Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors and Cancer Therapy: A Review

Authors

  • Adriana Hamiera Zainol Anuar Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
  • Rahayu Zulkapli Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) , Cardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
  • Iman Nabilah Abdul Rahim Cardiovascular Advancement and Research Excellence Institute (CARE Institute), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)

Keywords:

PCSK9 Inhibitors, Cancer Therapy, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Evolocumab, Alirocumab

Abstract

Despite progress in cancer treatment, resistance to therapy and poor immune response remain critical challenges. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9), a protein classically associated with cholesterol regulation, has emerged as a potential immunological modulator in cancer. PCSK9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) such as Evolocumab and Alirocumab may not only lower lipid levels but also enhance immune responses and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review aims to narratively explore the role of PCSK9i in cancer treatment.

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Published

01-06-2026

Issue

Vol. 62 (2026): CAS 2025

Section

Articles