Flavonoids As Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor: A Systematic Review On Their Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationship and Therapeutic Potentials

Abstract

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) are important regulatory enzymes to hydrolyse cyclic nucleotide cAMP and cGMP to moderate a variety of physiological processes. Synthetic PDE inhibitors are medically used. However, their application is limited due to poor isoform selectivity and side effects. Certain flavonoids can act as multi-subtype inhibitors which can be advantageous in disease with complex pathologies. This review systematically examines the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between flavonoids and PDEs. The purpose of this study is to systematically review current scientific evidence on the mechanisms, SAR and therapeutic potential of flavonoid as PDE inhibitors.