Investigation of Heavy Metals on Paddy Plants (Oryza sativa sp.) and Soil Samples

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in paddy fields has emerged as a growing concern due to its harmful effects on human health, soil quality, and food safety. This study was conducted in Sungai Besar, Selangor, to assess the concentration and mobility of selected heavy metals like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) in paddy soils and various parts of the rice plant (Oryza sativa sp.)