Biomarker Discovery for Inflammatory States Through Advanced Metabolomics

Abstract

Inflammation, a vital immune response to harmful stimuli, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Traditional biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukins, and TNF-α are routinely used to monitor inflammatory responses but often suffer from limited specificity and sensitivity. This review explores the potential of metabolomics as an advanced approach to identify novel biomarkers for differentiating acute and chronic inflammatory states, with a focus on their application in atherosclerosis.