important concern because life expectancy has grown, and the cost of health care has increased. According to a report from the Department of Statistics Malaysia (2016), the number of employed people aged 15–64 years improved from 69.0 in 2015 to 69.2 percent in 2016. This study examines the factors affecting the relationship between Islamic financial literacy and retirement planning behavior. The study used a survey in which questionnaires were distributed to 200 respondents among the academic staff of UUM. Descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The study found a significant positive relationship between selected demographic factors (income level and age group) and retirement planning behavior. Moreover, the study found a strong positive relationship between attitudes and retirement planning behavior. Nevertheless, the study also found a strong positive relationship between Islamic financial knowledge and retirement planning behavior. This study contributes to the Islamic financial literacy literature by investigating the effect of factors such as Islamic financial knowledge, attitudes, and selected demographic factors such as income level and age group on the retirement planning behavior of academic staff. University administrators and policymakers should prepare and offer effective courses, such as seminars and workshops related to Islamic finance, to achieve a high level of awareness of retirement planning behavior among society and university employees. Key Words: Retirement planning behaviour, Islamic financial literacy, demographic factors, attitudes, Islamic financial knowledge.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal Islamic Philanthrophy and Social Finance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
KAJIAN TERHADAP BULAN BINTANG: KEPENTINGAN KAWALAN KUALITI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN PELANGGAN
Artikel ini membincangkan kepentingan pengawalan kualiti dalam meningkatkan kepercayaan pelanggan terhadap jenama tempatan, khususnya bagi jenama Bulan Bintang. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologi secara kualitatif dengan nilai-nilai yang berpandukan Al-Quran dan Sunnah.Hasil sorotan kajian menunjukkan untuk membina keyakinan pelanggan terhadap produk, pengurusan jenama mestilah berintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam seperti kejujuran, amanah dan tanggungjawab. Kajian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti hubungan antara kepercayaan pelanggan dan pengurusan kualiti yang sistematik melalui sorotan terhadap jurnal yang memfokuskan kepada rekaan pakaian, pengurusan kualiti dari aspek Islam. Rekaan fesyen yang menepati kehendak syariah dan pendekatan Islamik turut memberi impakkepada persepsi pelanggan terhadap kualiti produk. Perkara ini perlulahdititikberatkan untuk mengawal mutu dan menjaga imej jenama Bulan Bintang.Oleh itu, Bulan Bintang perlu mengamalkan pendekatan yang berasaskan nilai Islam dalam pengawalan kualiti bagi mengukuhkan lagi kepercayaan dan kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap jenama. This article discusses the importance of quality control in increasing customer trust in local brands, especially forthe Bulan Bintang brand. This study uses a qualitative methodological approach with values guided by the Quranand Sunnah. The results ofthe study show that to build customer trust in products, brand management mustintegrate Islamic values such as honesty, trust and responsibility. This study was also conducted to identify therelationship between customer trust and systematic quality management through a review of journals that focuson clothing design, quality management from an Islamic perspective. Fashion design that meets the requirementsof sharia and an Islamic approach also has an impact on customer perceptions of product quality. This should be emphasized to control quality and maintain the Bulan Bintang brand image. Therefore, Bulan Bintang needs toadopt an approach based on Islamic values in quality control to further strengthen customer trust and loyalty tothe brand.
HARNESSING TIKTOK FOR ISLAMIC CROWDFUNDING: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR DIGITAL DAKWAH AND DONOR ENGAGEMENT
This paper explores the potential of TikTok as an innovative platform for enhancing Islamic crowdfunding initiatives by integrating digital dakwah with ethical marketing strategies. In an era where short-form video content dominates digital engagement, TikTok presents a unique opportunity for Islamic organizations to connect with younger, tech-savvy Muslim audiences. The study conceptualizes a framework that combines Islamic ethical principles, influencer marketing, and user-generated content to foster trust, authenticity, and social impact. By leveraging the platform's algorithmic amplification and community-building features, Islamic crowdfunding campaigns can achieve greater visibility, emotional resonance, and donor participation. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on digital religiosity and fintech by proposing a strategic model that aligns contemporary marketing tools with Islamic values. Future empirical research is encouraged to validate the framework through campaign data, user behavior analysis, and platform analytics
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE RANKING OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES IN MALAYSIA USING THE TOPSIS METHOD
This study aims to evaluate and rank the financial performance of transportation companies in Malaysia using the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a widely accepted Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) tool. The main objective is to rank the companies based on multiple financial indicators, including profitability, liquidity, efficiency, and leverage. Financial data were collected from annual reports and analyzed using TOPSIS to determine each firm's relative closeness to the ideal financial performance. The results reveal significant variations in performance across firms, where high return on assets and minimal debt levels drive top rankings. The findings deliver practical, data-based benchmarks that aid investment decisions, policy formulation, and strategic planning in the transportation industry.
TOPSIS BASED DECISION MAKING FOR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIA RENEWABLE ENERGY SECTOR
methods to evaluate the financial performance of industry players. This study utilizes the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, to assess and rank 27 renewable energy companies based on 2024 financial data obtained from Datastream. Key financial indicators return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), net profit margin, current ratio, and debt-to-equity ratio were used to construct a composite performance index. Financial data were normalized, and criteria were weighted using both equal and expert-based approaches to ensure robustness. The TOPSIS model was applied to measure each company’s relative closeness to an ideal performance benchmark. Results showed significant variation in financial performance, with top-ranking firms displaying stronger profitability and financial balance. Larger and more diversified companies generally outperformed smaller peers. The study offers a practical, replicable framework for evaluating financial efficiency in the renewable energy sector. It provides useful insights for investors, policymakers, and corporate decision-makers seeking data-driven tools for strategic planning and sustainability-oriented investment decisions
THE BEHAVIORS OF CONVENTIONAL AND ISLAMIC BONDS IN MALAYSIA DURING COVID-19
The study empirically examines the behaviors of short-term and long-term bonds in Malaysia for both conventional and Islamic during COVID-19 crisis. The relationship between short-term and long-term interest rates yield is tested applying Expectation Theory. The non-stationary time series models of cointegration analysis are employed upon weekly data from April 1, 2020, to December 29, 2021. Three different maturities of bond analyzed in the study are three-month, three-year, and ten-year bonds. The interest rates of three-month short-term bonds are found to have no stable long-run equilibrium with the three-year and ten-year long-term bonds for both conventional and Islamic. The results however display a cointegration exist between the two long-term bonds namely three-year and ten-year for both conventional and Islamic. There is nevertheless no causality effect exhibited by the cointegrating variables for both conventional and Islamic. This information is imperative for policy makers and retail investors in understanding the reaction and performance bonds in Malaysia, specifically during the COVID-19 crisis. The insight could shed some input and assist in making more viable investment decisions.
THE APPLYING SOCIAL MARKETING PRINCIPLES IN ZAKAT CAMPAIGNS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR BEHAVIORAL CHANGE AND DONOR ENGAGEMENT
This conceptual paper presents an integrated framework aimed at enhancing donor engagement and fostering consistent behavior in zakat campaigns through the application of social marketing principles, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), and Islamic values. Despite the increasing digitalization of Islamic philanthropy, numerous zakat institutions face challenges in maintaining donor participation and ensuring long-term commitment. Building on Andreasen’s (2002) social marketing mix—comprising Product, Price, Place, and Promotion—this study identifies campaign strategy as a pivotal driver of donor intention and engagement. Furthermore, the components of UTAUT2—such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and habit—are introduced to address the aspects of technological acceptance and user experience within digital zakat platforms. The framework also integrates key Islamic values, including trust, ihsan, and tarbiah, as moderating variables that shape donors' responses to marketing strategies and technology platforms. The proposed model offers a comprehensive approach to understanding and enhancing donor behavior by aligning contemporary marketing techniques with Islamic ethical principles. This framework has the potential to guide future empirical research and inform practical strategies for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of zakat campaigns
SOCIAL OUTCOME REPORTING IMPLEMENTATION CHALLENGES AMONG MALAYSIAN NON-PROFIT ISLAMIC ORGANISATIONS
The Malaysian government, private sector, and society have embraced and advocated the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations without marginalising any community or underprivileged population. While multiple institutions have funded Malaysian non-profit Islamic organisations (NPIOs), NPIO management should also be highly accountable for the provided funds with unambiguous track records of conducted activities and programmes through social outcome reports (SORs). Nonetheless, several challenges persist in the process of generating SORs. The current study aims to scrutinise the NPIO challenges related to SORs through a qualitative methodology, namely semi-structured interviews. The findings demonstrated insufficient SOR expertise and skills among NPIOs despite SORs being highly crucial to fulfilling stakeholder expectations. The organisational learning perspectives propounded that NPIOs could transform organisational culture when adequate opportunities were offered. Practically, NPIO regulators in Malaysia, including the Registry of Societies (ROS), and funders can provide pertinent training and equip NPIOs with the necessary skills to produce SOR.
PENERIMAAN USAHAWAN ASNAF TERHADAP KUALITI PERKHIDMATAN MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI SEMBILAN BERDASARKAN MODEL SERVQUAL
Transformasi usahawan asnaf menerusi Program Pembangunan Insan merupakan inisiatif proaktif oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan (MAINS) bertujuan membantu meningkatkan potensi golongan asnaf dalam sektor keusahawanan. Inisiatif ini sejajar dengan objektif MAINS sendiri bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan agihan zakat menerusi strategi serampang dua mata, iaitu memastikan setiap asnaf mampu menjalani kehidupan sejahtera di samping membina potensi diri untuk keluar daripada belenggu kemiskinan. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai penerimaan usahawan asnaf terhadap kualiti perkhidmatan yang disediakan oleh Majlis Agama Islam Negeri Sembilan (MAINS) dengan menggunakan Model SERVQUAL. Model ini menilai lima dimensi utama kualiti perkhidmatan, iaitu tangibles (ketara), reliability (kebolehpercayaan), responsiveness (tindak balas), assurance (jaminan), dan empathy (empati). Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada sampel usahawan asnaf yang berdaftar dengan MAINS. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara beberapa dimensi SERVQUAL dengan tahap penerimaan usahawan asnaf terhadap perkhidmatan yang diterima. Kajian ini menyumbang kepada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang persepsi kumpulan asnaf terhadap perkhidmatan institusi agama, serta memberikan cadangan penambahbaikan bagi meningkatkan keberkesanan penyampaian perkhidmatan sokongan ekonomi asnaf di Negeri Sembilan.
INSTITUTIONALIZING IHSAN: A CORPORATE STRATEGY FOR ETHICAL EXCELLENCE IN BUSINESS OPERATIONS
This paper critically re-evaluates the popular business maxim “the customer is always right” through the ethical framework of ihsan, an Islamic principle that emphasizes excellence, compassion, and moral integrity in human conduct. While customer satisfaction is a central business objective, this slogan often leads to ethical distortions—encouraging consumer entitlement, diminishing employee dignity, and undermining organizational harmony. The study aims to challenge this consumer-centric narrative by introducing ihsan as a more balanced and morally grounded alternative in business ethics. The problem addressed is the uncritical adoption of customer supremacy, which prioritizes profit over justice and respect for all stakeholders. Using a philosophical and conceptual methodology, the paper draws on textual analysis of the Qur’an, Hadith, classical Islamic scholarship, and contemporary literature in ethics and business studies. The findings highlight the dangers of ethical egoism and reveal how ihsan offers a holistic model for ethical engagement that transcends transactional thinking. It encourages fairness, accountability, and mutual respect in business operations. This study contributes to the field of business ethics by proposing a value-based paradigm that promotes ethical reorientation in business practices. By replacing consumer dominance with ihsan, the paper envisions a more just, compassionate, and spiritually conscious business environment.
THE EFFECT OF ZAKAT INDEX, ISLAMIC HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (I-HDI), AND UNEMPLOYMENT RATE ON POVERTY IN SOUTHERN SUMATRA ISLAND
This study aims to analyze the effect of the Zakat Index, Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI), and Unemployment Rate on Poverty in the Southern Sumatra region during the period 2019-2023. The method used is quantitative with a panel data approach that includes cross-sectional data from five provinces and a five-year time series. The analysis was carried out using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) regression model through Eviews 12 software. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The Zakat Index partially has a significant positive effect on Poverty; (2) IHDI and Unemployment Rate partially do not have a significant effect on Poverty; (3) Simultaneously, these three variables affect Poverty. This finding emphasizes the importance of the Zakat program towards economic empowerment. Productive zakat programs, such as business capital assistance and job training, need to be prioritized over consumptive assistance. In addition, optimization of the potential of professional zakat and agricultural zakat also needs to be strengthened through ongoing socialization and literacy, so that zakat can play a more effective role in poverty alleviation in a sustainable manner. keywords: Zakat; Islamic Human Development Index (I-HDI); Unemployment Rate; Poverty
WASIAT BERAMANAH: ALTERNATIF KEPADA PERANCANGAN HARTA PUSAKA YANG KOMPREHENSIF DI MALAYSIA
Wasiat merupakan salah satu instrumen perancangan harta pusaka yang menjadi pilihan orang Islam di Malaysia. Namun demikian, pelaksanaan wasiat selepas kematian pewasiat masih berdepan cabaran seperti pelaksanaan wasiat ini masih boleh dicabar, terhad kepada 1/3 bahagian kepada bukan waris, pergaduhan di antara waris, perlantikan penjaga tidak beramanah sehingga berlakunya pengabaian benefisiari. Justeru, kajian ini akan menganalisis aplikasi Wasiat Beramanah sebagai alternatif dalam perancangan harta pusaka yang lebih sistematik dan holistik. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kepustakaan dan temu bual bersama seorang pegawai di Amanah Raya Berhad (ARB). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa aplikasi Wasiat Beramanah adalah lebih komprehensif daripada wasiat biasa, berupaya menunaikan hasrat pewasiat, dan menjaga kebajikan waris-waris selepas berlaku kematian pewasiat. Kajian ini mencadangkan aplikasi Wasiat Beramanah ini diperluaskan lagi kerana masih kurang diberi perhatian.
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal Islamic Philanthrophy and Social Finance https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
ACCESSIBILITY OF MICROFINANCE PRODUCTS FOR INCOME GENERATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION IN JIGAWA STATE
Small loans are critical for alleviating mass poverty, particularly for individuals unable to finance small-scale businesses. This study explores the role of accessing microfinance as a tool for poverty alleviation in Jigawa State, Nigeria, highlighting its effectiveness in providing financial and non-financial services to marginalized individuals. The research underscores the complexities of poverty reduction, which is influenced by various socio-economic factors and cultural dynamics. Utilizing a survey of 450 microfinance beneficiaries across three senatorial districts, the study employs multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of demographic variables—such as gender, marital status, age, number of dependents, educational level, and religion—on access to microfinance products. Findings reveal that education, marital status, and religious affiliation significantly affect perceptions of microfinance's benefits, while gender, age, and number of dependents show limited influence. The results suggest a need for tailored microfinance products to better support married individuals and enhance financial literacy among clients. Additionally, the high prevalence of Muslim respondents indicates that aligning microfinance offerings with Islamic principles may improve acceptance and utilization. The study concludes that while microfinance has potential for income generation and poverty reduction, its success depends on adapting services to meet the diverse needs of the community, complemented by educational initiatives and collaborative partnerships with government and development organizations.
GHARAR DALAM TRANSAKSI E-DAGANG: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PENGGUNA DAN PENIAGA MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Kajian ini membincangkan konsep gharar dalam transaksi e-dagang serta implikasinya terhadap pengguna dan peniaga menurut perspektif Islam. Gharar merujuk kepada ketidakpastian dalam kontrak yang boleh membawa kepada ketidakadilan dan eksploitasi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kajian kepustakaan dan analisis dokumen bagi meneliti bentuk gharar dalam transaksi digital serta kesannya terhadap pengguna dan para peniaga. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa transaksi e-dagang sering dikaitkan dengan unsur gharar yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian dan ketidakadilan. Bentuk gharar yang dikenal pasti termasuk ketidaktelusan maklumat produk, ketidakpastian penghantaran, polisi pemulangan yang tidak jelas, dan ketidakseimbangan maklumat antara peniaga dan pengguna. Unsur ini boleh menyebabkan risiko penipuan, kehilangan kepercayaan pengguna, serta menjejaskan reputasi peniaga. Oleh itu, pematuhan kepada prinsip ketelusan dan keadilan adalah penting bagi memastikan ekosistem e-dagang yang lebih beretika dan patuh Syariah dengan pelaksanaan peraturan yang lebih ketat, peningkatan kesedaran pengguna, serta pemantauan oleh pihak berkuasa. Ini penting bagi memastikan ekosistem e-dagang yang lebih beretika, selamat, dan patuh Syariah.
MEDIA SOSIAL DAN ISU 3R: PLATFORM PERBINCANGAN ATAU PEMANGKIN KETEGANGAN?
Kebebasan bersuara merupakan elemen penting dalam demokrasi, namun di Malaysia, ia sering dihadkan oleh sensitiviti terhadap isu-isu 3R (Race, Religion, and Royalty). Media sosial telah menjadi platform utama untuk rakyat menyuarakan pandangan mereka mengenai isu-isu ini secara terbuka, sekaligus mencabar kawalan tradisional media arus perdana. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka peranan media sosial dalam memperjuangkan kebebasan bersuara di Malaysia dengan fokus kepada isu-isu 3R. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana media sosial menyediakan ruang bagi diskusi terbuka dan bagaimana platform ini mempengaruhi persepsi masyarakat terhadap isu-isu sensitif tersebut. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa walaupun media sosial memperluas ruang kebebasan bersuara, ia turut membawa cabaran seperti penyebaran maklumat yang tidak tepat dan ucapan kebencian yang boleh mengancam kestabilan sosial. Oleh itu, kajian ini mencadangkan agar pendekatan yang lebih berhati-hati diambil oleh pihak berkuasa dalam mengurus kebebasan bersuara di media sosial, bagi memastikan keseimbangan antara hak bersuara dan keharmonian masyarakat.
KONTROVERSI PENGGUNAAN KALIMAH ALLAH DALAM KALANGAN BUKAN MUSLIM DI MALAYSIA: SATU KAJIAN PERUNDANGAN DAN SOSIAL
Kajian ini bertajuk Kontroversi Penggunaan Kalimah Allah dalam Kalangan Bukan Muslim di Malaysia: Satu Kajian Perundangan dan Sosial, yang membincangkan isu penggunaan kalimah "Allah" oleh bukan Muslim di Malaysia dari sudut perundangan dan sosial. Isu ini mencetuskan perdebatan hebat melibatkan hak kebebasan beragama yang dijamin Perlembagaan Persekutuan dengan keperluan menjaga sensitiviti umat Islam. Dari perspektif perundangan, larangan penggunaan kalimah "Allah" bagi bukan Muslim dalam konteks agama Kristian telah disokong oleh undang-undang syariah di beberapa negeri serta keputusan mahkamah. Namun, keputusan ini bertentangan dengan tuntutan hak kebebasan beragama dalam kalangan komuniti bukan Muslim yang melihat kalimah tersebut sebagai sebahagian daripada amalan keagamaan mereka. Sentimen komuniti Muslim pula menekankan bahawa kalimah "Allah" eksklusif bagi Islam, manakala komuniti bukan Muslim pula menganggap larangan ini sebagai pencabulan hak asasi. Media arus perdana dan alternatif juga memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk persepsi masyarakat mengenai isu ini, dengan memberi tumpuan kepada pelbagai perspektif yang mencorakkan pandangan awam. Kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan mengkaji sejarah dan konteks penggunaan kalimah Allah, dari aspek perundangan di Malaysia serta dimensi sosial dan reaksi masyarakat. Dapatan kajian ini mencadangkan beberapa langkah seperti pendidikan toleransi agama di sekolah, pengukuhan dasar kerajaan, dan inisiatif dialog antara agama untuk menangani isu ini secara harmoni. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini menyeru pendekatan yang lebih inklusif dan toleran dalam menangani isu kalimah "Allah" bagi menjaga keharmonian dan kestabilan masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia.
UNSUR GHARAR DALAM E- WALLET MENGIKUT PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
Dompet elektronik semakin popular di Malaysia kerana kemudahan dan keselamatannya, namun kebimbangan timbul mengenai ketidakjelasan transaksi yang melibatkan dana, ganjaran, dan caj tersembunyi. Berdasarkan prinsip syariah, gharar dilarang kerana boleh menimbulkan ketidakadilan dan kerugian. Kajian in bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur ketidakpastian (gharar) dalam penggunaan dompet elektronik (e-wallet) berdasarkan perspektif syariah. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan melalui analisis kandungan Al-Quran, Hadis, dan pendapat ulama, serta penulisan jurnal ilmiah berkaitan isu ini. Fokus kajian ini adalah untuk menunjukkan unsur gharar wujud dalam transaksi e-wallet melalui ketidakpastian baki, tawaran ganjaran seperti cashback yang bersyarat, serta isu teknikal dalam penyerahan dana. Selain itu, penggunaan e-wallet juga terdedah kepada unsur ketidakpastian dalam sifat barangan serta insentif ganjaran. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa elemen gharar yang tidak diurus dengan baik boleh merosakkan akad dan menjejaskan keyakinan pengguna. Oleh itu, penyedia e-wallet perlu memastikan setiap maklumat jelas dan mematuhi prinsip syariah bagi mengekalkan kepercayaan pengguna Muslim.
HUKUM PERDAGANGAN BITCOIN BERDASARKAN KAEDAH FOREX MENGIKUT SYARIAH ISLAM
Forex Trading merupakan satu aktiviti perniagaan dari segi tukar beli matawang. Terdapat ramai individu yang menggunakan kaedah Forex Trading ini untuk berdagang mata wang dan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan. Bitcoin pula merujuk kepada alat pengukuran nilai yang digunakan dalam kaedah Forex Trading. Secara umumnya, artikel ini akan memfokuskan perbincangan tentang maksud Forex Trading, konsep mata wang kripto iaitu Bitcoin dan konsep riba. Selain itu, artikel ini telah mengkaji metodologi yang digunakan oleh penulis iaitu secara penyelidikan kualitatif. Penulis akan memastikan semua sumber-sumber yang digunakan adalah relevan dan berkaitan dengan penyelidikan supaya mudah dan sesuai untuk dijadikan rujukan. Di samping itu, terdapat perselisihan pendapat tentang hukum perdagangan Bitcoin berdasarkan kaedah Forex Trading mengikut syariah Islam. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hukum-hukum penggunaan Bitcoin dan menerangkan beberapa pandangan ulama terhadap isu yang boleh dibangkitkan terhadap mata wang Bitcoin. Hasil perbincangan daripada artikel ini, jelaslah tentang hujah-hujah berkaitan hukum penggunaan Bitcoin sebagai alat pengukuran nilai dan terdapat beberapa langkah bagi mengatasi masalah yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan Bitcoin melalui kaedah Forex Trading.
SOROTON KAJIAN: PERJUDIAN DIGITAL DALAM PASARAN KEWANGAN
Pendigitalan telah mengubah landskap perjudian, dan platform dagangan digital mewujudkan jurang yang berbahaya antara pelaburan dan perjudian dengan menggabungkan elemen gamifikasi yang menarik tetapi berbahaya. Seiring dengan peningkatan kadar ketagihan, ini juga membawa kepada kesan psikososial yang merangkumi tingkah laku impulsif, kemurungan dan kesan negatif terhadap kestabilan kewangan atau perhubungan keluarga. Di Malaysia, cabarannya lebih rumit kerana platform ini sering beroperasi di zon kelabu undang-undang, mengehadkan keberkesanan kawalan kawal selia. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis mekanisme perjudian dalam perdagangan digital, menilai impaknya terhadap tingkah laku dan kesejahteraan pengguna, serta mengkaji kelemahan pengawalseliaan sedia ada. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah deskriptif dan tematik untuk membentangkan gambaran lengkap tentang fenomena ini dan mencadangkan pelaksanaan langkah pengawalseliaan menyeluruh untuk melindungi pengguna daripada risiko yang semakin membimbangkan yang berkaitan dengan perjudian digital dalam pasaran kewangan.
TABAYYUN DAN REAKSI EMOSI TERHADAP ISU 3R DI MALAYSIA: ANALISIS RESPONS MASYARAKAT ISLAM
Malaysia adalah sebuah negara yang Merdeka yang mempunyai rakyat pelbagai pelbagai bangsa, kaum dan etnik. Malaysia sering dilihat sebagai sebuah negara yang harmoni dimata dunia walaupun didaimi oleh pelbagai bangsa, tapi pada hakikatnya Malaysia juga tidak terkecuali dari mempunyai isu dan konflik yang mengugat keharmonian rakyatnya yang berbilang bangsa. Isu-isu berkaitan 3R (Race, Religion & Royalty) Kaum, Agama, dan Institusi DiRaja sering mencetuskan reaksi emosi yang berpotensi menggugat keharmonian sosial. Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana pendekatan Tabayyun, iaitu sikap berhati-hati dalam menilai kesahihan maklumat, dapat mengurangkan reaksi negatif dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam terhadap isu-isu ini. Dengan menggunakan metodologi campuran yang melibatkan soal selidik dan wawancara, dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan Tabayyun bukan sahaja menghalang penyebaran maklumat palsu tetapi juga mengawal emosi dan menyokong kestabilan sosial. Hasil kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa pendekatan Tabayyun perlu diperkukuhkan sebagai strategi penting dalam membina keharmonian sosial di Malaysia, sekali gus mengurangkan risiko konflik yang berpunca daripada isu-isu sensitif dalam masyarakat.
PERANAN MASYARAKAT DAN KERAJAAN DALAM MEMPERKUKUH KEHARMONIAN NEGARA
Artikel ini membincangkan isu 3R (Kaum, Agama dan Institusi Diraja) yang menjadi cabaran utama dalam mengekalkan keharmonian di Malaysia, sebuah negara berbilang kaum dan agama. Sejarah penjajahan British telah mewariskan dasar "pecah dan perintah," yang membentuk pemisahan kaum berdasarkan peranan ekonomi dan lokasi geografi, menghasilkan ketegangan antara etnik. Selepas merdeka, Malaysia memperkenalkan dasar seperti kontrak sosial dan Dasar Ekonomi Baru (DEB) untuk mengimbangi ketidakseimbangan sosioekonomi, namun isu perkauman tetap menjadi subjek kontroversi. Peranan kerajaan termasuk penguatkuasaan undang-undang seperti Akta Hasutan 1948 dan pelaksanaan program perpaduan seperti Rukun Tetangga. Masyarakat pula berperanan melalui pendidikan sosial, penggunaan media sosial yang bertanggungjawab dan penglibatan aktif dalam program komuniti untuk memupuk persefahaman antara kaum. Pendekatan holistik yang melibatkan undang-undang, dialog antara agama dan usaha sukarelawan disarankan untuk menyokong perpaduan nasional. Artikel ini menegaskan bahawa keharmonian di Malaysia memerlukan kerjasama erat antara kerajaan dan masyarakat untuk memastikan kepelbagaian budaya dan agama menjadi asas kekuatan negara.
KAJIAN AWAL PENERAPAN KOSEP HALALAN TAYIBBAN DALAM INDUSTRI MAKANAN MENGIKUT PERSPEKTIF SYARIAH
Isu kehalalan sesuatu produk adalah salah satu perkara yang sangat perlu dititikberatkan bagi seluruh umat Islam khususnya dalam industri makanan. Pada zaman kini, terdapat banyak premis makanan yang menggunakan bahan-bahan yang halal tetapi tidak mempunyai sijil halal JAKIM. Selain itu, terdapat premis makanan menggunakan bahan-bahan seperti gelatin, enzim, atau emulsifier, yang mungkin berasal dari sumber yang tidak diketahui dan tanpa kejelasan status halal. Hal ini telah menimbulkan kecurigaan yang seterusnya membawa kepada pertikaian dari pelbagai pihak tentang kehalalan sesuatu produk makanan tersebut. Sehubungan dengan itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk membahas dengan lebih terperinci tentang kehalalan suatu produk makanan di restoran yang tidak mempunyai sijil halal tetapi menggunakan sumber makanan mengikut syariat yang telah ditetapkan berdasarkan perspektif Al-Quran dan hadis, pandangan ulama’, perundangan halal negara dan hukum Islam. Sorotan kajian digunakan bagi mendapatkan maklumat kajian. Hasil kajian mendapati pengguna muslim boleh memilih restoran yang tidak mempunyai sijil halal JAKIM tapi ianya memerlukan perhatian yang teliti untuk memastikan makanan yang dimasak memenuhi piawaian tayyiban dan halal.