Role of Porphyromonas Gingivalis in Periodontitis

Abstract

Millions of people worldwide suffer from periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that remains to be a major public health concern. In Malaysia alone, more than 12 million adults are affected. Periodontitis can lead to the breakdown of the tooth's supporting structures shortly after starting with bacterial buildup known as biofilm and inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) has been recognised as a major contributor among the several pathogens associated due to its capacity to disrupt the balance of oral microbes, cause inflammation, and evade host immune responses. This critical review focuses on the role of P. gingivalis on the development of periodontitis including the factors for the development of periodontitis, the role of P. gingivalis in oral dysbiosis, the mechanism used by P. gingivalis to thrive in oral microbiome, the importance of subgingival biofilm and how P. gingivalis impact the host immune system.