Advancing Sustainable Manufacturing: A Critical Review of CAD/CAM Integration in Eco-Conscious Product Design

Abstract

Sustainable product design aims to minimize environmental impact while optimizing resource efficiency and lifecycle performance. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technologies are pivotal in achieving these goals by enabling virtual prototyping, material optimization, and waste reduction. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, software limitations, and insufficient training hinder their adoption, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This study critically examines the role of CAD/CAM tools in sustainable design, focusing on their ability to integrate frameworks like Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Circular Economy (CE) principles, while addressing barriers to widespread implementation.