The Role of Indigenous Microorganisms in Enhancing the Breakdown of Eco-Friendly Packaging in Malaysia

Abstract

The plastic waste that keeps increasing over time remains a major environmental problem in Malaysia. Synthetic plastic accumulates in landfills and natural ecosystem due to its non-degradable nature, posing long-term threats towards biodiversity and human health. Traditional waste management methods such as landfills and incineration are no longer sufficient to address the non-degradable nature of plastic waste. Thus, a sustainable alternative, eco-friendly packaging, was introduce. This type of packaging often made from biodegradable materials like cellulose. However, the role of indigenous microorganisms in enhancing the breakdown of such packaging remains poorly understood. This study reviews the biodegradation process with a focus on native microbial strains that can break down cellulose-based eco-friendly packaging, specifically within Malaysia’s environment.