Journal of Halal Science and Management Research
The Journal of Halal Science and Management Research (JHSMR) is an international peer-reviewed journal advancing interdisciplinary research on the science, governance and management of halal systems and markets. JHSMR examines how scientific knowledge, Shariah principles and management practices shape the quality, integrity, innovation and sustainability of halal products, services and value chains. The journal welcomes research on halal science, Shariah and governance, halal supply chains and markets, technology and digitalisation and sustainability. JHSMR is managed by the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS) and published by UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Assessing Awareness of Halal Food Premises: Issues and Strategic Solutions
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1024; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; margin-left: 6.75pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="0" width="567" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"> In the contemporary era, the food and beverage industry grown rapidly. This can be observed through the rise in the number of premises that have been established currently. This growth provides consumers many types of options. However, this industry is always facing thousands of problems regarding the disobedience of the halal and haram concept, whether during the preparation of the food or its consumption. Therefore, this study aims to measure the awareness among society towards the halal status of premises, analyse the factors of premises not having halal certification and to identify the solution to encourage premises owners to apply for halal certificates. This study used a mixed methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. A survey was conducted on 50 respondents by using Google Forms while qualitative data were obtained through the analysis of journals and articles. The findings show that most of the respondents were concerned about the halal certification of the restaurant. Majority also believe that a sign of ‘no pork’ and ‘no alcohol’ do not guarantee halal compliance due to there being other factors that can influence the halal status. Additionally, three major factors of premises were founded as contributing to the absence of halal certification, which are the strict procedures required by Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), the complicated documentation process and financial problems. As a result, effective solutions are proposed including applying halal certification through MYeHALAL, ensuring raw materials used in the premises have a halal certification or supporting documents from the authority, sending the internal staff to halal training provided by JAKIM to avoid hiring outsiders as halal executives and give a financial support to the premises that want to apply for halal certification.
Nur Fadiah Qistina Audi Mohd Sharifuddin
Copyright (c) 2026 NUR FADIAH QISTINA AUDI BINTI MOHD SHARIFUDDIN, NUR MASITAH ZULKIFLI, AMIRATUL MUNIRAH YAHAYA, RUSNI MOHAMAD https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Isu-Isu Semasa Berkaitan Makanan Halal di Malaysia
Islam is a comprehensive way of life that regulates every aspect of human existence, including food selection. Consuming halal and tayyib food is an obligation for every Muslim. To ensure the integrity of halal food in Malaysia, various initiatives have been implemented by the government, including the establishment of the Trade Descriptions Act 2011 and the Trade Descriptions (Certification and Marking of Halal) Order 2011, as well as the introduction of a halal certification and logo system regulated by the Malaysian Islamic Development Department (JAKIM). However, despite the existence of various regulations and halal governance mechanisms, several issues related to halal food continue to arise in Malaysia. These issues include misuse of halal logos and certificates, weaknesses in halal supply chain management, non-compliance in food labelling, issues involving food premises, and the level of awareness among Muslim consumers. If not addressed effectively, these issues may undermine consumer confidence in the halal certification system. Therefore, this study aims to identify and analyse the main issues pertaining to halal food in Malaysia. The study adopts a qualitative approach through thematic analysis of documents. The findings indicate that the main issues identified include the misuse of halal logos and certificates, the status of food premises, halal supply chain management, and the level of awareness among Muslim consumers regarding the importance of selecting halal food. In this regard, improvements in enforcement, continuous monitoring, and consumer education are essential to enhance public confidence in the halal food system in Malaysia and to ensure the sustainability of the country’s halal industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadziani Yaakub https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
An Empowerment Model of Islamic Crowdfunding Based Charity to Optimize Microfinancing for SMEs
Crowdfunding has emerged as an important alternative financing mechanism for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. However, many early-stage micro entrepreneurs remain financially excluded from conventional banking systems due to stringent collateral requirements, limited credit histories and institutional lending constraints. This financing gap continues to hinder the development and sustainability of grassroots enterprises. In a Muslim majority context, Islamic crowdfunding presents a viable Shariah compliant mechanism that mobilizes community based financial resources to support entrepreneurial development. This study theoretically examines charity based Islamic crowdfunding models as a strategy to optimize microfinancing for early-stage entrepreneurs who lack access to formal financial services. Using a qualitative approach, the research analyzes the integration of Shariah compliant contracts within digital crowdfunding platforms to assess their functional role in supporting Malaysian micro entrepreneurship. The findings suggest that the synergistic application of hibah, qard al-hasan, cash waqf and murabahah contracts enhances monetary circulation and provides SMEs with accessible asset backed liquidity. In addition, digital Islamic crowdfunding platforms overcome geographical limitations and facilitate the mobilization of social wealth for grassroots economic development. The study ultimately proposes a conceptual empowerment model that supports the transition of micro entrepreneurs from financial dependency to economic resilience. By leveraging Shariah compliant financial instruments, the proposed model contributes to strengthening financial inclusion and establishing a sustainable com4munity driven ecosystem for marginalized businesses outside the formal banking sector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Aznaim Abd Latib, Siti Nor Amira Mohamad, Amal Hayati Ishak, Zainur Nadiyah Baharudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cognizance Halal and Wudhu-Friendly Cosmetics Among Halal Management Undergraduates
Halal and wudhu’(ablution)-friendly cosmetics have a similar look but differ in terms of application and cleansing. Halal cosmetics are not generally wudhu-friendly due to their chemical properties, which make them difficult to remove from the skin, particularly with water. Inadequate knowledge of these concepts among youth may lead to confusion and jeopardize the status of worship (Ibadah), regarding the use and cleaning procedures for cosmetics before conducting Islamic rituals. However, awareness of Halal and wudhu-friendly cosmetics can be affected by various of aspects, including religion, education, advertising, and practical application (attitude). The purpose of the research studies was to ascertain the level of cognizance about Halal and wudhu-friendly cosmetics, and identify the factors that most influence the cognizance of Halal and wudhu-friendly cosmetics among undergraduates currently enrolled in Halal Management at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor. The quantitative method was used for data collection and analysis. A total of 100 responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed to assess the influence of contributing factors on the awareness. The results demonstrated that awareness is at a satisfactory level. Education was found to be the factor that most affected Halal- and wudhu-friendly cosmetics. This study might be helpful to authorities when educating the public about halal cosmetics and cosmetic manufacturers, particularly when using marketing and advertising terms such as "halal" and "wudhu-friendly" to ensure the public receives accurate information.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Ain Muhammad Fadil, Farrah Payyadhah Borhan, Muhammad Syukri Mohd Ashmir Wong, Nur Hafizah Harun, Norazlina Mamat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Consumer Perceptions of Unauthorised Halal Signage: A Study of “Muslim-Friendly”, “No Pork No Lard” and “Serve No Pork” Labels in Miri, Sarawak
The use of terms such as “Muslim Friendly”, “No Pork No Lard”, and “Serve No Pork” in food premises is often ambiguous due to the absence of clear definitions or official recognition. These labels are commonly adopted by food entrepreneurs in Malaysia, particularly in regions with diverse cultural backgrounds, such as Sarawak, where they are frequently used as a marketing strategy to attract Muslim customers. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate consumers’ understanding of the halal concept, determine the level of consumer awareness regarding the terms “Muslim Friendly,” “No Pork No Lard,” and “Serve No Pork” used at food premises in Miri, Sarawak, and examine how these terms influence consumers’ purchasing decisions. Data were collected through online questionnaires involving 465 respondents. The responses were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 27.0 serving as the primary analytical tool. Findings revealed that while consumers possess some general awareness of the halal concept, many remain unclear about the precise meaning of terms such as “Muslim Friendly”, “No Pork No Lard”, and “Serve No Pork”. A significant number of respondents mistakenly assumed that these terms signify full compliance with halal standards, which is not necessarily accurate. This paper highlights the importance of clearer labelling practices and responsible marketing by food operators in marketing their food premises and products. Furthermore, the findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and halal authorities on strengthening guidelines for halal food labelling to protect consumer rights and uphold religious sensitivities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Mashitah Shahriman, Nur Hafizah Harun, Muhammad Syukri Mohd Ashmir Wong, Dr. Farrah Payyadhah Borhan, Dr. Norazlina Mamat https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Consumers’ Perceptions and Attitudes toward Halal-Certified Cafés: Evidence from Lombok, Indonesia
The rapid growth of the halal food and beverage industry has increased the importance of understanding consumer behavior toward halal-certified cafés as emerging lifestyle consumption spaces. This study examines consumers’ perceptions and attitudes toward halal-certified cafés and explores how halal awareness, halal certification and labeling, and religious responsibility relate to café visit decisions. The study applied quantitative descriptive design, gathering data from café consumers through an online questionnaire that generated 103 valid responses. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings indicate high halal awareness and strong expectations for visible halal certification, which functions not only as a religious marker but also as a signal of hygiene and quality. Religious responsibility strongly shapes consumer attitudes; however, many respondents do not strictly avoid non-certified cafés, revealing an attitude–behavior gap influenced by lifestyle and situational factors. The study contributes by highlighting that halal attributes operate simultaneously as religious, trust, and quality signals in contemporary café consumption contexts. Practical implications are provided for café operators and policymakers in strengthening consumer confidence in halal-certified establishments.
Copyright (c) 2026 Achlan Fahlevi Royanow, Faiqotul Mala, Herman, Pahrudin, Putri Rizkiyah, Lalu Zul Yusri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Transformation in the Halal Industry: Enhancing Global Trade Competitiveness through an Islamic Business Ethics Framework
<table class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-table-overlap: never; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1024; mso-table-lspace: 9.0pt; margin-left: 6.75pt; mso-table-rspace: 9.0pt; margin-right: 6.75pt; mso-table-anchor-vertical: paragraph; mso-table-anchor-horizontal: column; mso-table-left: left; mso-table-top: .05pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;" border="0" width="567" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"> This study explores the contribution of digital transformation to improving the competitiveness of the halal industry by integrating advanced technologies with Islamic business ethics. It examines the role of emerging technologies—such as blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics—in enhancing transparency, operational efficiency, and accountability across the halal value chain, thereby strengthening consumer trust in product authenticity. Employing a qualitative research design based on a literature review, this study analyzes how digital technologies can reinforce halal industry competitiveness from an Islamic ethical perspective. The findings reveal that the digitalization of halal certification, through initiatives such as SIHALAL and SEHATI, streamlines the halal certification process, particularly for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Digital innovation not only expedites halal verification but also enhances product credibility and market value at the international level. Nevertheless, several challenges persist, including disparities in digital literacy, inadequate technological infrastructure, and limited public awareness regarding the reliability of online halal certification information. In addressing these challenges, the application of Islamic business ethics is essential. Ethical principles such as amanah (trustworthiness), ṣidq (honesty), and ʿadl (justice) should guide the implementation of digital technologies to ensure that digitalization promotes not only economic efficiency but also social equity and public welfare. Integrating Islamic values with digital innovation is expected to foster a competitive, inclusive, and sustainable global halal ecosystem, positioning the halal industry as a key driver of a just and value-based Shariah economy.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eka Junila Saragih, Nia Zulinda, Ari Widiati, Vivi Sri Wahyuni https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Knowledge and perception of Tertiary students on Muslim Women Athletes Sportswear
The usage of sportwear by Muslim women athletes, and the specialty needs facilities for the Muslim athletes including Muslim women athletes and the knowledge of regulations or guidelines that have been set by JAKIM for Muslim women in sports. This study aims to identify the perceptions of UiTM Shah Alam students towards Muslim women sportwear and their participating in sports, to examine the level of knowledge of UiTM Shah Alam Students regarding regulations or guidelines towards Muslim women athletes and their acceptance on the needs of the special facilities for Muslim women athletes. This study adopted a quantitative approach, where data was collected through a survey to 112 respondents of UiTM Shah Alam students which was distributed via online. Descriptive analysis using SPSS Version 27. Findings showed that students demonstrate a strong perception towards Muslim women sportwear and level of knowledge regarding guidelines towards Muslim women athletes and the acceptance of special facilities for Muslim women in sport. In addition, a significant majority acknowledging the importance of the Islamic perspective related to women's participation in sports adherence to religious standards. The study recommends other educational institutions should collaborate with sports organizations and religious scholars to design and implement sports programs specifically tailored for Muslim women and establish campaigns to further enhance awareness regarding the facilities for Muslim women athletes. The rights of women involved in sports should be guaranteed and strengthened through legislation, without any discrimination against women.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ummi Sofia Azri, Noorul Huda Sahari https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Divergent Strategies for Halal Meat Production: A Comparison of Halal Slaughtering Practices in Muslim and Non-Muslim Countries
The increasing global demand for halal meat, propelled by the expanding Muslim population and heightened consumer awareness, has transformed halal meat production into a profitable sector for both Muslim and non-Muslim countries. This increase has prompted questions regarding the integrity of halal slaughtering practices (HSPs), particularly in light of claims of fraud and inconsistencies. This study is an attempt to provide a comparative review of HSPs in Muslim countries (Brunei, Malaysia, Indonesia) and non-Muslim countries (Australia, United Kingdom), concentrating on pre-slaughter, slaughter, and post-slaughter procedures. The study used qualitative approaches, combining semi-structured interviews with stakeholders with document analysis of guidelines, certification and standards. The data were analysed thematically to uncover cross-country similarities and differences in HSPs. Principal issues encompass divergent interpretations of Islamic law, inconsistency in certification criteria, and disagreements on techniques such as stunning. The study emphasises the necessity of standardising halal regulations to fulfil religious requirements and enhance consumer confidence, providing suggestions for the advancement of global halal standards governance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zahirah Azmar, Zeiad Amjad Aghwan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Student’s Halal Awareness of Dining at Korean Restaurants
Korean cuisine is fast gaining international acceptance, particularly among younger generations, since Korean pop culture has established itself as a media powerhouse. Muslim customers are not excluded from having a strong enthusiasm in and desire for Korean cuisine as it grows in popularity. The problem arises when some of the available Korean restaurants in Malaysia do not have halal certification from Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM), besides the issue of confusing Korean terms used for their menus. The aim of this research is to determine the factors affecting dining intention and to analyse the level of halal awareness of dining at Korean restaurants among students at the Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies (ACIS), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. This study adopted the quantitative method where the primary data were collected through 318 sets of survey questionnaire distributed to the target respondents. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 28.0 to obtain the frequency, percentage, and mean of responses. From the findings, 68% respondents agreed that utilitarian value is the main factor that affects the intention of dining at Korean restaurants. Their level of halal awareness of dining at Korean restaurants is also high, where 78.9% of the respondents will avoid dining at Korean restaurants without a halal logo. In conclusion, the Muslims students from ACIS, UiTM Shah Alam are cautious about the halalness of the food they consume, particularly in Korean restaurants.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Aisyah Syafiqah Azizan, Nadiah Ramlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring The Lived Experiences of Social Media Influencers in Shaping Halal Consumer Behavior Through Digital Engagement
In the age of digital transformation, social media has emerged as a powerful platform influencing consumer behavior across various sectors, including the halal industry. This study aims to explore how social media influencers shape halal consumer behavior through digital engagement, focusing on the Malaysian context. Guided by a qualitative phenomenological design, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with five Muslim influencers (n=5) and thematic analysis generated three overarching themes which are building consumer trust through original content, applying education strategies to develop halal consciousness and balancing moral imperatives in influencing purchase behavior. These findings enhance the knowledge of digital halal marketing and guide policymakers and marketers on how to align social media efforts with Islamic values. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of ethical marketing in the halal ecosystem and highlight the strategic role influencers play in promoting Shariah-compliant consumerism.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Radfiq Razali, Zakiah Samori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Halal Branding and Trust-Building: Lessons from Nestlé Malaysia’s Crisis Management and Community Engagement
Halal integrity is central to brand trust, especially in Muslim-majority markets where consumers demand authenticity, ethical practices, and strict adherence to Islamic dietary principles. Despite Malaysia’s global status as a halal hub, the industry continues to face recurring challenges, including certification disputes, inconsistent standards, and public scandals, which have eroded consumer confidence. These issues raise a key problem for multinational corporations: how to safeguard halal trust during crisis while fostering long-term consumer loyalty. This paper examines Nestlé Malaysia, the Group’s global Halal Centre of Excellence, through a qualitative case study. Data were drawn from corporate reports, regulatory releases, and media coverage to analyse two areas: (i) Nestlé’s response to the 2023 Halal Food Council of Europe (HFCE) delisting, and (ii) its community engagement initiatives, including Halal@School, the IKIM halal podcast, SME Mentoring, and sustainable agriculture programmes such as the Chilli Club, Paddy Club, and NESCAFÉ Grown Respectfully. Findings reveal that Nestlé’s transparent and swift response to the HFCE delisting restored consumer trust, while its long-term community efforts reinforced brand loyalty and positioned the company as a thought leader in halal excellence. The study concludes that halal branding extends beyond certification; it requires a balanced approach combining crisis management with proactive community engagement to sustain consumer confidence and leadership in the halal industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurzahidah Jaapar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Permissible and Prohibited Animals in Islam: Insights from the Qur’an and Hadis
This article explores the Islamic dietary laws regarding halal and haram animals as derived from the Qur’an and authentic hadis. The fundamental principle in Islamic jurisprudence is that all good and wholesome (ṭayyib) things are permissible, while harmful and impure (khabīth) things are prohibited. Evidence from the Qur’an highlights the permissibility of most four-legged and aquatic animals, with certain restrictions, while the Hadith of the Prophet (PBUH) further clarifies specific rulings on animals such as locusts, horses, rabbits, and birds that do not prey on other creatures. Conversely, explicit prohibitions include pork, dead animals, flowing blood, and those slaughtered in the name of other than Allah, alongside animals with fangs, predatory birds, coprophagous animals, and creatures forbidden to be killed. This study also discusses the principle of necessity (ḍarūrah) which allows exceptions in dire circumstances. The findings affirm that Islamic dietary law is not only based on textual evidence but also emphasizes health, cleanliness, and the preservation of human life, reflecting Islam’s holistic approach to lawful consumption.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurulaina Saidin, Mohd Ashrof Zaki Yaakob https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Challenges of Implementing Halal Assurance Practices in an Organic Halal-Certified Slaughterhouse at Negeri Sembilan
The primary purpose of Halal Assurance practices is to support an industry that upholds Islamic morality and ethical standards, guaranteeing that consumers are receiving not only permissible but also safe and healthy food. This study explores the difficulties faced by a Halal-Certified slaughterhouse for organic chicken located at Nilai, Negeri Sembilan to face the world explosive growth of halal market. The study names financial limitation, challenges in recruiting expert personnel in managing halal slaughtering process and product traceability concerns as the main roadblocks. Through qualitative interviews with the Internal halal committee members, this study identifies key obstacles to upholding halal standards, including insufficient funding for training and equipment and labour-intensive manual traceability systems. The study also found the strategic solutions by Delima Emas, such as streamlining operations, improving training programs and upgrading traceability systems with digital recordkeeping and advanced analytics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ahmad Al-Ihsan Al-Azmi, Anis Hamizah Hamid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Media Algorithms and Halal Perception in Malaysia
In today’s algorithm-driven digital age, Islamic and Halal content is often promoted not for its authenticity or quality, but for its ability to attract engagement, frequently amplified by deceptive artificial intelligence (AI) systems. This article examines how viral trends and algorithms shape public perceptions of the Halal concept online, particularly through sensational, divisive, or misleading Islamic content. The study aims to assess Muslim users’ responses to online Halal-related material and evaluate the influence of algorithmic curation on their perceptions and decisions. Using a qualitative approach such as content analysis, findings reveal that platform algorithms contribute to misinformation, confusion, and a distorted understanding of Halal principles. Furthermore, the absence of specific digital ethics guidelines for Islamic-Halal content enables misuse of the “halal” label. This paper proposes an Islamic media ethics framework grounded in Maqasid Shariah and digital media literacy to promote authentic, responsible, and positive online discourse. The study underscores the need for proactive governance and collaboration between media actors, policymakers, and Halal authorities to safeguard the integrity of Islamic content in the digital sphere.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, Nur Liana Izzaty Rosli, Muhammad Irhammudin Ibrahim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Memposisikan Jenayah Makanan Dalam Wacana Fiqh al-‘Uqūbah: Kajian Awal
Food crime is a serious issue often occurs within the food industry. It also impacted halal food supply chain, where halal integrity can no longer be maintained due to unethical act of food crime. Various studies has discussed on food crime, however, there are very few discussing from the perspective of fiqh al-‘uqūbah (Jurisprudence of punishment) in Islam. Therefore, this study was conducted to discuss food crime within the framework of fiqh al-‘uqūbah to enlighten their relationship. To achieve the research objectives, this study involves collecting data through literature review and analysis by utlizing qualitative approach. Based on the study findings, there are relationship between food crime in fiqh al-‘uqūbah through the concept of takzir (discretionary punishments). Therefore, based on the principles of Islamic fiqh al-‘uqūbah, food crime analysed through the pillar of crime (arkān al-jarīmah) and fits with the definition of crime from Islamic perspective. Jenayah makanan merupakan isu serius yang sering berlaku di dalam industri makanan. Ia juga terjadi di dalam rantaian bekalan makanan halal, di mana integriti halal tidak lagi dapat dipelihara. Terdapat kajian-kajian terdahulu yang telah membahaskan berkenaan dengan jenayah makanan, namun kebanyakannya tidak begitu membincangkan berkenaan dengan perspektif fiqh al-‘uqūbah (fiqh hukuman) di dalam Islam. Kajian ini dilaksanakan bagi membahaskan jenayah makanan dalam kerangka fiqh al-‘uqūbah. Bagi menjawab objektif kajian, kajian ini melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui kajian literatur dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Berdasarkan dapatan kajian, terdapat dalil dari nas yang berkaitan dengan jenayah makanan di dalam Islam. Justeru, ia dapat dihubungkan melalui hukuman takzir berdasarkan fiqh al-‘uqūbah. Berdasarkan prinsip dalam jenayah Islam, jenayah makanan menepati rukun-rukun jenayah dalam Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Afiq Abd Razak, Mohd Anuar Ramli, Mohd Zaid Daud https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
A Gap Identification in Muslim-Friendly Hotel Research in Malaysia: A Systematic Literature Review Approach
The Muslim-Friendly Hotel (MFH) is a concept introduced by the hotel industry to cater for a market segment that seeks accommodations that meet specific characteristics. Despite the increase of MFH establishments worldwide, research in this area is still in its infancy, and this study aims to investigate the immature areas related to MFH research. This study is conducted using the systematic review, following the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) guidelines. Overall, the themes indicate gaps in current literature as these themes evolved around issues related to hotel facilities, regulations, standardisation, sustainable practice involving environmental issues and guest acceptance.
Copyright (c) 2025 Noraini Rahim, Wan Rusni Wan Ismail, Nuradibah Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Redhuan Abu Bakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Konsep Untung Patut dari Perspektif Kewangan Islam
Trading is a daily human activity aimed at fulfilling basic needs, providing comfort, and generating income through profits. Islam does not prohibit this activity; in fact, according to al-Jarjawi, trading falls under the category of collective obligation (fardu kifayah) as it serves the essential needs of society. Islam does not restrict sellers from gaining profit from their sales, nor does it rigidly stipulate or impose a specific ceiling on the level of profit attained. However, at the same time, Islam emphasizes that profit must be free from any elements of deception. The objective of this study is to discuss the concept of reasonable profit in determining profit margins within Islamic finance. The methodology used is qualitative design with library research through references to theses, journals, newspapers, and scholarly books relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that the concept of fair profit should serve as a benchmark for Muslim producers and sellers in ensuring a healthy market norm and fulfilling consumer needs. This is evident in situations where essential goods become unaffordable for consumers, thereby necessitating government intervention to restore the balance between demand and supply, while preventing projects ready for sale from being abandoned due to consumers’ inability to purchase. Jual beli merupakan satu aktiviti kehidupan seharian manusia yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi keperluan asas, keselesaan malah mencari pendapatan melalui keuntungan yang diperolehi. Islam tidak menghalang aktiviti jual beli ini, malah menurut al-Jarjawi bahawa jual beli termasuk dalam konteks fardu kifayah kerana ia memenuhi keperluan manusia. Islam tidak menghalang penjual daripada mengaut keuntungan daripada jualan tersebut. Malah, Islam juga tidak menetapkan secara rigid atau had bagi kadar keuntungan tertentu yang dicapai. Namun dalam masa yang sama Islam tetap menekankan bahawa keuntungan yang diperolehi mestilah tidak mempunyai unsur-unsur palsu. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk membincangkan konsep untung patut dalam menentukan kadar keuntungan jualan mengikut kewangan Islam. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah kualitatif melalui kajian perpustakaan dengan merujuk kepada tesis, jurnal, akhbar dan juga buku ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan tajuk kajian. Berdasarkan kajian yang dijalankan, konsep untung patut seharusnya menjadi penanda aras kepada pengeluar atau penjual Islam bagi memastikan norma pasaran yang baik dan dapat memenuhi kehendak pelanggan. Ini terbukti apabila terdapat keperluan asas yang menyebabkan pelanggan tidak mampu, maka kerajaan perlu campur tangan untuk memastikan keseimbangan semula permintaan dan penawaran serta mengelakkan projek yang sedia untuk dijual dan tidak terbiar kerana kemampuan pelanggan untuk membeli.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Zuhaili Saiman, Izzati Farhana Mahadzir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Character of Unit Trust Consultants in Influencing the Islamic Investment Behaviour and Intention
Investing in Islamic unit trust funds involves complex decision-making influenced by factors such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, religiosity, and the character of unit trust consultants. This paper examines the relationship between Islamic investment behaviour (IIB) which comprises attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and religiosity and investors’ intention to invest in Islamic unit trusts. Additionally, it assesses the moderating effect of consultant characteristics (personal traits, involvement, promotion, and competency). A quantitative approach using a survey of 291 respondents in Southern Malaysia revealed that IIB significantly influences investment intention. Moreover, the character of consultants significantly moderates this relationship. These findings have theoretical implications for extending the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) with religiosity and practical implications for consultant training and Islamic financial product marketing.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Saufee Anuar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Potensi Inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) dalam aplikasi Farmaseutikal dan Kosmetik Halal: Analisis Tematik berdasarkan Kitab al-Tibb al-Nabawi oleh Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah
Lawsonia inermis L. commonly known “inai” (henna) has long been recognized in Malay ethnobotanical practices as a natural dye, particularly for coloring grey hair, treating minor wounds, postnatal care, circumcision wounds, and various skin inflammations. With the advancement of modern science, numerous studies have explored its phytochemical and pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. These therapeutic potentials have increasingly attracted attention from the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, especially in the development of plant-based halal cosmetic products. This study applies a qualitative approach through textual analysis of the classical Islamic medical text al-Tibb al-Nabawi written by Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. The Objective is to compile and examine the discourse surrounding the potential use of henna in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The findings from this classical text are then compared with contemporary scientific research on Lawsonia inermis, particularly within the context of its pharmacological and cosmetic relevance. Thematic analysis of al-Tibb al-Nabawi reveals that henna was traditionally used to treat burn wounds, ulcers, headaches, foot pain, oral thrush, and leprosy. These findings closely align with modern scientific evidence, which demonstrates henna’s wound healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. This study confirms the significant potential of Lawsonia inermis as a foundational ingredient in the development of halal pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. It is hopes that this research will contribute to a holistic understanding of the value and potential of henna within the framework of Islamic medical heritage and contemporary halal industries. Inai (Lawsonia inermis L.) telah dikenali sejak dahulu dalam amalan etnobotani Melayu sebagai bahan pewarna alami, mewarnai uban, rawatan luka ringan, rawatan berkhatan, keradangan kulit, dan merawat luka selepas bersalin. Seiring perkembangan sains moden, kajian saintifik telah meneliti potensi dalam bidang fitokimia, dan farmakologi, seperti kajian antimikrob, antioksidan, antiradang dan antikanser. Potensi terapeutik inai turut menarik perhatian daripada industri farmaseutikal dan kosmestik, khususnya dalam pembangunan produk kosmetik halal berasaskan tumbuhan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis teks kitab al-Tibb al-Nabawi karangan Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah untuk menghimpunkan perbincangan mengenai potensi inai dalam dua bidang farmaseutikal dan kosmetik. Hasil dapatan ini dibandingkan dengan penemuan kajian saintifik moden berkaitan Lawsonia inermis khususnya dibandingkan dalam aspek farmaseutikal dan kosmetik. Hasil tematik terhadap kandungan kitab al-Tibb al-Nabawi karangan Ibn Qayyim mendapati bahawa Inai digunakan sebagai bahan rawatan luka akibat terbakar, merawat kudis, rawatan sakit kepala, sakit kaki, seriawan dan kusta. Penemuan ini mempunyai persamaan yang ketara dengan kajian sains moden yang menunjukkan inai memiliki sifat penyembuh luka, antimikrob dan antiradang. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa inai memiliki potensi yang signifikan sebagai bahan asas dalam pembangunan produk farmaseutikal dan kosmetik halal. Diharap dapat memberikan gambaran menyeluruh terhadap nilai dan potensi inai sebagai bahan asas dalam pembangunan produk farmaseutikal dan kosmetik halal yang berasaskan warisan perubatan Islam.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Remy Othman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Elemen Kritikal Hotel Patuh Syariah: Kajian Kes Di Malaysia
The Islamic hospitality industry in Malaysia has witnessed rapid growth in line with the increasing awareness of Muslim travelers regarding the importance of Shariah-compliant accommodation services. However, the existence of various labels such as Muslim-friendly, halal hotel and Shariah-compliant without a standardized framework has created confusion among consumers and inconsistencies in industry practices. This study aims to identify the critical elements that should be embedded in Shariah-compliant hotels in Malaysia, guided by the principles of Maqasid al-Shariah and the expectations of Muslim tourists. A qualitative approach was employed through content analysis of official certification documents, industry reports, and relevant literature published between 2020 and 2025. The findings highlight six key elements: compliance with halal food and beverages, provision of prayer facilities, gender segregation in hotel amenities, prohibition of non-Shariah-compliant activities, adoption of Islamic work culture, and official certification along with consumer awareness. The study also examines compliance gaps based on current standards such as MS2610:2015 and JAKIM’s 2023 Guidelines for Shariah-Compliant Hotel Certification. The results offer important implications for policymakers, certification bodies, and hotel operators in formulating more consistent and structured strategies grounded in Islamic values. In conclusion, strengthening the systematic implementation of Shariah-compliant hotels has the potential to enhance Malaysia’s reputation as a global hub for Islamic tourism. Industri hospitaliti Islam di Malaysia menunjukkan perkembangan pesat seiring dengan peningkatan kesedaran pelancong Muslim terhadap keperluan pematuhan syariah dalam perkhidmatan penginapan. Namun begitu, kewujudan pelbagai label seperti Muslim-friendly, hotel halal dan patuh syariah tanpa piawaian yang seragam telah menimbulkan kekeliruan dalam kalangan pengguna dan ketidakselarasan dalam pelaksanaan di peringkat industri. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti elemen-elemen kritikal yang perlu diterapkan dalam hotel patuh syariah di Malaysia berdasarkan prinsip Maqasid Syariah dan kehendak pelancong Muslim. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan terhadap dokumen pensijilan rasmi, laporan industri, serta sokongan kajian literatur dari tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Dapatan kajian mengenal pasti enam elemen utama yang merangkumi pematuhan terhadap makanan dan minuman halal, penyediaan kemudahan ibadah, pengasingan jantina dalam fasiliti hotel, larangan aktiviti tidak patuh syariah, pengamalan budaya kerja Islam, serta pensijilan rasmi dan kesedaran pengguna. Kajian ini juga menganalisis jurang pematuhan berdasarkan standard semasa seperti MS2610:2015 dan Garis Panduan Pensijilan Hotel Patuh Syariah JAKIM 2023. Hasil kajian ini memberi implikasi penting kepada pembuat dasar, agensi pensijilan, dan pengusaha hotel dalam merangka strategi pelaksanaan yang lebih konsisten, berstruktur dan berpaksikan nilai-nilai Islam. Kesimpulannya, pemerkasaan pelaksanaan hotel patuh syariah secara sistematik berpotensi meningkatkan reputasi Malaysia sebagai hab pelancongan Islam bertaraf global.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nur Husna Abd Rahman, Rafidah Mohd Azli, Nursafra Mohd Zhaffar, Mohd Azam Yahya, Siti Nadiah Babge https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analisis Konseptual Aplikasi Wakalah dalam Perkhidmatan Ibadah Komersial di Malaysia dari Perspektif Perundangan Islam
This study aims to analyse conceptually the application of wakalah (agency) in religious service provisions such as charity, ritual animal sacrifice, and pilgrimage, which have been extensively commercialized among the Malaysian Muslim community. The wakalah principle serves as a pivotal mechanism for fulfilling religious obligations and social welfare through formal agencies comprising public sector entities, private institutions, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Although wakalah is firmly grounded in Islamic legal tradition, the contemporary implementation of wakalah raises several critical issues, particularly concerning the validity of delegated religious acts and the commercial appeal driving agency participation in these services. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study conducts content analysis of classical fiqh texts, relevant legal provisions, and existing religious service guidelines. The data is analysed descriptively to assess the appropriateness of wakalah practices within the framework of Islamic jurisprudence. The findings indicate a strong legal basis for wakalah in religious services; however, its commercial implementation necessitates closer attention to transparency, Shariah compliance, and the protection of stakeholder rights of both principals (muwakkil) and agents (wakil). Accordingly, this study proposes the development of a Code of Ethics for Commercial Religious Services as a proactive measure to ensure ethical conduct and regulatory oversight in wakalah-based implementations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Nazril Saad, Muhammad Safwan Harun, Muhammad Ikhlas Rosele https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Concept of Resilience Based on the Shafi’i School of Thought: Exploring Key Themes for Developing Halal Ecosystem
The concept of resilience has gained growing significance in the discourse surrounding the development of a sustainable and responsive halal ecosystem. As the global halal industry continues to expand, it faces significant challenges, and there is an urgent need to ensure long-term integrity and continuity through a resilient halal ecosystem. In this context, the concept of a halal ecosystem emerges as an area that demands such an integrated approach. Therefore, the Shafi’i school of thought offers a profound jurisprudential foundation. To address these concerns, the primary objective of this study is to explore key themes within the Shafi’i school of thought that can serve as jurisprudential and ethical guiding principles for strengthening a resilient halal ecosystem. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study conducts a structured review of both classical legal texts and contemporary scholarly literature on the definition of resilience, halal governance, sustainability, and Islamic legal theory. This paper proposes an integrated framework based on the Shafi’i school of thought to develop a resilient halal ecosystem that is both jurisprudentially sound and morally robust. An integrated framework of six behavioural attributes based on the Organisational Resilience Model (ORM) and eight Islamic values are identified. The study highlights how the systematic methodology and ethical vision of the Shafi’i school of thought can shape a more accountable, spiritually aligned, and socially sustainable halal ecosystem.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Majidah Rahim, Norkhairiah Hashim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Rise of Halal Beauty in Muslim-Minority Country: A Case Study of a Japanese Halal Beauty Brand
The global halal industry has experienced significant expansion beyond the food sector, extending into various domains, including cosmetics. This growth is evident not only in Muslim-majority countries but also in regions with smaller Muslim populations, reflecting a broader consumer interest in ethical and sustainable products. The global halal cosmetics market was valued at approximately USD 47.76 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 115.03 billion by 2032, with a CAGR of 11.67%. In Japan, where awareness of halal beauty remains limited, businesses face unique challenges in establishing and promoting halal-certified products. Therefore, this study explores the rise of halal beauty in Japan through a case study of Hajime Skincare, a halal cosmetic brand in Osaka. The research examines the motivations and challenges behind launching a halal beauty brand, marketing strategies for promoting halal cosmetics, and the certification process in Japan for biochemical products. Data was collected through an in-depth interview with the brand owner. Findings reveal increasing demand for halal cosmetics, driven by ethical consumerism and Muslim-friendly tourism. However, challenges persist, particularly in raising public awareness of halal principles and sourcing halal-certified ingredients. This is especially significant for Hajime Skincare, which produces collagen and elastin-based products, as obtaining halal-compliant sources for these ingredients is complex. The study emphasises the necessity of enhanced consumer education to foster the growth of Japan’s halal beauty industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Majidah Rahim, Fatin Nabilah Zaini, Nor Surilawana Sulaiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Masa Depan Industri Hotel Halal di Malaysia dan Indonesia: Analisis Cabaran dan Peluang Strategik
The halal hotel industry is a vital component of the rapidly growing global Islamic tourism sector. This study explores the future of halal hotels in Malaysia and Indonesia by examining key challenges and strategic opportunities in both countries. The findings highlight major barriers such as the lack of universal halal certification standards, limitations in basic infrastructure, and uneven levels of industry awareness. Nevertheless, significant opportunities emerge through the adoption of digital technology, the rising demand from Muslim travelers, and the potential for stronger bilateral cooperation. The study proposes development strategies that include policy empowerment, capacity building of human resources, and comprehensive integration of tourism with Islamic values. The implications of this research are expected to guide policymakers, industry players, and academics in formulating holistic strategies to strengthen the position of Malaysia and Indonesia as leading halal hotel hubs in Southeast Asia. Industri hotel halal merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam pembangunan pelancongan Islam global yang berkembang pesat. Kajian ini meneliti masa depan industri hotel halal di Malaysia dan Indonesia dengan memberi tumpuan terhadap cabaran utama serta peluang strategik yang wujud dalam kedua-dua negara. Dapatan utama kajian mengenal pasti isu ketidaksejagatan piawaian pensijilan halal, kekangan infrastruktur asas, serta tahap kesedaran industri yang tidak seimbang sebagai penghalang pertumbuhan. Namun begitu, peluang besar muncul melalui pemanfaatan teknologi digital, peningkatan permintaan pelancong Muslim, dan potensi kerjasama dua hala yang lebih erat. Kajian ini mencadangkan strategi pembangunan yang merangkumi pemerkasaan dasar, peningkatan kapasiti sumber manusia, serta integrasi antara pelancongan dan nilai-nilai Islam secara menyeluruh. Implikasi hasil kajian ini berpotensi membantu pembuat dasar, pemain industri dan penggiat akademik dalam merangka strategi holistik ke arah memperkukuh kedudukan Malaysia dan Indonesia sebagai hab hotel halal utama di Asia Tenggara.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rafidah Mohd Azli, Siti Nur Husna Abd Rahman, Nursafra Mohd Zhaffar, Muhammad Adnan Pitchan, Fauzia Ulirrahmi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Evaluating Syariah and Technical Knowledge Among Halal Supervisors in Brunei Darussalam
In Brunei Darussalam, halal supervisors are crucial for upholding the integrity of halal-certified in the food establishments. Their role necessitates a comprehensive understanding of Syariah principles and technical knowledge. Although many supervisors have strong religious foundations, concerns have been raised regarding their technical proficiency in executing halal procedures, encompassing discrepancies in ingredient lists, monitoring, and adherence to established halal standards. This study seeks to assess the proficiency in Syariah and technical knowledge of halal supervisors in Brunei, concentrating on their readiness to guarantee the effectiveness of halal compliance. This study focused on halal-certified restaurants in Brunei Darussalam. Quantitative approach was used for data collection through structured questionnaires and a total of 236 respondents participated in the study. The study employed an Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and ranged between 0.79 and 0.93, indicating strong agreement among the experts regarding item relevance. Descriptive analysis uses Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for which involved frequency and mean value. The results have shown that the level of knowledge of halalan tayyiban is high in syariah with a mean score of 4.727 and technical aspects with 4.662. The findings revealed that supervisors possess strong Syariah and technical knowledge specifically regarding the comprehension of halal and implementation of halal standards established by Brunei regulatory bodies. Thus, by enhancing both dimensions are essential for maintaining the credibility and operational reliability of Brunei’s halal certification system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Halal Science and Management Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Meta-analysis of Factors Shaping Risk Management and Adoption of Equity-based Financing in Islamic Banking
Equity-based financing lies at the heart of Islamic banking’s ethical promise, yet its real-world adoption remains limited. This study brings together findings from 47 empirical studies and 129 correlations to explore what drives or hinders stakeholder engagement with contracts like Mushārakah and Mudarabah. Through meta-analysis, three consistent predictors emerge: risk perception, regulatory support, and institutional trust. Risk perception shows an evident negative influence, especially in developing economies where institutional safeguards are weaker. In contrast, strong regulatory frameworks and trust in financial institutions play enabling roles, encouraging adoption across diverse contexts. Moderator analysis reveals that economic context significantly shapes how risk is perceived, while contract type does not appear to alter adoption patterns. Robustness checks, including sensitivity analysis and Fail-Safe Number tests, confirm the reliability of these findings. Taken together, the results offer both theoretical clarity and practical direction, highlighting the need for stronger governance, transparent communication, and trust-building strategies to unlock the full potential of equity-based finance in Islamic banking. Future research should explore cultural and behavioural dimensions and track how adoption evolves as institutions mature.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siti Nor Amira Mohamad, Amal Hayati Ishak, Darmawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0