The Comparative Analysis of Schizophyllum Commune, Rhizopus Sp., and Pleurotus Sp. Solid State Fermentation on Various Waste Substrates

Abstract

Malaysia with its vast agricultural sector, generates a substantial amount of waste. Agricultural and agroindustrial wastes (AAW) have become one of the major environmental challenges. Improper disposal of these wastes can lead to soil degradation, water contamination, and serious ecological threats. The study investigates the potential of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using three fungal strains, Schizophyllum commune, Rhizopus sp., and Pleurotus sp., to valorise two types of AAW namely oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) and coconut husk, into value-added products.