DEVELOPMENT OF A REUSABLE NICKEL(II)-SUPPORTED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL-SODIUM ALGINATE CATALYST FOR SUZUKI-MIYAURA REACTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/joa.v14i2.11188Keywords:
Polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate, ultrasonic-assisted method, heterogenous catalysis, nickel(II) catalyst, Suzuki-Miyaura reactionAbstract
The Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction is widely used for the formation of carbon–carbon (C–C) bonds, enabling the synthesis of important biaryl compounds in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and advanced materials. However, palladium-based catalysts are limited by high cost, toxicity, and sustainability concerns. Nickel has emerged as a cost-effective and environmentally benign alternative. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate nickel(II) (PVA–SA–Ni) catalyst was synthesised via a one-pot ultrasonic-assisted method. The catalyst was characterised using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS), confirming functional group and nickel incorporation within the polymer matrix. The highest nickel loading (0.109%) was obtained at a synthesis time of 4 hours. The catalytic performance of PVA–SA–Ni was evaluated in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene and phenylboronic acid, with product conversion determined by GC-FID. Under optimal conditions (methanol, K₂CO₃, 65 °C, 2 h, 0.25 mmol%), the catalyst achieved a maximum conversion of 84%. The catalyst was recyclable for up to three cycles, although a gradual decrease in activity was observed. These results highlight the potential of PVA–SA–Ni as a sustainable catalyst for cross-coupling reactions.
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