IJAD is indexed in MyCite. The International Journal of Art and Design (IJAD) (e-ISSN: 2710-5776) is a peer-reviewed journal committed to advancing scholarship in the domains of Creative Arts, Visual Communication, Design Technology, and Humanities. With biannual publication cycles (April & October), IJAD provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research articles that explore both theoretical advancements and practical applications within the realm of art and design. IJAD serves as a nexus for researchers, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange across diverse disciplinary boundaries. We welcome original research papers and state-of-the-art reviews that contribute to the evolving discourse in art and design. Furthermore, IJAD endeavors to promote a culture of scholarly writing and publication among academics, both within and beyond the Universiti Teknologi MARA community. By encouraging active engagement with the research process, we seek to elevate the visibility and impact of scholarly work in the field. Also available at GOOGLE SCHOLAR and ASCI. IJAD ensures global visibility and accessibility for published content, facilitating wider dissemination and engagement with the latest developments in art and design research.
Perception on Colour and Typography Used in Local Sarawak Packaging
Colour and typography play a pivotal role in packaging design by capturing attention, reflecting brand identity, and conveying essential product information. These elements exert a stronger visual influence than many other factors, as they evoke emotions and shape consumer perceptions. Strategic application of colour and typography ensures product visibility, enhances brand recognition, and effectively communicates marketing messages, thereby influencing purchasing decisions. Prioritising these elements in packaging is vital for establishing brand presence and achieving market success. Although packaging design is becoming increasingly important in competitive markets, many local Sarawak products have yet to reflect this trend. This study evaluates consumer responses to newly designed packaging that focuses on typographic and colour elements for local Sarawak products. A qualitative approach was employed, using interviews to gain participant insights on ideal typefaces and colour schemes. These findings were validated through direct responses regarding design effectiveness. Incorporating indigenous colour palettes and typographic styles rooted in Sarawak's cultural and natural heritage can effectively express authenticity and product origin. Keywords: Colour, Local Sarawak Packaging, Packaging, Sarawak Product, Typography
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Animating Heritage: The Sidek Family in Roles in Cultural Branding and Retail Engagement
The Sidek family legacy in Malaysian badminton has transcended sports, evolving into a powerful cultural brand through its animated series, Anak-Anak Sidek. This study explores how the visual narrative of the Sidek brothers, rooted in perseverance, discipline, and national pride has been leveraged to shape cultural branding and consumer experiences across retail contexts, both online and offline. The biographical comic and the animation series of Anak-Anak Sidek has immortalized the family’s journey and is also seen as a strategic tool for identity formation, a symbol of national pride and fostering emotional connections with audiences. Drawing parallels to global franchises like Upin & Ipin and Boboiboy, the Sidek animation exemplifies how local art can drive commercial success, from merchandise and memorabilia to digital platforms. The popularity of the animation has spurred demand for Sidek-branded products, such as comics, apparel, and badminton equipment, sold in physical stores. The recent retrospective experiential marketing like exhibition at the Sultan Alam Shah Museum transformed the story into an immersive retail experience where visitors engaged with trophies, stamps and interactive displays which could enhance emotional connection to the brand. This study highlights the Sidek Family’s role in redefining national identity through visual arts and branding.
Understanding Cross-Cultural Variations in Organic Food Purchasing Within Retail Context: A Motivations-Barriers Framework
The global organic food market has expanded rapidly, surpassing USD 200 billion in 2023, yet adoption rates remain uneven across cultural contexts. While consumer motivations such as health consciousness, environmental concern, and ethical values drive demand, barriers including price sensitivity and skepticism toward certification continue to inhibit widespread adoption. Existing studies often examine these drivers in isolation or within single-country settings, limiting cross-cultural generalizability. This conceptual paper develops the Culture-Motivation-Barrier (CMB) framework, integrating Hofstede’s cultural dimensions with the Theory of Planned Behaviour to explain how cultural values moderate the salience of motivations and barriers in shaping organic food purchasing. The framework highlights how individualism and collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation influence consumer decision pathways, while also acknowledging the role of economic moderators such as price sensitivity. From a retailing perspective, the framework underscores the importance of tailoring product labelling, in-store communication, and certification strategies to align with cultural expectations. Theoretically, this work bridges cultural psychology and sustainable consumption, advancing understanding of cross-national differences in consumer behavior. Practically, it offers actionable insights for marketers, retailers, and policymakers to design culturally responsive strategies that foster sustainable food consumption and contribute to global sustainability goals.
The Impact of Buddhist Thought on the Ideology of Jin Dynasty Painting in China
This study investigates the transformative influence of Buddhist philosophy on the ideological structure of painting during the Jin Dynasty (265–420 CE) in China. Employing a qualitative methodology that combines iconographic analysis, historical contextualization, and descriptive interpretation, the research focuses on representative artworks to explore how Buddhist metaphysical principles reshaped visual expression. The study reveals that core Buddhist concepts—such as śūnyatā (emptiness), karma (causality), and transcendence—significantly influenced the shift from representational accuracy to philosophical symbolism. Visual strategies such as negative space, abstract brushwork, and cyclical composition emerged as aesthetic responses to Buddhist cosmology. Furthermore, the findings suggest that Buddhist ideology reframed the painter’s role as a spiritual mediator, elevating painting from decorative function to contemplative practice. This redefinition paralleled broader socio-cultural transitions, including the syncretism of Buddhist and indigenous qi-based worldviews during a politically fragmented era. Methodologically, the research bridges the disciplines of art history, religious studies, and visual semiotics, contributing to a more nuanced understanding of how ideology is encoded within aesthetic forms. The study ultimately argues that the ideological transformation of Jin Dynasty painting under Buddhist influence laid critical groundwork for the development of Chinese art’s introspective and symbolic dimensions, which would later mature in subsequent dynasties. By situating visual culture within its philosophical and historical framework, the paper offers a deeper appreciation of Buddhism’s enduring role in shaping Chinese artistic identity.
Aesthetic Persuasion: How Artistic Packaging and Visual Storytelling Drive Cosmetic Brand Choices
In the intensely competitive cosmetics market, brands must transcend mere functionality to engage consumers through sensory and emotional appeal. This study investigates how artistic packaging and visual storytelling serve as mechanisms of aesthetic persuasion that shape cosmetic brand choice, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) as a conceptual foundation. It is theorized that these aesthetic cues influence attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, which in turn affect purchase intention. To empirically validate the proposed framework, this study will employ a quantitative research design involving an online survey of 200 cosmetic consumers. Measurement items will be adapted from established scales in prior literature, ensuring content validity. Data will be analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the hypothesized relationships and assess the model’s predictive power. The findings are expected to provide theoretical contributions by extending TPB to aesthetic persuasion contexts and practical implications for cosmetic marketers aiming to leverage artistic branding strategies to influence consumer choice.
Enhancing User Engagement with Ergonomic E-Waste Recycling Bins in Retail Environments
Electronic waste (e-waste) disposal remains a significant environmental challenge in Malaysia, particularly within urban retail environments. This study aims to understand the factors that influence consumers’ intentions to recycle e-waste, focusing on Generation Y. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the research examines how attitudes, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, influencer credibility, and ergonomic design impact recycling intentions. An online survey will be collected from 200 respondents via purposive sampling, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) will be used for analysis. The findings are expected to show that positive attitudes, perceived ease of recycling, strong social norms, and credible influencer attributes significantly increase the intention to recycle e-waste. Ergonomic design features are also anticipated to enhance perceived behavioural control. The study concludes that promoting awareness, improving design, and leveraging social influence can effectively increase e-waste recycling participation. The contribution of this research lies in providing actionable insights for retailers and policymakers to develop effective strategies that boost recycling efforts and support sustainable waste management in Malaysia.
Smart Retail, Smarter Decisions: Conceptualizing the Antecedents of Consumer Intention to Use Intelligent Retail Systems
Smart retail technologies are reshaping the retail landscape by integrating advanced digital innovations such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and automation into consumer shopping experiences. These intelligent systems, which include features like automated checkouts, AI-driven product recommendations, and smart shopping carts, promise to enhance operational efficiency and deliver personalized, seamless customer interactions. However, despite their potential, consumer intention to adopt such technologies varies significantly across different markets and cultural contexts. This conceptual paper investigates the underlying antecedents influencing consumer intention to use intelligent retail systems by synthesizing insights from established technology adoption theories including the Technology Acceptance Model, the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and hedonic motivation theory. Through a systematic review of 93 recent studies on smart retail technologies, this study identifies various influential factors such as trust, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, animacy, emotional engagement, and motivational drivers. The paper also highlights global trends in smart retail adoption while emphasizing the unique challenges and opportunities in emerging markets such as Malaysia. By proposing a comprehensive conceptual framework, this study offers theoretical and practical insights for designing consumer-centric intelligent retail solutions that foster greater acceptance and sustainable engagement.
Virtual Art Applications in Promoting Local Entrepreneurial Products on Shopee Malaysia
Virtual art has emerged as a transformative force in the evolving landscape of digital retail, particularly within e-commerce platforms such as Shopee Malaysia. This review critically examines the role of virtual art encompassing digital illustrations, augmented visuals, motion graphics, and immersive design elements in promoting products by local entrepreneurs. It highlights how these creative tools enhance brand storytelling, strengthen consumer trust, and foster emotional engagement, especially for micro and small enterprises (MSEs) operating with limited marketing resources. Drawing upon interdisciplinary literature, the paper explores the ways in which Malaysian sellers utilize virtual aesthetics to embed cultural identity and product value in highly competitive digital marketplaces. In addition, it addresses the challenges faced by entrepreneurs, including limited design literacy, financial constraints, and low awareness of the strategic potential of visual content. The review concludes by identifying future opportunities for capacity building, platform support, and collaborative innovation to democratize the use of virtual art in local entrepreneurship.
Visual arts and retail share a profound connection through their focus on aesthetics, emotional resonance, and storytelling. As retail transforms, visual creativity becomes increasingly central to building brand identity, capturing consumer attention, and delivering immersive experiences. In the digital space, high-quality imagery including photography, video content, and graphic design helps brands forge emotional bonds with audiences. Social media, user-generated content, and influencer marketing amplify this visual strategy, enhancing visibility and reinforcing brand recognition. Since digital channels now function as storefronts, cohesive visual presentation is key to a strong online presence. In physical retail environments, creative visual merchandising, immersive design, and interactive technologies like Augmented Reality (AR) enhance the shopper experience, increase engagement, and elevate customer satisfaction. Premium retailers leverage artistic window displays, thematic layouts, and tech-driven installations to stand out. By blending aesthetics, psychological insights, and spatial design, visual arts continue to redefine the shopping journey. Businesses that embrace artistic elements in their branding and customer interactions can build loyalty, differentiate themselves, and drive lasting success.
Mappacci Ritual Objects and Symbolism in Sarawak’s Bugis Wedding Tradition
The Bugis tribe in Sarawak practices mappabotting, a marriage ritual that holds considerable importance within their cultural framework. Nevertheless, certain individuals within the Bugis community have ceased their involvement in these rituals because of the transition towards Sarawak Malay culture. This study analyses the various objects utilised in the mappacci wedding ceremony, such as pillows, sarongs, banana leaves, jackfruit leaves, candles, henna leaves, metal, rice, water, coconut oil, betel leaves, and cigarettes. The research employs a qualitative approach, incorporating direct interviews with informed Bugis participants and observations of the ceremony. This approach incorporates secondary sources to collect pertinent information related to Carl G. Jung's theory, especially in relation to archetypes and symbolic objects. Academicians, researchers, curators, and museum departments can leverage this research to gain deeper insights into the mappacci ritual objects and the symbolism inherent in Bugis wedding traditions in Sarawak.
Conceptual Framework for Chinese Lacquer Painting Styles in the Context of Social Media
In the context of the rapid development of digital media, the perception pathways of traditional art are gradually changing. Chinese lacquer painting, as a unique medium that integrates contemporary art and traditional craftsmanship, possesses diverse artistic styles. However, the audience's perception and understanding of it remain quite limited. Therefore, this study focuses on the conceptual framework of the visual characteristics of lacquer painting styles. The framework is constructed by systematically reviewing relevant academic literature both domestically and internationally. The study extracts the key dimensions of lacquer painting style through a literature review, including artistic style, thematic content, and regional characteristics. Construct the conceptual framework of "how stylistic features influence visual perception." These dimensions are further integrated into a three-layer structure, serving as the theoretical foundation for subsequent empirical analysis and communication strategy formulation. This study aims to reveal how emerging adults in China form perception responses to lacquer painting styles through visual contact. It also provides conceptual support for the future interpretation of Chinese lacquer painting styles and public aesthetic education.
The Impact of Visual Merchandising Elements on Consumer Attention: A Case Study of Retail Stores in Malaysia's Domestic and International Markets
Visual merchandising plays the largest role of influencing the consumer behavior and buying behavior in retail stores. This study looks into the influence of visual merchandising materials like color palette, design of the layout, lighting, signs, and arrangement of goods to the attention given by the consumer to the store outlets. The methodology of the study is a qualitative case study, and the researchers studied domestic and international retail stores present in the Malaysian market which is a diverse market. The research determined the visual characteristics ideal in attracting the attention of consumers through in-store observations, questionnaires (i.e. internal consumer’s interviews) and focus groups (i.e. internal consumer’s group discussions) on sensory stimulation to consumers. It is determined that the shops with the thoughtful color palette, correct locations of the products and the careful use of lighting increase the period of time the customers spend in the store. In addition, the layout of the store and effective signage are also important to direct the shoppers throughout the store thus they have a wonderful time spent shopping. The study is of great help to Malaysian retailers, given some of the strategies related to use of visual merchandising to attract and maintain customers, enhance the store design and remain competitive in the rapidly changing retail environment.
Beyond Influencers: Exploring New Promotional Strategies of Luxury Fashion Brands
Over the past nine years, Chiara Ferragni has emerged as one of the most prominent influencers on the global stage, collaborating with numerous internationally renowned fashion brands to promote and endorse their products. However, since December 2023, her reputation has been significantly tarnished due to her involvement in a judicial investigation led by the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Milan. Ferragni faces charges of aggravated and continued fraud, with her trial set to commence on 23 September 2025. As a result, several high-profile fashion brands have severed their professional ties with her. This study employs a qualitative approach to examine both the ongoing legal proceedings against the 36-year-old influencer and the evolving marketing strategies that globally recognized fashion brands are adopting in response. Data was collected through a systematic review of diverse sources to provide a comprehensive analysis of the influencer industry and its dynamic relationships with brands and consumers. The findings suggest that the role of influencers like Chiara Ferragni, traditionally leveraged to drive sales of luxury products, has significantly diminished and emerging forms of advertising and marketing strategies are gaining prominence. Ferragni’s followers, representing a broader consumer base, appear to have developed a more critical and conscious perspective, showing reduced interest in influencer-led campaigns. The study concludes that the traditional influencer model, as it has been known in recent years, is likely to decline, paving the way for new paradigms in brand-consumer engagement.
Meyer Schapiro’s Method: Art Criticism Through Style and Context
This paper resurrects the revolutionary spirit of Meyer Schapiro, the maverick art historian who dared to see canvases as battlefields of ideology. Rejecting the stale dogma of “art for art’s sake,” Schapiro weaponized formal analysis to expose how every brushstroke whispers secrets about power, rebellion, and cultural DNA. In incendiary texts like Style (Schapiro,1953) and The Nature of Abstract (Schapiro,1937), he shattered the ivory tower of pure aesthetics, proving that a Baroque flourish or Cubist fracture isn’t just technique—it’s a time capsule of class struggle, philosophical wars, and the tectonic shifts of history. Through a Molotov cocktail of sociology, Marxist theory, and razor-sharp visual analysis, Schapiro rewired art history into a detective game where style betrays its maker’s world. This paper dissects how his insurgent methodology—part cultural archaeology, part political manifesto—continues to electrify contemporary art criticism, equipping us to decode the hidden rebellions and silent screams embedded in form itself. Schapiro’s legacy? A radical lens that transforms galleries into crime scenes, demanding we interrogate not just what art shows, but what it betrays.
Societal Lessons: Narratives of Perak Tengah - Fact or Fiction?
Fairy tales are folklores that readers are invited to imagine through an engaging storytelling method infused with moral values. In addition, folklores were once children's entertainment to strengthen friendships. The state of Perak Tengah is rich in historical stories; in addition to historical stories, there are several folklores found in the Central Perak area. This study aimed to identify and document folklore found in Central Perak as a reference source for future generations. The results of an interview with Mr. Mohammad Nazrin Bin Mohamad Suhaimi, who is a Lifetime Member of the Malaysian Historical Society (PSM) Perak State Branch. There are several folktales whose storylines are well-known and can serve as valuable life lessons. Among the stories of "Buluh Ape", "Pak Kaduk and Ikan Tapah", "Siam Menyerang Tanah Abang", "Padang Pak Beruk", "Gergasi Bota", and "Sang Kelembai" are stories that have been passed down from generation to generation by the people of Central Perak. Fairy tales like this should be used as guidelines and lessons for the current generation. In addition, each storyline is filled with moral values ​​that can be applied in society.
Factors Influencing Purchase Intentions for Glass Products with Chinese Cultural Elements
Glass products featuring Chinese cultural elements are mainly found in collections, exhibitions, and educational institutions. However, their sale as everyday necessities is less common. Research on these products, especially regarding perceived benefits and purchase intentions, remains limited. This study focuses on contemporary Chinese glass products with cultural elements, referencing literature on product innovation, emotional design, and the cultural creative industry, and explores how perceived benefits influence purchase intention. The study begins by classifying glass products based on their cultural aspects and selecting the samples for empirical analysis. Using online questionnaires, 503 valid responses were collected, and hypotheses were tested. The results show that the target group holds a positive attitude towards perceived benefits and also demonstrates a willingness to purchase such products. Hypothesis testing indicates that beauty value and identity benefits significantly influence purchase intention. Finally, the study offers feasible strategies for developing glass products with Chinese cultural elements.
Exploring the Intersection of Ethnic Wear and Sportswear in Hybrid Fashion: A Contemporary Study of Cultural
This study investigates the evolving role of hybrid fashion, focusing on the fusion of ethnic wear and sportswear in contemporary clothing trends. The primary objective is to explore how these two distinct cultural styles of ethnic wear, representing traditional cultural heritage, and sportswear, symbolizing modern athletic and casual aesthetics. These elements are being blended to create a new, hybrid fashion identity. Key findings indicate that hybrid fashion characteristics, through the fusion of ethnic and sportswear elements, is becoming a significant trend driven by globalized cultural exchange and increasing interest in inclusive and multifunctional designs. The study reveals that hybrid fashion not only caters to diverse consumer preferences but also challenges traditional fashion boundaries, promoting cultural appreciation and innovation. Furthermore, it highlights how the blending of performance-oriented and culturally rich attire creates a unique space for self-expression while maintaining comfort and functionality. This research contributes to the understanding of hybrid fashion's role in reshaping fashion norms and offers valuable insights into the design processes and the broader implications for the fashion industry in an era of cross-cultural influence and sustainability. The findings emphasize the significance of cultural fusion in broadening the scope of fashion as a tool for social and cultural dialogue.
An Analysis of The Malaysian Designer’s Headgear Design by Shamil Nazri
This research is to investigate the concept and idea of headgear in terms of design, manufacturing methods, and materials used in the fashion industry. This study also examines manufacturing differentiation based on a literature review by era and provides information as a source in new. The method of obtaining information from this study is based on primary data, which is an interview with the designer of headgear, namely Mr. Shamil Nazri. Some of his collections have been selected for the discussion process. In addition, secondary data was also obtained through this study by looking for research gaps from past literature reviews. The results of this study found that there are differences in various aspects of the concept of headgear production. Furthermore, this study can document detailed information regarding the concept of ideas, designs, manufacturing methods, and materials used to produce headgear. This research should be done for documentation and reference for researchers and students in the future. It is hoped that the next generation will be able to produce better quality headgear so that it can dignify the country's fashion industry through headgear.
Visualising Nationhood: Defining National Identity of Malaysia Day Stamps through Semiotic Analysis
Stamps can act as ambassadors or windows for countries, serving as miniature forms of visual communication that effectively convey political ideologies, and cultural narratives. Although postage stamps in Malaysia have significantly shaped the nation's identity since 1957, research on Malaysia's visual culture's significance on Malaysia Day stamps remains limited, highlighting a gap in understanding. This research investigates how Malaysia Day-themed postage stamps, issued from 2013 to 2024, construct and project Malaysian national identity. Malaysia Day, observed annually on 16th September, is of immense significance to Malaysia, marking the establishment of the nation since 1963. Understanding these series of stamps is important for national identity because they are miniature canvases of the nation’s evolving self-image. They reveal how Malaysia has visually represented its values, aspirations, and historical narratives. This research employs a semiotic framework, and strategic content analysis, this study examines 24 stamps encompassing eight distinct Malaysia Day themes, sourced from various philatelic archives. The analysis is focusing on visual, and textual components: imagery, colour palettes, symbolism, and typography, to decode the underlying meanings and intended messages. Recurring themes of national unity, cultural diversity, and socio-economic progress are identified, and analysed through semiotic theory analysis. The findings reveal that these stamps are not commemorative artefacts, but as a message in reinforcing government-sanctioned ideologies of multicultural harmony, and national pride. Furthermore, the analysis highlights a gradual shift in iconography that mirrors the change in the political, and cultural landscape of Malaysia. This research contributes to a more profound understanding of visual culture, semiotics, and nation-building, specifically the role of postage stamps in shaping collective memory, and identity formation. Moreover, it sheds light on how Malaysia leverages visual culture to project a particular image of nationhood both domestically, and internationally.
Biomimicry in Textile Design: Rafflesia-Inspired Pattern Development from Royal Belum
Textile design faces the challenge of balancing ecological responsibility with creative innovation, particularly in the development of sustainable patterns inspired by nature. This study addresses this issue by investigating how biomimicry, through the imagery of the Rafflesia flower in Malaysia’s Royal Belum Rainforest, can inform ecologically responsible textile design. A qualitative visual methodology was employed, using high-resolution photographic documentation as the primary data source. Photography served not only to capture intricate textures, colours and structures but also to mediate their translation into design. A total of 150 photographs were captured in situ and analysed using the Qualitative Colour Pattern Analysis (QCPA) framework. The analysis revealed an unexpected dominance of warm-toned segments and striking radial symmetry, both of which became central design drivers. These insights guided the creation of eight textile patterns, four abstract stylisations and four literal botanical motifs. Findings demonstrate that photography, when integrated with QCPA, deepens designer engagement with ecological subject matter and generates patterns that embody both aesthetic richness and environmental symbolism. The study contributes a replicable visual analysis process for bioinspired textile design. It advances Sustainable Development Goal 15: Life on Land while offering pathways for culturally resonant, ecologically responsible and commercially adaptable textile practices.
Qualitative Colour Pattern Analysis (QCPA)
Color as a Cognitive and Cultural Tool: A Psychological Exploration of its Role in Graphic Design Communication
This study explores the intricate relationship between color psychology and graphic design, focusing on how color influences user perception, emotional response, and communication efficacy. Grounded in color theory and psychological models of perception and emotion, the research examines the strategic application of color in branding, digital design, and marketing. Through a documentary research methodology, the study synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed literature across disciplines such as psychology, marketing, and visual communication, highlighting the emotional and cognitive effects of color, the impact of cultural symbolism, and the ethical implications of design decisions. Key themes include how warm and cool colors evoke different arousal and valence responses, the cultural variability in color interpretation, and the critical role of color in brand recognition and consumer behavior. The study also emphasizes accessibility and inclusivity, identifying the challenges faced by users with color vision deficiencies and underscoring the importance of adhering to global accessibility standards. Findings reveal a significant gap between academic theory and practical application, with many designers relying on aesthetics or client preferences rather than empirical psychological principles. The study concludes by advocating for curriculum reform, interdisciplinary collaboration, and ethical design practices that prioritize both function and user experience. By integrating psychological literacy into design practice, the study aims to enhance communication, support inclusivity, and improve the cultural relevance of visual content in global contexts. Ultimately, the research provides a foundational framework for applying color psychology in contemporary graphic design to create more meaningful and effective visual experiences.
Enhancing Elementary Students' Spatial Awareness Through Classroom Furniture Model-Making
Classroom designs in Indonesia typically follow government standards; however, regional variations in conditions and contexts result in diverse classroom shapes and layouts. This diversity can influence students' spatial understanding and familiarity with their learning environments. This study aims to enhance elementary school students' spatial awareness using 1:10 scale flatpack classroom furniture, designed from child-friendly materials and featuring components that students can assemble independently. This interactive approach allows students to explore and recognize the layout of their classroom through play and simulation in collaboration with teachers and peers. The research methodology included school and classroom observations, teacher discussions, creative experiments, and hands-on workshops with students. The study involved students from two elementary schools in different regions of Indonesia, representing various grade levels. The results revealed that students showed distinct preferences for their work areas within the classroom, which contributed to their comfort and sense of attachment to space. These findings highlight the importance of involving students in activities that foster spatial awareness and territorial understanding. They also offer valuable insights for educators and school stakeholders to create more engaging and adaptive classroom environments. By integrating spatial learning into daily activities, schools can provide a comprehensive learning experience that supports students' cognitive and emotional development while fostering a stronger connection to their learning spaces.
Innovative Liquid Tree System for Enhanced Indoor Air Quality: A Sustainable Design Approach
In pursuing innovative and sustainable interior design solutions, our research introduces the concept of a "liquid tree" as an alternative to traditional vegetation implementation in an interior room. This study explores developing and implementing a liquid tree system to enhance indoor air quality by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) and producing oxygen (O2). The liquid tree integrates a water flow system and advanced sensors to monitor and optimize CO2 absorption and O2 production capacities. The system consists of a transparent container filled with a specially formulated liquid that supports the growth of microalgae, known for their high photosynthetic efficiency. The container is also equipped with a water flow system to ensure constant motion and optimal conditions for the microalgae. Additionally, sensors continuously monitor CO2 and O2 levels. Our findings demonstrate the liquid tree's potential to significantly improve indoor air quality, offering a viable and aesthetically pleasing solution for modern interior environments. The implications of this research suggest a promising avenue for sustainable design practices that contribute to healthier living spaces. Future studies will focus on optimizing the system and exploring its applications in various settings.
Narrative Review of Infographic Design Roles for Economic Broadcast News Reporting in Malaysia
Infographic Design has been embedded in Broadcasting News with the rapid development of media technology, replacing conventional data information presentation. In designing broadcasting infographic for news reporting, it should be well designed and developed as an effective communication tool. How ever, the lack of appropriate infographic design guidelines is a major challenge faced among journalist and graphic designer. As growing body of literature is observed, scholars established the need of an effective infographic design to engage audience attention effectively and meaningfully, to convey complex economic information through broadcasting news. The proposed conceptual framework is anticipated to point the way to additional studies to determine the principles and element guidelines for infographic design in economic broadcasting news toward an effective audience engagement. This is to further enhance the efficient engagement of audience by emphasizing the significance of understanding the principles and elements of infographic design in economic broadcasting news among designers and journalist. By examining local and international approaches, this study hopes to make infographic design a key tool in supporting the economic literacy of society through broadcasting news and overall social development.
Applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Sayembara 2024 Art Exhibition from Textual to Visual
The Malaysian Budget 2025 was announced by Malaysia’s 10th Prime Minister, who allocated almost RM50 million towards the development of language and literature. Through such commitment provided by the Madani framework government, the National Art Gallery (NAG) launched an art project entitled Sayembara 2024. This art project is the first of its kind, focusing on 13 public and private higher education institutions. Sayembara is a competition exhibition that selects artworks from institutions and, in collaboration with Gamuda Mall Bukit Bintang (GMBB), displays artworks to the public. Interestingly, the concept was to interpret the masterpiece text into the visual works of art. UiTM Melaka chose the Sulalatus Salatin text from the Malay Annals. The process started by selecting two works of representational and non-representational (abstract) are selected as results from the Gallery Art Studio (GAS) UiTM Melaka, listed by the NAG Curators. Based on the 2 artworks, this study seeks to investigate the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) generators in producing artworks and how they can contribute to cultural expression. The findings proved that AI image generators play a significant role in the preliminary process of art making. However, the overall cultural expression and artwork produced must be verified through further steps, which are controlled by the artist's involvement and understanding of his/her reality where they find themselves. The results and findings generated possibilities for future researchers and visual artists upon investigating more on the role of AI and cultural expression.
Reconceptualizing Tourism Promotion: The Impact of Drone Photography on Marketing Tuba Island Through Szarkowski's Theoretical Framework
This research initiative intends to evaluate how drone photography might help the visual marketing of Tuba Island. Using Szarkowski's theoretical framework, this study explores the comparative strengths of conventional eye-level photography and modern drone photographs in boosting the island's appeal on tourism websites. The results reveal that drone photography is a more successful instrument for tourism promotion, delivering novel perspectives that greatly boost the visually appeal and emotional impact of Tuba Island. The visual comparative analysis and the poll results demonstrate a strong preference for aerial (drone) imagery over standard eye level photography when advertising Tuba Island as a tourist attraction. Overall, this research demonstrates that drone imagery is regarded to be a very useful tool for tourist promotion, enabling unique techniques to promote island areas such as Tuba Island. These findings underscore the necessity of introducing drone photography into tourism marketing activities to create more beautiful and engaging visual portrayal of destinations.
Murals as Catalysts for Tourism Growth in Muar Town: Public Perceptions and Future Potential
Muar Town, also known as Bandar Maharani, is a royal city in Johor, Malaysia, strategically located between Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. Known for its historical, cultural, and geographical significance, with the Muar River flowing into the Strait of Malacca, it remains an underutilized tourism destination compared to the nearby UNESCO World Heritage site of Malacca City. In Muar Town, there is a famous mural called "The Loving Sisters," painted by Russian artist Julia Volchkova. Additionally, there is a pedestrian street in Muar called Muar Street Art, which has become a local cultural hub and a therapeutic space for autistic children. The murals are deeply beloved by the public and have become the recommended check-in points for Muar tourism on various travel websites. These factors suggest that murals have a growing potential to boost Muar's tourism industry. Therefore, this study aims to examine the potential of murals in fostering tourism in Muar Town. The objective is to assess public satisfaction with the current murals and interest in future mural developments. This research, using a 5-point Likert Scale with 392 participants, reveals moderate satisfaction with current murals in Muar Town’s tourism, compared to a more positive outlook on future murals. The research emphasizes murals' potential to enhance urban identity, tourism, and community pride, highlighting their role in broader tourism strategies. Murals enhance place-making and cultural expression, offering policymakers and urban developers strategies for urban growth and tourism. Limitations include a sample mainly of non-tourists and a lack of analysis on the economic and social impacts of murals. Future studies should include diverse respondents, such as tourists, and examine murals' direct effects on tourism revenue and community engagement. A broader approach could guide mural initiatives, boosting Muar’s cultural and economic appeal and reinforcing its identity as a vibrant destination.
The Digital Innovation in Jingdezhen Ceramic Sculpture: Balancing Tradition and Modernity
This research examines the intricate interplay between traditional craftsmanship and digital innovation in the contemporary practice of Jingdezhen ceramic sculpture. As a globally significant center for ceramic art with a profound history, Jingdezhen is at a critical juncture where its cultural heritage confronts the transformative potential of digital technologies. This transformation lies in a core conflict between the preservation of intangible cultural heritage and the drive for technological advancement. Employing a qualitative methodology grounded in in-depth interviews with master artisans and ethnographic case studies, this research examines how digital tools, such as 3D printing and computer-aided design, are being integrated into creative processes. The findings reveal that the primary barriers to integration are not technical but are deeply rooted in cultural and ideological frameworks. This situation reflects a significant dilemma in value perception, whereby labor-intensive, process-oriented practices such as mold making are often margnialised in favor of decorative artistry, thus fostering resistance to the adoption of technological innovations. The research argues that successful integration hinges on more than mere technological adoption; it requires a fundamental recalibration of existing value systems. It proposes a framework for a symbiotic innovation strategic approach that reaffirms the cultural and artistic value of traditional craftsmanship while leveraging digital technologies to enhance precision, explore novel forms, and augment artistic expression. This study contributes a critical analysis of the challenges and opportunities facing a heritage craft in the digital age, offering implications for cultural policy, arts pedagogy, and the sustainable future of traditional craftsmanship worldwide.
Service-Quality Scale for Chinese Working Mothers’ e-Learning Platforms: Development and Validation
The rapid progression of online education has rendered the enhancement of service quality a key concern in augmenting user experience. This study aims to create service quality rating scales for online education platforms specifically designed for Chinese working mothers, in order to comprehensively assess the unique needs and experiences of this demographic while using the platforms. The scale was created based on the SERVQUAL framework, and the initial dimensions were established through a literature review. The conventional dimensions of service quality were refined and redefined from the user experience viewpoint, highlighting essential factors such as interaction experience, emotional support, interface intuitiveness, and personalized service, to more precisely reflect the service quality perceived by working mothers in China. The study utilized a questionnaire for data collection, employing SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0 to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate the structural validity and reliability of the scales, respectively. The finalized measure had six dimensions: responsiveness, reliability, assurance, tangibility, empathy, and work-family balance, including a total of 40 items. The empirical results reveal that the established scale exhibits robust reliability and validity, providing innovative perspectives on the application of service quality theory from the user experience viewpoint while also delivering targeted recommendations for improving service design in online education platforms.
Building Brand Equity through Visual Brand Identity in Mobile Apps: A Systematic Literature Review
Mobile applications are increasingly integral to brand strategy, yet research has largely focused on usability and functionality, overlooking the impact of visual branding elements such as logo, typography, color scheme, and icon. While established brand equity models emphasize various brand-building factors, the role of visual brand identity in shaping user perceptions, engagement, and loyalty especially in mobile apps remains underexplored. This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) explores the role of visual brand identity in building brand equity within mobile applications. Drawing on established brand equity models, this study synthesizes existing literature to identify key visual branding elements that influence user perceptions, engagement, and loyalty. Findings highlight that a cohesive visual brand identity enhances brand awareness, trust, and emotional connection, ultimately strengthening brand equity. Additionally, integrating visual branding with user experience (UX) design fosters a seamless and immersive interaction that reinforces brand recognition. Despite growing interest in digital branding, research has yet to fully explore the impact of dynamic branding elements such as motion-based graphics and adaptive UI features on brand equity. This review highlights the need for empirical studies that examine how these evolving visual strategies shape consumer perceptions and engagement, offering insights for both academics and practitioners in mobile app branding.