Association Between Whole-Body Vibration Exposure and Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among University Bus Drivers in Selangor, Malaysia

Abstract

Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a common occupational exposure among professional drivers, particularly bus drivers who spend long hours seated. Continuous exposure to vibration generated by vehicle engines, road conditions, and driving activities can cause repeated mechanical stress in the body, especially the spine and supporting muscles. Over time, this exposure may contribute to the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back pain, neck pain, and shoulder discomfort. These conditions can reduce work performance, increase fatigue, and affect overall quality of life. However, limited local studies have examined this association among university bus drivers in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between WBV exposure and MSDs symptoms among university bus drivers in Selangor, Malaysia.