QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF MATERIAL WASTE AND ITS ROOT CAUSES IN BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION USING PARETO AND FISHBONE FRAMEWORK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/myse.v13i2.9673Keywords:
Material waste, Bridge construction, Pareto analisis, Fishbone diagramAbstract
Material waste is one of the most persistent issues affecting the efficiency, cost, and sustainability of construction projects. In large-scale bridge construction, excessive waste not only escalates project costs but also undermines environmental performance and resource utilization. This study quantitatively evaluates the types, magnitude, and root causes of material waste in the construction of the Main Bridge (MB) STA 6+876, part of the Sigli-Banda Aceh Toll Road project in Indonesia. A descriptive quantitative approach utilised primary data from 70 respondents (owners, contractors, and consultants) and secondary data from project documentation and cost estimates (BoQ). The analysis employed the Pareto method to identify dominant waste contributors, a Fishbone Diagram to determine causal factors, and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to validate the descriptive results. The Pareto analysis revealed that deformed steel bars (BJTD 40) accounted for 84.17% of total material waste costs, followed by structural concrete class B-1-1a at 14.78%. The Fishbone analysis identified unexpected site conditions (weather and soil), errors in ordering and delivery, and inadequate material storage as the primary causes of waste generation. SPSS analysis confirmed the statistical dominance of these factors, supporting the reliability and validity of the findings. The results emphasized the need for enhanced accuracy in material planning, procurement, supervision, workforce training, and risk mitigation. This integrated framework is recommended as a practical reference for improving material efficiency and reducing waste in future infrastructure projects.
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