Analysis of Seasonal Total Column Ozone & Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) for 2021-2022 in Klang Valley Using Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (Tropomi)

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in the Klang Valley has led to significant environmental challenges, particularly in terms of deteriorating air quality. The presence of key atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and total column ozone (TCO) has raised health and sustainability concerns. NO₂, primarily emitted from vehicle exhaust and industrial sources, contributes to the formation of tropospheric ozone (O₃) through photochemical reactions. While surface ozone is commonly monitored, satellite-based measurements like TCO offer a broader understanding of ozone distribution across all atmospheric layers. However, studies on TCO variation and its relationship with meteorological factors in Malaysia, especially in Klang Valley, remain limited.