Heat Stress Exposure and Heat-Related Health Effects Among Night Market Street Vendors in Shah Alam, Malaysia

Abstract

Climate change has increased ambient temperatures worldwide, intensifying heat exposure among outdoor workers. Street vendors at night markets are particularly vulnerable due to cooking activities, high humidity, and limited ventilation. In Malaysia, informal workers often lack adequate heat protection despite existing guidelines. Therefore, this study focuses on assessing environmental heat stress and heat strain among street vendors at the Seksyen 7 night market, Shah Alam.