Investigation of Information-seeking Behavior of Secondary School English Teachers for Preparing Lesson Plan

Authors

  • Rayhan Musa Novian Department of Library Science, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
  • Sorakom Dissamana Department of Library Science, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
  • Wachiraporn Klungthanaboon Department of Library Science, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191/jikm.v15iSI2.7208

Keywords:

Information-seeking Behavior, Sources of Information , Awareness of Information, Lesson Plan

Abstract

This study aims to explore sources of information selected by secondary school English teachers when preparing lesson plans, their awareness of information, and their constraints while seeking information for preparing lesson plans. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews to gather data from 15 English teachers at secondary schools in Batam City, Indonesia, via Zoom meeting application. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview data. The findings reveal that secondary school English teachers follow a three-stage pattern in selecting and utilizing information sources: primary, secondary, and tertiary (or complementary). In the primary stage, teachers rely on formal internal sources due to their trustworthiness, accessibility, and familiarity when preparing lesson plans. In the secondary stage, the English teachers turn to informal-external sources to create more engaging and diverse lesson plans that capture student interest. In the tertiary stage, teachers use oral-personal sources to validate their plans through consultation with other English teachers, especially when facing information-seeking constraints. This study has several limitations. Firstly, it is limited to a sample of 15 English teachers, which may not be representative of the broader population. Secondly, the focus solely on English teachers suggests that the findings related to the awareness of information sources and access constraints may not be applicable to teachers of other subjects. Thirdly, all participants were secondary school teachers, implying that the results might vary if primary school teachers were included.

References

ACRL. (2011). Information literacy standards for teacher education. In Association of College & Research Library. https://doi.org/10.5860/crln.72.7.8603

Ahmad, N. L., Yahaya, R., Wahid, H. A., & Fazil, N. S. M. (2023). Role of social factors, self-efficacy and technological support on the use of virtual learning environment among teachers. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(1), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.22628

Ani Hastuti, T., Soegiyanto, Suherman, W. S., Rahayu, S., & Utami, N. S. (2022). Improving the pedagogic competence of physical education teachers. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(2), 377–387. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i2.48231

Aprilia, M., & Mustika, D. (2024). Implementation of the teacher’s role in implementing the Kurikulum Merdeka in elementary school. Inovasi Kurikulum, 21(2), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.17509/jik.v21i2.67106

Ariyani, L. P. S., Kumbara, A. A. N. A., Atmadja, N. B., & Pujaastawa, I. B. G. (2022). Obstacles to public elementary libraries development as learning resources in Singaraja City. Jurnal Kajian Informasi & Perpustakaan, 10(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkip.v10i1.34754

Aslam, R., & Khan, N. (2021). Secondary school teachers’ knowledge and practices about constructive feedback: Evidence from karachi, pakistan. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 40(2), 532–543. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i2.35190

Baharuddin, M. F., Masrek, M. N., & Shuhidan, S. M. (2019). Innovative work behaviour of school teachers: a conceptual framework. IJAEDU- International E-Journal of Advances in Education, V(14), 213–221. https://doi.org/10.18768/ijaedu.593851

Bennett, N. L., Casebeer, L. L., Kristofco, R. E., & Strasser, S. M. (2004). Physicians’ internet information-seeking behaviors. The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, 24(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/chp.1340240106

Bitso, C., & Fourie, I. (2012). An investigation of information-seeking behaviour of geography teachers for an information service intervention: The case of Lesotho. Information Research, 17(4). https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84871527710

Bitso, C., & Fourie, I. (2014). Information-seeking behaviour of prospective geography teachers at the National University of Lesotho. Information Research, 19(3). https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84937044510

Bitso, C. M. L., & Fourie, I. (2014). Information-seeking behaviour of prospective geography teachers at the National University of Lesotho. Information Research, 19(3). https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84937044510

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Browne, B., & Martzoukou, K. (2022). An investigation into the information-seeking behaviour of professionals, working within the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in Ireland. Library Management, 43(5), 370–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/LM-11-2021-0099

Byström, K., Heinström, J., & Ruthven, I. (2018). Information at Work. In K. Byström, J. Heinström, & I. Ruthven (Eds.), Information at Work (pp. 33–63). Facet Publishing. https://doi.org/10.29085/9781783302772

Case, D. O., & Given, L. M. (2016). Looking for Information: A Survey of Research on Information Seeking, Needs, and Behavior. In Emerald (4th ed.). Emerald. https://doi.org/10.1108/01435121311310941

Chen, Y., Qiu, Y., Lin, H., & Zhao, Y. (2022). The effects of topic familiarity on college students’ learning search process. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 74(6), 1151–1173. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-09-2021-0252

Chinenye, O. G., & Chibuike, A. F. (2021a). Information needs and information seeking behaviour of secondary school teachers in Umunze, Anambra State. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021(September), 1–30.

Chinenye, O. G., & Chibuike, A. F. (2021b). Information Needs and Information Seeking Behaviour of Secondary School Teachers in Umunze, Anambra State. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2021, 1–30. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85116564534

Contreras, K., Arredondo, C., Díaz, C., Inostroza, M. J., & Strickland, B. (2020). Examining differences between pre- and in-service teachers’ cognition when lesson planning. System, 91, 102240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102240

Detlefsen, E. G. (1998). The information behaviors of life and health scientists and health care providers: Characteristics of the research literature. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association, 86(3), 385–390.

Ekstrand, M. D., Wright, K. L., & Pera, M. S. (2020). Enhancing classroom instruction with online news. Aslib Journal of Information Management, 72(5), 725–744. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJIM-11-2019-0309

Ford, N. (2017). Introduction to information behaviour. In Facet Publishing. Facet Publishing. https://doi.org/10.29085/9781783301843

Garoufallou, E., Antonopoulou, S., Pervolaraki, I. E., Siatri, R., Zafeiriou, G., & Virkus, S. (2016). How primary teachers in Greece seek information: Use and initial appraisal of information resources. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 676, pp. 202–211). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52162-6_20

Guclu, I. (2018). Understanding information-seeking behavior for conducting tasks: an exploratory study. International Information and Library Review, 50(4), 265–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2017.1399776

Gunasekera, C., & Balasubramani, R. (2020a). Challenges faced by school teachers when seeking information: how barriers be addressed. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2020(December), 1–19.

Gunasekera, C., & Balasubramani, R. (2020b). Challenges Faced by School Teachers when Seeking Information: How Barriers be Addressed. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2020, 1–19. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85098126109

Gunasekera, C., & Balasubramani, R. (2020c). Use of Information and Communication Technologies by School Teachers in Sri Lanka for Information Seeking. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2020(January 2020).

Gunasekera, C., Balasubramani, R., & Arumugam, J. (2019). Study of information seeking pattern of school teachers in Sri Lanka with respect to Curriculum planning. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2019. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85072862933

Hakim, A. (2015). Contribution of Competence Teacher (Pedagogical, Personality, Professional Competence and Social) On the Performance of Learning. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science, 4(2), 1–12. www.theijes.com

Handayani, S. L., & Amirullah, G. (2019). Meningkatkan pemahaman guru sekolah dasar melalui pelatihan penyusunan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran berbasis literasi, 4C, PPK dan HOTS. Jurnal SOLMA, 8(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.29405/solma.v8i1.2949

Hasbi, M., & Wahyuni, M. (2020). Rencana Pelaksanaan.

Hsieh-Yee, I. (2020). Can We Trust Social Media? Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 25(1–2), 9–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875301.2021.1947433

Irafahmi, D. T., & Sulastri, S. (2016). Developing an accounting textbook using collaborative learning and IFRS for senior high school students in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 1(2), 52–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-2016-01-02-B003

Jannah, M., Dewi, N. K., & Oktaviyanti, I. (2021). Analisis Faktor Kesulitan Guru Dalam Menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (Rpp) Di Sdn 05 Ampenan. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendas: Primary Education Journal, 2(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.29303/pendas.v2i1.100

Jantarach, V., & Soontornwipast, K. (2018). EFL Student Teachers’ Lesson Planning Processes: A Grounded Theory Study. Arab World English Journal, 9(3), 311–330. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no3.21

JeongHoon, L., Jongwook, L., & ByeongKi, L. (2019). Analysis of Information Seeking Behaviors of Social Science Teachers According to Their Task. Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for Library and Information Science, 30(JeongHoon Lim), 223–244.

Johnson, J. L., Adkins, D., & Chauvin, S. (2020). A review of the quality indicators of rigor in qualitative research. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 84(1), 138–146. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe7120

Juliani, R., Utari, S., & Saepuzaman, D. (2017). Rekonstruksi rancangan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) melalui analisis lesulitan literasi sains peserta didik sekolah menengah pertama pada topik listrik dinamis. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika Dan Sains, 1(1), 1–9.

Kammer, J., King, M., Donahay, A., & Koeberl, H. (2021). Strategies for successful school librarian and teacher collaboration. School Library Research, 24(January).

Kemdikbud. (2024). Konsep dan Komponen Modul Ajar. Kemdikbud. https://guru.kemdikbud.go.id/kurikulum/perkenalan/perangkat-ajar/konsep-komponen-modul-ajar/

Keprinews.co. (2019). Disdik Kepri Menyerahkan Hasil UN SMP MTs 2018/2019. Keprinews.Co. https://keprinews.co/28/05/2019/disdik-kepri-menyerahkan-hasil-un-smp-mts-2018-2019/

Kim, K. S., & Sin, S. C. J. (2007). Perception and selection of information sources by undergraduate students: effects of avoidant style, confidence, and personal control in problem-solving. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 33(6), 655–665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2007.09.012

Kim, K. S., Yoo-Lee, E., & Sin, S. C. J. (2011). Social media as information source: Undergraduates’ use and evaluation behavior. Proceedings of the ASIST Annual Meeting, 48. https://doi.org/10.1002/meet.2011.14504801283

Kuhlthau, C. C. (1987). Information Skills for an Information Society: A Review of Research. In ERIC. http://search.proquest.com/docview/57728715?accountid=14167%5Cnhttp://hj8rd9ww6h.search.serialssolutions.com/directLink?&atitle=Deconstructing+the+Library:+Reconceptualizing+Collections,+Spaces+and+Services&author=Pritchard,+Sarah+M&issn=01930826&title=Jo

Kuhlthau, C. C. (1991). Inside the search process: Information seeking from the user’s perspective. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 42(5), 361–371. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(199106)42:5<361::AID-ASI6>3.0.CO;2-#

Kurniawan, R. (2023). 10 Besar Sekolah SMP Terbaik di Batam Berdasarkan UN 2019, Cek Disini Rerata Nilainya. Kepripost.Com. https://kepri.pikiran-rakyat.com/pendidikan/pr-2686075345/10-besar-sekolah-smp-terbaik-di-batam-berdasarkan-un-2019-cek-disini-rerata-nilainya

Leckie, G. J., Pettigrew, K. E., & Sylvain, C. (1996). Modeling the information seeking of professionals: a general model derived from research on engineers. health care professionals, and lawyers. Library Quaterly, 66(2), 161–193. https://doi.org/10.1086/602864

Maqbool, R., Soroya, S. H., & Mahmood, K. (2023). Factors driving the exposure to information sources: Pakistani farmers’ information behavior. Information Development, 39(2), 202–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669211049108

Mawardi. (2019). Optimalisasi kompetensi guru dalam penyusunan rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Jurnal Ilmiah DIDAKTIKA: Media Ilmiah Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.22373/jid.v20i1.3859

Ministry of Education & Culture. (2019). Capaian ujian nasional. Kementerian Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan. https://hasilun.pusmenjar.kemdikbud.go.id/#2019!smp!capaian!31&99&999!T&T&T&T&1&unbk!2!

Moon, M. D. (2019). Triangulation: A Method to Increase Validity, Reliability, and Legitimation in Clinical Research. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 45(1), 103–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2018.11.004

Msoffe, G. E. P., & Ngulube, P. (2017). Information sources preference of poultry farmers in selected rural areas of Tanzania. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 49(1), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961000616632054

Musingafi, M. C. C., Mhute, I., Zebron, S., Kaseke, K. E., Studies, D., Campus, M. R., Studies, M., Campus, M. R., West, M., Campus, R., & Campus, H. R. (2015). Ej1082472. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(9), 54–60. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1082472&site=ehost-live

Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop a Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789

Olaniran, S. O. (2020). E-information seeking behaviour of youths in a pre-service teacher training by distance. Youth Voice Journal, 10, 1–21. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85089246225

Peraturan Pemerintah No 24 Tahun 2014 tentang Perpustakaan, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 tahun 2014 tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 2007 tentang Perpustakaan 60 (2014).

Perrault, A. M. (2007a). An exploratory study of biology teachers’ online information seeking practices. School Library Media Research, 10. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/33947608431

Perrault, A. M. (2007b). An exploratory study of biology teachers’ online information seeking practices. School Library Media Research, 10.

Pickard, A. J. (2013). Research methods in information (2nd ed.). Facet Publishing.

Ping, C., Schellings, G., & Beijaard, D. (2018). Teacher educators’ professional learning: A literature review. Teaching and Teacher Education, 75, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.06.003

Putman, S. M., & Crossley, A. (2022). Examining German and American teachers’ perceptions about students’ use of the internet to conduct research. Pedagogies, 18(4), 559–577. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2022.2077342

Richards, J. C., & Renandya, W. A. (2011). Lesson Planning and Classroom Management. In J. C. Richards & W. A. Renandya (Eds.), Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511667190.005

Savolainen, R. (2012). Conceptualizing information need in context. Information Research, 17(4).

Savolainen, R. (2015). Cognitive barriers to information seeking: A conceptual analysis. Journal of Information Science, 41(5), 613–623. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551515587850

Savolainen, R. (2016a). Approaches to socio-cultural barriers to information seeking. Library and Information Science Research, 38(1), 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2016.01.007

Savolainen, R. (2016b). Approaching the affective barriers to information seeking: the viewpoint of appraisal theory. Information Research, 21(4), 1–20. http://search-ebscohost-com.ez45.periodicos.capes.gov.br/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=120169899&lang=pt-br&site=ehost-live&authtype=ip,cookie,uid

Shavelson, R. J., & Stern, P. (1981). Research on Teachers’ Pedagogical Thoughts, Judgments, Decisions, and Behavior. In Review of Educational Research (Vol. 51, Issue 4). https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543051004455

Silvana, H., Rullyana, G., & Hadiapurwa, A. (2019). Kebutuhan informasi guru di era digital: studi kasus di sekolah dasar labschool Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Baca: Jurnal Dokumentasi Dan Informasi, 40(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.14203/j.baca.v40i2.454

Tanni, M. (2012). Teacher trainees’ information acquisition in lesson planning. Information Research, 17(3), 530. https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/84869789487

Vinet, L., & Zhedanov, A. (2011). A “missing” family of classical orthogonal polynomials. In C. Cole & A. Spink (Eds.), Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Vol. 44, Issue 8, p. 143). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/8/085201

Virkus, S., & Mathiesen, M. (2019). Information Seeking Behavior of Primary School Teachers in Estonia: An Exploratory Study. In Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 989, pp. 317–328). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13472-3_30

Wilkinson, M. A. (2001). Information sources used by lawyers in problem solving: An empirical exploration. Library and Information Science Research, 23(3), 257–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0740-8188(01)00082-2

Wilson, T. D. (1997). Trends in . . . A critical review: Information behaviour: An interdisciplinary perspective. Information Processing and Management, 33(4), 551–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(97)00028-9

Wilson, T.D. (1997). Information behaviour: An interdisciplinary perspective. Information Processing & Management, 33(4), 551–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4573(97)00028-9

Wilson, T D. (2000). Human information behavior. Informing Science, 3(2), 49–55. https://doi.org/10.28945/576

Wilson, Thomas D. (2024). Approaches to information-seeking behaviour in psychology: a comparison of early and contemporary studies. Information Research, 29(1), 34–53. https://doi.org/10.47989/ir291694

Wu, M. Der, & Chen, S. C. (2008). Elementary schoolteachers’ use of instructional materials on the web. Electronic Library, 26(6), 833–843. https://doi.org/10.1108/02640470810921619

Zaragoza, A., Seidel, T., & Santagata, R. (2023). Lesson analysis and plan template: scaffolding preservice teachers’ application of professional knowledge to lesson planning. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 55(2), 138–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2023.2182650

Zinn, S., Stilwell, C., & Hoskins, R. (2016). Information Literacy Education in the South African Classroom: Reflections from Teachers’ Journals in the Western Cape Province. Libri, 66(1), 31–44. https://doi.org/10.1515/libri-2015-0102

Downloads

Published

01-08-2025

How to Cite

Novian, R. M. ., Dissamana, S. ., & Klungthanaboon, W. . (2025). Investigation of Information-seeking Behavior of Secondary School English Teachers for Preparing Lesson Plan. Journal of Information and Knowledge Management, 15(SI2), 23–41. https://doi.org/10.24191/jikm.v15iSI2.7208

Issue

Section

The 6th International Conference of Information Science