The Formulation of Soap Incorporated with Stingless Bee Honey and Cassia alata extract against Skin Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

Skin pathogenic bacteria can cause a wide range of infections, from mild rashes to severe abscesses, particularly in individuals with poor hygiene or compromised immune systems. Due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, natural alternatives have gained attention for their potential to inhibit such pathogens. Herbal soaps, which are rich in antibacterial compounds, have long been used to protect and heal the skin. In this study, stingless bee honey (Madu Kelulut) and Cassia alata (Daun Gelenggang), both known for their antimicrobial properties, were investigated for their potential to enhance the antibacterial activity of liquid soap. Since liquid soap plays an important role in maintaining hygiene and preventing disease, this study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of soap formulations incorporating stingless bee honey and C. alata leaf extract.