JI is indexed in MyCite. The Jurnal Intelek (JI) (eISSN: 2231-7716) is an open-access, international, refereed journal. Jurnal Intelek will be accepting research papers in innovation and technology in management in various fields of research that include (but are not limited to) organizational behaviour, leadership management, marketing management, information management, strategic management, human resource management, performance management, quality management, intellectual property management, educational management, sports management, health and fitness management. PUBLICATION IS FREE OF CHARGE. Jurnal Intelek is indexed in MyCite. JI is also available at Google Scholar. CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
Leg Power and Agility as Determinants of Shooting Performance in Basketball Players
This research examines how lower-limb power and movement agility influence basketball players’ shooting effectiveness, focusing on how these physical attributes contribute to overall shooting proficiency. Variations in shooting consistency are commonly linked to insufficient lower-body conditioning among players, particularly in the lower limbs. This quantitative descriptive study was conducted with (n=20) male basketball players from UiTM Pahang. Data were collected using a vertical jump test for leg power, a Zig-Zag test for agility, and a lay-up shooting test. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between leg power and shooting performance (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) and between agility and shooting performance (r = 0.58, p < 0.05). These results showed that integrating specific leg power and agility training can improve basketball players' shooting performance.
Mohd Faizal Azrul Azwan Muhamed @ Che Harun
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohd Azharul Azemi, Mohd Faizal Azrul Azwan Muhamed @ Che Harun, Nur Atikah Mohamed Kassim, Rozella Ab Razak, Kalam Azad Isa, Muhammad Faizal Kutip, Harith Rusydin Abd Rahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Assessing The Impact of TikTok-Based Promotions on Students’ Participation in Outdoor Activities at Malaysian Public University
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed student lifestyles, emphasizing the importance of digital platforms for encouraging health and physical activity. This research examines the effectiveness of TikTok-based promotion in influencing student participation in outdoor activities at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam. The research focused on three TikTok engagement variables: identity, sharing, and reputation as constructs of students’ participation in outdoor activities. A quantitative method was used, consisting of structured questions distributed to 74 sports students. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.0 for multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that reputation had the strongest positive contribution to students’ participation (β = 0.557, p < 0.05), followed by identity (β = 0.217, p < 0.05), while sharing had a smaller and insignificant effect (β = 0.129, p > 0.05). The overall model was statistically significant (F(3,75) = 40.823, p < 0.05), explaining 62% of the variance in students participating in outdoor activities(R² = 0.620). These findings confirm that TikTok is one of the social media platforms effectively promoting outdoor activities, especially through reputable content and influencer credibility. The study provides practical suggestions for universities and sports organizations on how to use TikTok as a strategic platform to encourage physical activities and enhance student well-being.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohamad Khairul Aiman Mohamad Zahir , Muhammad Faizal Kutip, Muhammad Farid Hilmi Aidit, Adam Afif Mohamad Azmi, Mohd Azharul Azemi, Muhammad Zakwan Rusydi Suhaimi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Transforming Teams Outdoors: Gendered Perspectives on Leadership and Cohesion in UiTM’s Recreation Curriculum
This study explores the relationship between transformational leadership behaviours and group cohesion among students enrolled in outdoor recreation programs at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). Grounded in experiential learning theory and leadership psychology, the research employed a quantitative design involving 230 respondents from five UiTM campuses. Data were collected using two validated instruments: the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Group Environment Questionnaire (GEQ). Findings revealed a strong presence of transformational leadership across all four dimensions—idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration—with idealized influence rated highest. Group cohesion was perceived as moderately high, particularly in group integration related to task and social dynamics, though individual attraction to group tasks scored lower. Independent t-tests showed no statistically significant gender differences in perceptions of leadership or cohesion, suggesting that UiTM’s outdoor recreation curriculum fosters inclusive and equitable leadership experiences. The study highlights the potential of outdoor experiential education to cultivate leadership and team unity, reinforcing the value of such programs in higher education. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on leadership development in sport and recreation contexts and underscore the need for future research into environmental and contextual factors that enhance cohesion and leadership efficacy in outdoor settings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Fikri Mohd Kassim, Siti Sarah Khairul Anuar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Anxiety Prevalence of Pre-Competitive Anxiety Among Female Football Players in Malaysia
The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pre-competitive anxiety (PCA) among female football players, with a secondary focus on examining its correlation with match outcomes, emotional states, and arousal levels. Sixty-seven experienced female football players (mean age: 22.9 ± 4.5 years; mean height: 1.58 ± 5.4 cm; mean weight: 54.8 ± 7.2 kg) volunteered for the study. Anxiety levels before matches were assessed using the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT), while emotional states and arousal levels were measured before, during, and after matches using the Feeling Scale (FS) and Felt Arousal Scale (FAS). All participants completed the SCAT questionnaire, FS, and FAS scales. Descriptive analysis was employed to assess anxiety levels, and Pearson correlation (r) analysis was conducted to explore relationships between these variables. The findings indicated moderate levels of pre-competitive anxiety among participants. However, no significant correlations were observed between SCAT scores and match outcomes, FS, or FAS scores (P > 0.05). This study suggests that while anxiety, arousal, and emotional states play a role, they may have a limited impact on the competitive performance of female football players. Further research is essential to validate these findings and emphasize the significance of addressing pre-competitive anxiety in the Malaysian sports context.
Soccer, Anxiety, Female, Emotional States, Competitive performance
Copyright (c) 2026 Siti Azilah Atan, Nur Faidza Mohd Nur Aiman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Beyond Green Promises: The Influence of Sustainable Packaging, Carbon-Emission Reduction, and Transparent Communication on Consumer Perception towards Corporate Sustainability Practices
In recent years, growing environmental concerns have pushed consumers to question whether companies genuinely practice sustainability or merely use it as a marketing tool. This study investigates how corporate sustainability practices influence consumer perception, focusing on Nestlé Malaysia as a leading example in the food and beverage industry. Guided by Stakeholder Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the study aims to examine the effects of sustainable packaging, carbon-emission reduction, and transparency in communication on consumer perception. Using quantitative research design, data were collected from 370 undergraduate students through structured questionnaires and analysed using SPSS with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Findings show that all three sustainability dimensions significantly and positively affect consumer perception, with sustainable packaging exerting the strongest influence, followed by transparency and carbon-emission reduction. The study highlights that consumers respond best to sustainability actions that are visible, credible, and well communicated. It offers valuable insights for FMCG companies to strengthen brand trust through authentic practices aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 12 and 13 on responsible consumption and climate action.
Carbon Emission Reduction, Consumer Perception, Stakeholder Theory, Sustainable Packaging, Theory of Planned Behaviour
Copyright (c) 2026 Hafirda Akma Musaddad, Nur Syahira Mohd Nafi, Wan Anis Wan Mohd Assrudin, Nadiah Mahmad Nasir, Suraya Husin, Norsilawati Mohd Hassan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Capital Resilience in the Carbon Era: Bank Efficiency and Physical Risk Interactions in High-Income and Middle-Income Countries
In an era with heightened financial uncertainty and an increase in climate risk shocks, the capital level of banks has become one of the crucial tools to increase depositor trust and promote long-term stability while remaining resilient. The study investigates the capital decision of Islamic and conventional banks across High-Income and Middle-Income countries over a period of 28 years. The study further examines the relationship between cost efficiency and bank capital across different level of physical risk exposure. The estimation using random effect model of cluster standard errors discloses a significantly positive relationship between transition risk, profitability, and economy with the capital level. Meanwhile, cost efficiency and bank size are negatively correlated with the capital level. The capital level of banks is found to be significantly different between crises and non-crisis periods, between bank specializations, and between country groups. Additionally, the findings reveal that physical risk negatively moderates the relationship between cost efficiency and bank capital, with the interaction effect being more pronounced for banks operating in high physical risk environments. Regulators are recommended to ensure both Islamic and conventional banks consistently uphold high capital level while implementing stricter monitoring on larger bank size to mitigate moral hazard.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahida Ahmad, Nur Hazimah Amran, Nur Syahirah Rokeman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
From Stability to Sustainability: How Bank Risks and Climate Exposures Influence ESG
The purpose of this study is to investigate the connection between the bank risks and climate risks with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of the banking institutions in Asia Pacific countries. In this study, bank risk is represented by three dimensions which are liquidity risk, credit risk, and capital risk, while climate risk is represented by physical risk and transition risk. This study also adds bank size, profitability, and economy as the control variables. Unbalanced panel data of 75 listed banking institutions between 2010 and 2024 from 10 selected countries have been arranged and go through preliminary tests to check for robustness and validity. In accordance with the Hausman Test, this study uses Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to examine the relationship of the variables. The results reveal that capital risk has a significant negative impact on ESG performance, whereas liquidity and credit risks are positive but insignificant with the bank’s ESG performance. Transition risk, proxied by fossil fuel energy consumption, shows a strong negative relationship with ESG performance, while physical risk is found to have insignificant relationship with ESG performance. Among the control variables, bank size positively and significantly influences ESG performance, confirming that larger banks possess greater resources to implement sustainable strategies. The findings suggest that robust capitalization and reduced reliance on carbon-intensive sectors would enhance bank’s ESG outcomes. The study makes contribution to a broader literature on sustainable banking through the inclusion of regional evidence from APAC and offers policy recommendations to strengthen the integration of financial and climate risk management in the world of banking.
Bank risk, Climate risks, ESG performance, Sustainable Banking, Asia Pacific
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Hazirah Mohamad-Shukri, Wahida Ahmad, Nur Hazimah Amran, Nur Syahirah Rokeman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Servicescape Dimensions and Tourist Behaviour: A Quantitative Study at Chenang Beach, Langkawi
This study examines the effect of servicescape dimensions on tourist behaviour at Chenang Beach, Langkawi. The research aims to determine how the physical, social, and complementary aspects of the servicescape influence tourists’ experiences and actual behaviour. A quantitative approach was applied using a structured questionnaire distributed to 120 tourists visiting Chenang Beach. Data were analysed through regression analysis to identify the relationship between the three servicescape dimensions and tourist behaviour. The results show that these dimensions explain 67 percent of the variation in tourist behaviour. Among the predictors, complementary offerings were found to have the strongest influence, followed by the social and physical environments. These findings confirm that the servicescape framework is effective in explaining behavioural responses in a rural coastal context. The study contributes to tourism management by showing that enhancing complementary facilities, maintaining a clean physical setting, and improving staff interaction can increase visitor satisfaction and loyalty. The results also provide practical guidance for local tourism operators and policymakers to design services that meet tourists’ expectations and promote sustainable visitation at Chenang Beach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fadhilah Zainal Abidin, Nurul Iman Qistina Fadzil Ishkandar, Nurul Saadiah Zainuddin, Siti Aminatasha Hafizal, I Gede Gian Saputra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
CHALLENGES IN THE APPROVAL PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT PLANS VIA THE ONE STOP CENTRE (OSC) 3.0 PLUS BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN PERAK
Concerns about delays in obtaining Local Authority approvals for property development have been widely discussed by scholars in Malaysia and abroad. In response, the Ministry of Housing and Local Government of Malaysia (KPKT) introduced the One Stop Centre (OSC) system in 2007. The system has since evolved, with OSC 2.0, OSC 3.0, and OSC 3.0 Plus launched in 2010, 2014, and 2020, respectively. This paper investigates the challenges arising after the implementation of OSC 3.0 Plus, focusing on three main objectives: (1) scrutinising the agreement levels of the OSC 3.0 Plus process; (2) identifying implementation issues, and (3) suggesting improvements. The scope of this research encompasses four local authorities in Perak that are experiencing rapid growth in the Perak development corridor. The research employs a quantitative approach of open-ended questionnaires. To validate the issues identified in the literature and media, a pilot study was conducted with relevant staff from Taiping Town Council. The refined questionnaires were then distributed to stakeholders from Ipoh City Council, Manjung Town Council, Taiping Town Council, Telok Intan Town Council, OSC secretariats, and relevant external government technical agencies and consultants. The findings indicate that most respondents generally agree that the OSC 3.0 Plus system enhances the efficiency of development plan approvals. Nevertheless, based on respondents’ feedback, certain aspects still require closer examination to streamline further OSC 3.0 Plus procedures, such as the prevailing perception of the OSC system, reducing the number of technical agencies involved, and allowing new comments after the OSC meeting decision.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yazid Sarkom, Dr. Mimi Zaleha Abdul Ghani, Hikmah Kamarudin, Ahmad Fairoz Abu Kassim, Mohd Nadzari Mohd Jalil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining Personal Determinants of Mobile Payment Adoption: Evidence from Malaysian Micro Agro entrepreneurs
Mobile payments have grown rapidly as a digital payment system. However, in Malaysia, users remain hesitant to use mobile payment transactions. This study explores the influence of Mobile Usefulness (MU) and Mobile Ease of Use (ME) on Mobile Payment Adoption (MP) within the framework of the Mobile Technology Acceptance Model (MTAM). Both key personal determinants influence the adoption of mobile payment among micro agro entrepreneurs. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 20) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) version 4.0. Overall, the findings affirm that mobile payment adoption is strongly driven by personal perceptions of mobile usefulness and mobile ease of use, which explain approximately 49.6 percent of the variance. This study contributes empirical evidence for the Mobile Technology Acceptance Model (MTAM) and provides practical insights for local authorities, policymakers, service providers, and financial institutions seeking to strengthen Malaysia’s digital payment ecosystem among micro agro entrepreneurs.
Copyright (c) 2026 Musramaini Mustapha, Mohd Aidil Riduan Awang Kader, Ariff Md Ab Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) in Maintenance Works
Maintenance is a common activity across all workplaces and sectors, involving personnel at every level. Maintenance is necessary for preserving safe and healthy working conditions, however, poorly managed maintenance may pose significant health and safety hazards. This study was conducted to identify the potential hazards and evaluate the risks in maintenance works. The data were collected through observation of maintenance works in the workplace during the period of study. The likelihood and severity of the hazards were used to establish the risk assessment, which was then used to determine the risk levels. The results indicated that the identified hazards fell into high (8.6%), medium (57.1%), and low (34.3%) risk levels. Most of the maintenance activities were found to be safe. The high-risk level of hazard occurred during maintenance of the lift and water pipe leakage. The person in charge of the work that involves high risk should be well-trained and competent to prevent accidents among the maintenance workers. Employers must regularly assess and examine all the hazards in order for the planned safety measures to be successful. Implementing precautionary measures and increasing worker familiarity with the standard operating procedure (SOP) can help prevent an accident.
hazard, maintenance, risk assessment, risk level, safety
Copyright (c) 2026 Rosley Jaafar, Lutfil Hakim Abdul Hadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Impact of Entrepreneurial Bricolage, Ecological Innovation, Entrepreneurial Mindset, and Green Entrepreneurial Orientation on Digital Entrepreneurial Intention
The study in hand analyzes digital entrepreneurial bricolage, ecological innovation, entrepreneurial mindset, and green entrepreneurial orientation on the digital entrepreneurship intention, associated with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Saudi Arabia. Highlighting the accelerated growth of the digital economy and a national agenda for economic diversification and sustainability, the research looks at their impact on SME owners' readiness to adopt and implement digital business solutions. With empirical support from 190 SME owners and managers, results indicated that entrepreneurial bricolage and the entrepreneurial mindset can enhance digital entrepreneurial intention via facilitation of resourceful innovation to address constraints experienced in early-stage digitally-based activities and by fostering proactive resiliency to engage more effectively with digital opportunities. On the other hand, ecological innovation and green entrepreneurial orientation show an insignificant level of direct effect on digital entrepreneurial intention, indicating that sustainability practices have provided limited motivation to start digital entrepreneurship, especially in the case of the Saudi SME context. The outcomes of this research have implications for policymakers, educators, and practitioners on how they could better improve resourcefulness and mindset to effectively support digital entrepreneurship activity with more meaningful linkages to sustainability in their initiatives. This multifaceted picture of digital entrepreneurship in digitally immature, sustainability-driven emerging markets, hence, provides a holistic lens on the underlying factors.
Copyright (c) 2026 ALI RAZA, Assoc Prof., Dr. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Factors Influencing Rural Consumers’ Selection of Vegetable Market Outlets
Rural consumer purchasing behaviour has evolved significantly with the increasing accessibility of diverse market outlets, leading to changes in how rural communities decide where to buy daily essentials such as vegetables. In Langkap, Hilir Perak, rural consumers can choose from supermarkets, wet markets, farmers’ markets, and mini markets, yet the factors influencing these choices remain unclear. To address this gap, this study applied the fuzzy VIKOR method to identify and rank the key criteria influencing market outlet selection and to determine the most preferred outlet among 88 primary grocery buyers. Four criteria, which are convenience, freshness, price, and social connection were evaluated across four different natures of market outlets: Econsave Supermarket, Public Market, Pasar Tani, and Fresh Mart. The analysis revealed that convenience was the most influential factor (weightage = 7.818), and the Public Market was the most preferred outlet with the lowest VIKOR index value (0.000). These findings provide valuable insights for retailers, farmers, and local authorities to enhance rural market strategies, improve infrastructure, and strengthen supply decisions to better meet consumer preferences.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Fazliana Rahim, Noorzila Sharif, Nur Syuhada Mazlan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Fostering a Sustainable Future Through Intrinsic Motivation in Pre-University Students in Kuantan, Pahang: A Journey of Inner Drive Towards Environmental Responsibility
This study embarks on an exploration into the vital connection between the inherent drive to learn, known as intrinsic motivation (IM), and the active involvement in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) among pre-university students nestled in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Recognizing that a sustainable future hinges on an engaged and motivated citizenry, we delve into how this inner spark of curiosity and enjoyment can ignite a passion for environmental and social responsibility. Through a quantitative lens, surveying 127 students and employing the robust analytical framework of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), our findings illuminate a statistically significant and positive relationship: when students are driven by an internal desire to learn, their engagement with ESD flourishes (β = 0.487, p < 0.001), exhibiting a noteworthy medium to large effect (f² = 0.311). This study investigates whether intrinsic motivation is positively related to engagement in Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) among pre-university students in Kuantan, Pahang, guided by the research question, "Is there a significant positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and ESD engagement?" and the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation significantly influences students’ participation in ESD. This suggests that nurturing the joy of learning can be a powerful catalyst in fostering a generation deeply invested in sustainable development. Ultimately, this research underscores the crucial role of intrinsic motivation in shaping environmentally conscious future leaders within the Malaysian pre-university educational landscape, offering valuable insights for educators and policymakers alike.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tun Norasida Aziz , Hui Yee Po, Siti Fatiha Ismail, Aznira Zakaria, Mohd Remie Mohd Johan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Influence of Coaches' Behaviour on Malaysian National Squash Athletes' Satisfaction
In sports scene, identifying coach behaviour is a phenomenon that has been frequently grab the attention of athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of coaches’ behaviour on Malaysian national squash athletes’ satisfaction. Malaysian national squash athletes (n = 30) were required to complete Coaching Behaviour Scale for Sport (CBS-S) and Athletes Satisfaction Questionnaire (ASQ). The results of Pearson Correlation (r) analysis revealed that a significant association was found between physical training and planning, competition strategies, personal positive behaviour, mental preparation and goal settings with athletes’ satisfaction. However, there was no significant relationship between technical skills and coach’s negative personal behaviour with athletes’ satisfaction was discovered. It indicates that the Malaysian national squash athletes were satisfying more with the coach’s physical training and planning, competition strategies, personal positive behaviour, mental preparation and goal settings coaching behaviour rather than the two facet subscales - technical skills and negative personal rapport. Future studies to evaluate the potential of coaching behaviour for performance enhancement a warranted.
Copyright (c) 2026 Harith Rusydin Abd Rahman, Zulkifli Ismail, Irfan Hadif Rashid, Nur Amirah Zaker, Mohd Khalil Azham Abu Bakar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Motivational Determinants of Water-Based Activity Participation among Kedah Community
Water-based activities provide diverse opportunities for physical, psychological, and social engagement with nature. Despite their numerous benefits, participation in such activities remains limited across Malaysian communities. This study investigates the intrinsic and extrinsic motivational factors influencing participation in water-based activities among the Kedah community, guided by Deci and Ryan’s Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A quantitative approach using the Leisure Motivation Scale (LMS-28) was employed, involving a stratified sample of 160 respondents. The findings reveal that “To Experience Stimulation” recorded the highest mean score (M = 5.90) for intrinsic motivation, emphasizing excitement and sensory enjoyment as the primary drivers. Meanwhile, “Identified” motivation obtained the highest mean (M = 5.77) for extrinsic motivation, indicating that personal significance and goal alignment play crucial roles in engagement. Independent T-Test results showed no significant gender differences (p > 0.05) for both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The results demonstrate that men and women are equally motivated to participate in water-based activities, challenging gender stereotypes and promoting inclusivity. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of motivational determinants that can inform future strategies to enhance community engagement, improve participation rates, and foster healthier, more active lifestyles within Malaysian society.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohd Khairulanwar Md Yusof, Muhammad Aisar Che Rouse, Ellail Ain Mohd Aznan, Siti Amalina Mohd Yazid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Search Competence and Online Information Retrieval in Teacher Education: Evidence from Nigerian Colleges of Education
In today’s digital academic environment, the ability to locate, evaluate, and apply online information effectively has become a fundamental skill for educators. However, in many developing regions, particularly in Nigeria’s northeastern states, the digital divide continues to restrict educators’ engagement with online academic resources. This study examined the search skills of business educators in colleges of education across Adamawa and Taraba States. It focused on their proficiency in retrieving online information resources, the availability and utilization of digital tools, and the barriers that impede effective access. A descriptive survey design was adopted, and data were collected from accounting, marketing, and management lecturers using a structured questionnaire validated through expert review and pilot testing. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify disciplinary variations and explore the relationship between search skills and effective retrieval. Findings revealed that business educators possess basic digital literacy but have limited competence in advanced search techniques such as Boolean operations, database filtering, and citation tracking. Inadequate internet connectivity, high data costs, and the absence of institutional subscriptions to scholarly databases were identified as major constraints. The study found a significant positive relationship between educators’ search skills and their ability to retrieve credible online information resources. The study concludes that strengthening search literacy through continuous professional development, improved institutional access to databases, and targeted digital training programs is vital for enhancing teaching and research quality in business education. This work contributes to the broader discourse on information retrieval competence within low-infrastructure academic environments and offers actionable insights for policymakers, educational administrators, and library professionals in Nigeria and other similar contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Faith Ametefe, Ngozi Ibelegbu, Alice Abalis, James Godspower, Dawuda Sendere, Stephen Emmanuel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of Cooperative Learning Among Secondary School Mathematics Teachers
This study explores how cooperative learning is implemented by secondary school mathematics teachers. Using a quantitative survey design, data were gathered from 80 teachers across several schools. The investigation focused on three main objectives: comparing cooperative learning with other teaching approaches, examining its influence on student engagement and academic performance, and understanding teachers’ perceptions and attitudes toward this method. A 30-item questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was used, and the results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Overall, the findings show that teachers generally view cooperative learning positively and consider it an effective strategy for mathematics instruction. The results also reflect the premise of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, where positive attitudes encourage actual practice. Nevertheless, some challenges were noted, particularly regarding the shift from traditional teaching to more active, student-centered approaches.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Syazana Rosly, Siti Nursyamimi Wahidah Nordin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
TikTok Video Credibility: A Purchase Decision Among Consumers in Pahang, Malaysia
This study examines the influence of TikTok video credibility on consumer purchasing decisions among users in Pahang, Malaysia. Drawing on theories such as the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the Technology Acceptance Model, this study examines how content creativity, informativeness, influencer trustworthiness, engagement metrics, and product review quality influence consumer trust and purchasing behavior. Using a quantitative approach with survey data from 403 active TikTok users, the research employs Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the relationships between these variables. Results indicate that content creativity, influencer trustworthiness, and engagement metrics have a significant impact on purchase decisions, whereas informativeness does not exhibit a substantial influence. The findings underscore the significance of authentic, engaging, and creatively produced content in influencing consumer behavior on TikTok, offering valuable insights for marketers seeking to optimize their video strategies within the local Malaysian context. The study contributes to understanding the social media credibility factors that drive consumer purchasing in semi-urban markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wei Xuan Tan, Moi Kee Ng, Yi Shuen Khoo, Mohd Remie Mohd Johan, Tun Norasida Aziz, Nursyamilah Annuar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Customers’ Satisfaction: Factors Affecting Online Shopping During Covid-19 Pandemic
Shopping is now easier and more accessible than ever in today’s hurried and connected society. This study was conducted to find out the factors influencing customer satisfaction in online shopping during COVID-19. Some barriers have contributed to the unwillingness of Malaysians because they worry others will take their personal information. Two factors were analyzed in this research, which are Information Quality and e-Service Quality, with a sample size of 150 respondents, and a convenience sampling method was used. A set of questionnaires was distributed online through Google Forms by sharing links in WhatsApp and email. Then, the data is analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The result showed that Information Quality and e-Service Quality have different relationships with customer satisfaction in online shopping. The limitations of this study are that the variables may not be sufficient, and there should be more variables to be considered in future research that may have a more significant impact. This study contributes to the realization that customer happiness is the most important factor to prioritize to improve a company’s favourable reputation in the marketplace
Copyright (c) 2025 Amirudin Mohd Zani, Nazlin Emieza Ngah, Zuraida Mohamad, Nurul Izani Mohammad, Najdah Abd Aziz, Roszainora Dato’ Haji Setia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Determinants of Artificial Intelligence and Its Effects on Learning Motivation among Students in Higher Education Institutions
Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely acknowledged for its capacity to revolutionise higher education by enabling more dynamic, personalised, and efficient learning environments. This study examines the influence of opportunities to utilise AI, the perceived significance of AI, and students’ attitudes towards AI on their motivation to learn. Data were collected from 208 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan Branch using a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, based on a targeted sample size of 331. The findings reveal significant positive relationships between students’ attitudes, the perceived importance of AI, and their motivation to engage with it in their learning process. The opportunity to utilise AI also emerged as a notable factor in enhancing student motivation. Interpreted through the lens of Expectancy Theory, the results suggest that students are more motivated when they believe their efforts will lead to improved learning outcomes (expectancy), that these outcomes are attainable (instrumentality), and that they are personally meaningful (valence). The effective integration of AI in education requires careful consideration of factors such as faculty preparedness, equitable access, and ethical implications. Institutions must ensure that AI adoption extends beyond mere technological implementation and instead supports students’ values, promotes inclusivity, and cultivates an engaging learning environment. This study highlights the importance of a strategic, theory-informed approach to AI integration to enhance student engagement and academic success in higher education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nik Sarina Nik Md Salleh, Noorazzila Shamsuddin, Norshamsiah Ibrahim, Roseliza Hamid, Sakinah Mat Zin, Nazatul Shahreen Zainal Abidin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Development of Predictive Models for Power Performance Based on Anthropometric Variables in Amateur Football Players
This study aims to determine the correlation between selected anthropometric variables and power ability, and to develop predictive models for power ability. Fifteen male players from UiTM Perlis FC (aged 20.87 ± 1.19 years) were recruited for this study. The anthropometric variables were measured using different instruments, including body weight, height, body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, calf circumference, thigh circumference, ankle circumference, leg length, foot length and fat-free mass. Power ability was assessed using the countermovement jump (CMJ) test. Pearson correlation was used to analyze relationships between anthropometric variables and power, while multiple regression was applied to develop predictive models for power. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between power ability and body weight (r = 0.79), fat-free mass (r = 0.83), body mass index (r = 0.64), waist circumference (r = 0.66), hip circumference (r = 0.69), calf circumference (r = 0.58), thigh circumference (r = 0.67), and ankle circumference (r = 0.61), p ≤ 0.05. The predictive model for power ability is = 315.819 - (18.572) body weight + (57.922) fat-free mass + (83.478) body mass index - (1.095) waist circumference - (36.472) hip circumference + (4.107) thigh circumference. In conclusion, anthropometric variables significantly correlate with amateur football players' power ability. Therefore, coaches and practitioners should emphasize developing these variables to enhance power performance.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZULKIFLI ISMAIL, NIK SUZAIRAN NIK ZAHIB, HARITH RUSYDIN ABD RAHMAN, NUR AMIRAH ZAKER, MASSHERA JAMALUDIN, AL HAFIZ ABU BAKAR, AHMAD DZULKARNAIN ISMAIL https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Adoption of Digital Marketing among Bumiputera Agropreneurs in Malaysia: The Role of Social Influence, Economic Factors, Convenience and Facilitating Conditions
Digital marketing promotes a seller's platform through digital technologies like websites, social media platforms, or mobile shopping apps. Marketers have increasingly adopted digital marketing to reach customers. In addition, the government also encourages business owners to incorporate digital marketing into their operations because it can significantly impact their business by helping them reach a wide range of customers both domestically and internationally. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to examine the adoption of digital marketing among agropreneurs in Perlis. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 86 agropreneurs in Perlis using a simple random sampling approach. Results indicate that social influence, convenience and facilitating conditions are positively related to adopting digital marketing among agropreneurs in Perlis. This study concludes with several recommendations to help agropreneurs enhance their understanding and skills in adopting digital marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zulaiha Ahmad, Josephine Tening Pahang, Syazwani Ya, Ima Ilyani Ibrahim, Farah Lina Azizan, Nur Assyura Zahirah Muhamat Anuar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining the Effect of Data-Driven Technology Adoption Factor Towards Smart Facilities Management in Public Sector
Facilities Management (FM) in public sector involves overseeing large-scale, complex infrastructures that generate vast amounts of data especially. The integration of data-driven technologies (DDT), such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Big Data Analytics (BDA), and Artificial Intelligence (AI) could utilize data towards Smart FM practice. However, the adoption of these DDT in government FM practices are not fully realized due to individual and organizational challenges. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the key determinants factors influencing DDT adoption in FM from both individual and organizational perspective. Grounded in the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this research employs a deductive approach, using a structured questionnaire survey. A total of 216 responses from Malaysian government FM practitioner were analysed by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique. Findings reveal that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, technology readiness, and organizational support significantly influence DDT adoption towards Smart FM, while environmental factors do not. The results provide valuable insights for policymakers and FM practitioners seeking to enhance data-driven transformation in public sector facilities management.
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Rahimi A Rahman, Associate Professor Sr Dr. Irwan Mohammad Ali, Sr Dr Wan Samsul Zamani Wan Hamdan, Ts. Dr. Mohd Najib Abd Rashid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Food Security and Technological Solutions in Military Settings: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis
Food security and technology have become increasingly important in military contexts, especially as global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and geopolitical conflicts highlight vulnerabilities in food supply chains. This study aims to explore the intersection of food security technologies within military operations through a bibliometric and thematic analysis. Conducting a bibliometric analysis provides a structured view of research trends, identifying key authors, influential journals, and emerging themes, ensuring the study’s focus and relevance. The study used Scopus and Web of Science databases to gather publications, with data analyzed using tools like ScientoPy and VOSviewer for visualization. The bibliometric analysis focused on examining global research output, leading countries, and technological advancements in food security, while the thematic analysis employed Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step framework to identify recurring themes and patterns.Key findings indicate a surge in publications on food security in military contexts from 2019 to 2024, driven largely by technological innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI). The analysis also revealed that the United States and China lead in research output, while emerging research themes focus on global food security, the environmental impact of military food systems, and the role of technology in enhancing operational readiness. This study contributes valuable insights into how technological advancements are shaping the future of food security in military operations, offering guidance for future research and policymaking in high-risk environments.
Food Security; Military Technology; Bibliometric Analysis; Thematic Analysis, Technological Innovations
Copyright (c) 2025 Mohamad Azli Razali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Presenteeism in the Education Sector: A Cross-Sectional Study of Psychological Distress Among Malaysia Academics In Higher Education Institution
Presenteeism is characterized by employees being physically present at work despite experiencing health issues, reduced productivity, or a lack of psychological engagement. Its occurrence varies by sector but is notably prevalent in professions that demand frequent interpersonal interaction. Although previous research has largely focused on presenteeism within the healthcare sector, emerging evidence suggests that its prevalence is highest in the education field. This pattern is likely influenced by the intrinsic demands of academic and teaching roles, which involve delivering instruction, offering support, and fulfilling the essential developmental needs of both students and colleagues. Academics driven by intrinsic motivation to engage in research, teaching, or learning often demonstrate a strong commitment to their professional responsibilities, leading them to attend work despite experiencing physical or psychological distress. Their dedication to their roles may compel them to maintain work attendance irrespective of their current health status. Psychological distress, which includes emotions of suffering, anxiety, and burnout, significantly impact presenteeism. Therefore, the purpose of this cross-sectional study was to better understand the psychological distress has a significant relationship on presenteeism among academics in Malaysia. Using a quantitative research method, 382 academics from Malaysian public and private universities were chosen by stratified random sampling. This research was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess relationships and statistical significance. This research highlights a negative relationship between psychological distress and presenteeism. The article includes additional discussion of the findings and finishes with suggestions for future research.
Copyright (c) 2025 Nurul Atiqah Mohd Azlan, Syed Jamal Abdul Nasir Syed Mohamad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Social Accounting Research Publications: Global Trends and Leading Contributors
Social accounting practices are being accepted worldwide due to the increasing importance of sustainability and corporate social responsibility. However, the rate of acceptance varies. Hence, this study aims to examine the major contributors, the trends, and the distribution of research documents in social accounting research to assess global research developments. This study extracted 299 publication documents from the Scopus database on 7 May 2025, covering the period from 2004 to 2024. The publication documents focus on business, management, and accounting, as research interests in this topic area are evolving. The data were analysed using bibliometric methods, with frequency analysis performed using Microsoft Excel. The results indicate that the number of publications related to "Social Accounting Research" has gradually increased over the 20-year study period since 2004. The findings reveal that the United Kingdom was the leading contributor to social accounting research. Additionally, the University of St Andrews stood out as the most prolific institution, with a total of 17 publications. Meanwhile, the most productive author is Gray, R., with 12 publications, and Bebbington, Larrinaga, and Moneva (2008) received the highest citations for their article. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal was the primary source of titles related to social accounting research, with 32 publications. The keyword analysis found that "social accounting" was the most common in the documents, and the article published by Gray (2006) received the most downloads and views. These findings will assist researchers in understanding global trends and the distribution of research publications, thereby enabling them to strategise future research effectively.
Bibliometric Analysis, Non-financial Information, Social Accounting
Copyright (c) 2025 Nor Kartini Mohd Rodzi, Azrul Abdullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Towards Inclusive Mobility: Strategic Issues in Transportation Access for Malaysian University Students with Disabilities
This study explores the transportation barriers faced by university students with disabilities (PWDs) in Malaysia, highlighting how accessibility challenges impact their mobility and social inclusion. Despite policy efforts aimed at promoting inclusivity, lived realities reveal systemic infrastructural, attitudinal, and financial constraints that continue to marginalize PWD students. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five students with diverse disabilities in UiTM, Seremban. Findings indicate three major themes: inadequate transport infrastructure (e.g., non-functional elevators, lack of universal design), negative societal perceptions (e.g., stigma, lack of staff training), and high transport costs especially for e-hailing services used as alternatives to inaccessible public transit. These barriers disrupt students’ independence, punctuality, and participation in academic and extracurricular activities. The study underscores that transportation access is not merely a logistical concern but a matter of social justice, closely linked to educational equity and national development goals under the MADANI framework. It calls for collaborative interventions between universities, transport authorities, and policymakers to implement universal design standards, conduct disability sensitivity training, and provide financial support for accessible mobility. The study offers empirical insights to inform inclusive campus planning and national transport policies that reflect the lived experiences of students with disabilities.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Aiman Awalluddin, Farhana, Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad, Jasmin Irdina Jefri, Zamimie Fatin Amiera Radzuan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Examining the Role of Training Design, Supervisor Support, Peer Support, and Motivation in Facilitating Training Transfer in a Malaysian Public Sector Context
The purpose of this quantitative research is to examine the extent to which various factors influence the transfer of training within a Malaysian public sector organization, and whether these factors provide advantages or disadvantages to employees. Specifically, the study investigates four key variables: training design, supervisor support, peer support, and motivation to transfer. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 124 male and female employees who regularly participate in training programs within the organization. The questionnaires were carefully designed to capture relevant insights related to the transfer of training. The findings indicate a positive relationship between training design, supervisor support, peer support, and motivation to transfer. However, out of the four independent variables tested, only peer support and motivation to transfer were found to significantly influence the actual transfer of training. These results suggest that interpersonal and motivational factors play a more substantial role in training transfer than the structural elements of training or supervisory involvement. Ultimately, this study aims to enhance understanding of training effectiveness by identifying the most influential factors in promoting successful training transfer within the public sector.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eliy Nazira Mat Nazir, Zuritah Ariffin, Mutiiah Mohamad, Sharir Aizat Kamaruddin, Shukor Sanim Mohd Fauzi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Unconscious Bias in Property Management Organizations (PMOs): Identifying Bias Trends and Mitigation Strategies
This study investigates unconscious bias in Property Management Organisations (PMOs) in Selangor, focusing on its presence in recruitment, tenant selection, vendor engagement, and service delivery. The research aims to identify common bias types and evaluate effective mitigation strategies. Using convenience sampling, data were gathered through questionnaires from various PMO personnel, including managers, executives, and administrative staff. Descriptive analysis and the Relative Importance Index (RII) were used to rank prevalent biases and assess the perceived importance of mitigation strategies. Centrality Bias and Availability Bias emerged as the most common, especially in recruitment and tenant selection. Fostering an inclusive workplace culture and updating recruitment criteria were identified as the most effective mitigation strategies. Although limited to a single region, the study offers practical insights for promoting fairer and more inclusive decision-making in PMOs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Anis Syazwani Sukereman, Nurul Nadiah Zainol, Mona Isa, Muhammad Azwan Sulaiman, Hariati Abdullah Hashim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0