Financial Statement Fraud: Evidence from Malaysian Public Listed Companies
Keywords:
Financial Statement Fraud, Financial Target, External Pressure, Earnings Management, Related-Party TransactionAbstract
Financial statement fraud is seen as a rampant problem around the world. Early detection is one of the
ways to curb financial statement fraud, and it has motivated this study to be conducted. The main
objective of this study is to investigate the primary factors that influence the public listed companies in
Malaysia to be involved in financial statement fraud. The sample used in this study comprised 40
financial statement fraud companies matched with another 40 non-financial statement fraud companies
listed in Bursa Malaysia from 2003 to 2020. This study used the fraud triangle theory to form the
research framework and develop the research hypotheses. Four hypotheses based on the elements of
fraud, which are the financial target, external pressure, earnings management, and related-party
transaction, have been developed and tested. Regression analysis was conducted to examine the
relationship between the elements of fraud and financial statement fraud. The results indicated that
there is a significant relationship between financial targets, earnings management, related-party
transaction and financial statement fraud, thus the hypotheses are accepted. However, there is an
insignificant relationship between external pressure and financial statement fraud, hence the hypothesis
was rejected. Interestingly, it was found that the fraud companies had poorer earnings quality one year
before they committed the financial statement fraud. Overall, this study would assist the auditors as it
identifies early warning signals or red flags. Information obtained from this study could be used by
Bursa Malaysia to develop strong regulations and encourage Malaysian public listed companies to
enhance anti-fraud policies.
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