Journal of Academia
type: channel
description: JoA is indexed at MyCite and DOAJ. The Journal of Academia (JoA) (e-ISSN: 2289-6368) is an open–access and Universiti Teknologi MARA campus-based refereed journal. JoA will be publishing articles two times in a year (April Issue and October Issue). JoA will be accepting research paper in the fields of multidisciplinary as specified in the Aims and Scope section. Authors interested in submitting a paper, should send the paper using an online submission (OJS UiTM). PUBLICATION IS FREE OF CHARGE. JoA is available in DOAJ, Google Scholar Read full details of the journal here. CLICK HERE TO SUBMIT MANUSCRIPT
publisher: UiTM Press
language: en
publication name: Journal of Academia
issn: 2289-6368
items: EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING COORDINATE GEOMETRY THROUGH COMICS: A NOVEL VISUAL APPROACH
items: WHAT DRIVES FINTECH ADOPTION? EXAMINING KEY PREDICTORS AMONG MALAYSIAN USERS
items: Development and Evaluation of a Novel Real-Time PCR Assay for Specific Detection of Chlamydia psittaci in Clinical Respiratory Specimens
items: Understanding Learner Perspectives on E-Learning Tools: A Case Study of the MyIntegrated Reading Companion
items: NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF EMITTER AND BASE LAYER DOPING CONCENTRATION FOR SILICON SOLAR CELLS BASED ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS
items: OPTIMIZING SWEET CORN AND GROUNDNUT INTERCROPPING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
items: Forecasting Malaysia's Unemployment Rate: A Comparative Study of ARIMA and Interupted Time Series with ARIMA models
items: Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography and Chemometric Analyses for Halal Authentication in Food Products
items: KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL ANAESTHETICS IN AQUACULTURE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
items: CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF INSTANT NOODLE SEASONING EXTRACT ON Allium cepa ROOT
items: BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF OLEYL OLEATE AS AN ACTIVE AGENT TO BE APPLIED IN COSMETIC FORMULATION.
items: EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN PHYTOCHEMICALS, miRNA EXPRESSION, AND CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH
items: THE EFFECTS OF SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST ON PLANT GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON Amaranthus tricolor
items: EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HALIA MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM DESA WISATA TUO PARIANGAN, WEST SUMATRA
items: Application of enzyme preparation in alcoholic industry
items: FROM FORMULAS TO FUN: CC FACTS RACE GAMIFIES FOOD AND BEVERAGE COST CONTROL LEARNING
items: BINGE-WATCHING ADDICTION ON OVER-THE-TOP (OTT) AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
items: A RAPID ASSESSMENT ON VERTEBRATES IN UiTM KUALA PILAH CAMPUS AND ITS ADJACENT FOREST RESERVE, NEGERI SEMBILAN
items: Editorial Note
items: THE EFFECTS OF EFB COMPOST AND HEXACONAZOLE ON BETA-CAROTENE CONTENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF SWEET POTATO VAR. VITATO
items: [Zn(TAC)]Cl COMPLEX POTENTIAL AS CORROSION INHIBITORS: SYNTHESIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
items: SALIENT FEATURES OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT, VISUAL PRESENTATION AND COPYWRITING FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: AN EXPLORATORY PERSPECTIVE
items: DETECTION OF LEAD, MERCURY AND ARSENIC IN THREE NATURAL SPRING WATER IN NEGERI SEMBILAN
items: IS THE RIGHT TO HEALTH UNDERMINED BY THE AGREEMENT OF TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?
items: SPORTS LAW: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF LEARNING LEGAL ASPECTS IN SPORTS AND RECREATION AMONGST SPORT STUDENTS IN UITM NEGERI SEMBILAN, SEREMBAN CAMPUS
items: SOLVING THE STATISTICAL TEST SELECTION PROBLEM IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING
items: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIELD TRIPS AS A TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGY: A CASE STUDY OF FIELD TRIP TO THE PARLIAMENT
items: EFFECT OF LAUNDERINGS ON THE PILLING PROPERTIES OF COTTON AND POLYESTER WEFT KNITTED FABRICS
items: PERCEIVING STATISTICAL KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DIGITAL APPS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
items: TEACHING METHODS OF INTEGRATED NAQLI AND AQLI KNOWLEDGE FOR GIFTED AND TALENTED MUSLIM STUDENTS

EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON LEARNING COORDINATE GEOMETRY THROUGH COMICS: A NOVEL VISUAL APPROACH
type: item
description: Recent years have shown an increasing focus on developing and implementing innovative pedagogical strategies that improve student engagement and understanding of complex mathematical concepts. One such approach involves the use of comics as a learning tool to make abstract topics more accessible and engaging. However, despite potential advantages, research on students' perceptions of the creation and use of comics specifically in mathematics education, particularly in areas such as coordinate geometry, remains limited. Thus, this article aims to examine students' perspectives regarding the creation and use of comics in the classroom for understanding coordinate geometry, a subject under the Foundation Mathematics course taken by students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia. This study took a quantitative approach using a survey method. The sample consisted of 100 CDCS240, CDCS253, and CDCS255 students from UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia. The research data were obtained from questionnaires filled out by students and distributed online. The findings revealed that when students created comics to express their understanding of coordinate geometry, they engage in a creative and constructive process that promotes the development of problem solving, representation, and communication abilities. These findings highlight the effectiveness of comics as an effective pedagogical tool in mathematics education. Integrating comics into teaching practices may enhance students’ conceptual understanding and motivation, pointing to valuable opportunities for curriculum innovation and instructional design within Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) fields.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: comics
  topic: keywords
subject: mathematics education
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching tools
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurmarni Athirah Abdul Wahid
creator: Nur Hazwani Aqilah Abdul Wahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 238
ending page: 250
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.7086

WHAT DRIVES FINTECH ADOPTION? EXAMINING KEY PREDICTORS AMONG MALAYSIAN USERS
type: item
description: Understanding the behavioural drivers behind FinTech (Financial Technology) adoption is essential in accelerating digital financial inclusion, especially in emerging markets. This study examines the effects of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, brand image, financial literacy, financial health, user innovativeness, government support, and attitude on FinTech adoption in Malaysia. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical foundation, data were collected from 203 experienced FinTech users and analysed using multiple regression techniques. The results show that all variables, except attitude, have a significant and positive influence on adoption, with user innovativeness identified as the strongest predictor. The insignificance of attitude challenges conventional assumptions within acceptance models, suggesting that practical considerations, personal capabilities, and structural enablers may have greater influence than emotional or attitudinal responses in this context. These findings extend current adoption frameworks by incorporating financial and contextual dimensions relevant to emerging markets. The study offers theoretical contributions by refining the understanding of user behaviour in digital finance and highlights the need for FinTech solutions that prioritise functionality, trust, and accessibility. Practically, the results provide actionable insights for FinTech developers, regulators, and policymakers to design targeted strategies that drive inclusive adoption and enhance financial empowerment across diverse user segments in Malaysia.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: FinTech Adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: User Innovativeness
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Government Support
  topic: keywords
creator: Tilagawathy Supramaniam
creator: Nur Amalina Zulkefli
creator: Shishi Kumar Piaralal
creator: Santhi Raghavan
creator: Rethinasamy Veretharajoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 251
ending page: 262
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.8461

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Real-Time PCR Assay for Specific Detection of Chlamydia psittaci in Clinical Respiratory Specimens
type: item
description: Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that is zoonotic causing diseases called psittacosis in humans. Humans are usually infected through inhalation, which often leads to atypical pneumonia, with fatal outcome if left untreated. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective clinical management and containment of potential outbreaks. Nevertheless, C. psittaci infections are often underestimated as their clinical and laboratory presentations closely resemble those of other respiratory infections. Traditional diagnostic methods relied on serology and culture but has limitations in specificity, sensitivity and biosafety. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a rapid, specific and sensitive real-time PCR assay targeting the ompA gene for detection of C. psittaci in human respiratory samples. A synthetic plasmid containing an ompA gene fragment was used as a positive control, eliminating the need for hazardous live cultures while ensuring assay stability. Specificity testing against 28 bacterial strains revealed no cross-reactivity, and in silico PCR analysis against 268 bacterial genomes confirmed exclusive amplification of C. psittaci. Spiking experiments with human respiratory samples (n=43) demonstrated robust detection across various matrices and concentrations, with no amplification in non-spiked controls, confirming absence of false positives. The assay achieved a detection limit of 0.0002 pg (~25 DNA copies) with 97.84% amplification efficiency and an R² of 0.9995, indicating high precision and reproducibility. These findings establish the developed real-time PCR assay as a highly specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for C. psittaci, enabling rapid and accurate detection to support timely clinical management and outbreak control
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: birds
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic
  topic: keywords
subject: ompA
  topic: keywords
subject: psittacosis
  topic: keywords
subject: zoonotic
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular diagnostic
  topic: subjects
subject: Microbiology
  topic: subjects
subject: Molecular biology
  topic: disciplines
creator: Nurhamimah Zainal Abidin
creator: Nur Bainun Mohd Zin
creator: Noorlis Ahmad
creator: Siti Norsuhaida Mohmd Azman
creator: Jama’ayah Mohamed Zahidi
creator: Hana Farizah Zamri
creator: Rohaidah Hashim
creator: Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 263
ending page: 272
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.8607

Understanding Learner Perspectives on E-Learning Tools: A Case Study of the MyIntegrated Reading Companion
type: item
description: This study investigates students’ perceptions of the MyIntegrated Reading Companion Website as a digital tool for enhancing English language learning. Employing a quantitative descriptive research design, data were collected from 37 students through a 15-item Likert-scale questionnaire. The study aimed to evaluate the website’s usability, content organization, and effectiveness in supporting self-directed learning and motivation. Results show an overall positive response, with an average score percentage of 77.3%. Students particularly appreciated the platform’s support for autonomous learning, helpful multimedia features, and the motivation it provided for continued e-learning. The highest-rated items reflected satisfaction with explainer videos and independent learning opportunities. However, slightly lower ratings in areas related to long-term engagement and language improvement suggest a need for more dynamic and adaptive learning content. The findings underscore the potential of the MyIntegrated Reading Companion website as a useful supplementary tool in English language instruction. Recommendations are made for further content enhancement and continued integration of digital platforms in language education to foster learner motivation and effectiveness.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: student perception, e-learning, language learning, reading website, digital education, MyIntegrated Reading Companion
  topic: keywords
subject: Teaching and Learning of English
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alice Shanthi
creator: Nur Alyaa Fatinah Jumaat
creator: Susi Ekalestari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 281
ending page: 289
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.8037

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF EMITTER AND BASE LAYER DOPING CONCENTRATION FOR SILICON SOLAR CELLS BASED ON ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODELS
type: item
description: Research into solar cell efficiency is a dynamic and crucial field. Scientists and researchers are exploring a variety of approaches to maximize the power output of solar cells making it more competitive with other energy sources. Some of the key areas that are effectively increase the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell: enhancing the absorption of incident sunlight on the silicon surface by reducing the reflection loss and improving the photovoltaic effect by reducing the electrical loss. This study will be focused on enhancing the photovoltaic effect by modifying the parameters which are the doping concentrations of emitter and base layers. The doping concentrations of emitter and base layers will range from moderate to heavy doping level. Numerical modelling was employed to design and analyse the solar cell model. The results indicate that the highest efficiency of 13.4% to 13.5% for the designed solar cell is achieved with an emitter doping concentration of 1x1018 cm-3 and a base doping concentration ranging from 3x1019 cm-3 to 4x1019 cm-3. By carefully controlling and balancing the doping levels in emitter with those in the base layer, the solar cell can be optimized for better performance and efficiency.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
creator: Nur Zarifah Zulkifle
creator: MADHIYAH YAHAYA BERMAKAI
creator: Mohd Zaki Mohd Yusoff
creator: Noorsyam Yusof
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 273
ending page: 280
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.7041

OPTIMIZING SWEET CORN AND GROUNDNUT INTERCROPPING: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND ECONOMIC OUTCOMES
type: item
description: Intercropping is an inexpensive method of enhancing agricultural productivity, especially when land resources are scarce and food demand is on the rise. This study focuses on the intercropping of sweet corn and groundnut, assessing its biological, competitive, and economic performance using the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER), Aggressivity Index (AI), and Monetary Advantage Index (MAI). The work was conducted in the context of three cropping regimes: sweet corn monoculture (T1), groundnut monoculture (T2), and combined treatments (T3, T4, T5) planted in strips with different planting dates (relay intercropping); same day planting (T3), two weeks after groundnut planting (T4), and two weeks after sweet corn planting (T5). Findings revealed that sweet corn monoculture (T1) always recorded higher performance compared to other systems, in terms of earning more profits since corn was marketed based on the number of ears rather than by weight, as was the case for groundnut. The T4 system involving two-week advance sowing of groundnut before sowing corn recorded higher values of LER, suggesting improved yield and efficiency. However, the values of ATER were below 1, suggesting no time benefit over monocropping systems. Positive values of CR, RCC, and AYL confirmed the dominance of corn in intercropping systems. The highest MAI was for T4 with greater yield and profitability, but T1 was better than intercropping systems. Additionally, the number of sweet corn plants grown was higher in the monoculture system compared to the intercropping systems. Sweet corn monoculture (T1) is advised for greater profitability by smallholders.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Intercropping
  topic: keywords
subject: Sweet corn
  topic: keywords
subject: Groundnut
  topic: keywords
subject: Durian
  topic: keywords
subject: land equivalent ratio (LER)
  topic: keywords
subject: Agronomy
  topic: disciplines
subject: Crop Physiology
  topic: disciplines
creator: BORHAN ABDUL HAYA @ YAHYA
creator: Zulkefly Sulaiman
creator: Mohd Fauzi Ramlan
creator: Mohd Rizal Ariffin
creator: Martini Mohammad Yusoff
creator: Fui Ying Tsan
creator: Mohamad Asrol Kalam
creator: Khairul Najmuddin Abd Karim
creator: Muhammad Iz’aan Izzuddin Zaheid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 224
ending page: 237
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6400

Forecasting Malaysia's Unemployment Rate: A Comparative Study of ARIMA and Interupted Time Series with ARIMA models
type: item
description: Malaysia, like other countries, was experiencing the effect of the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic on the economic sector, which led to a hike in unemployment. A high unemployment could interfere with the economic progress, which may impact Malaysia’s long-term performance. Hence, to maintain economic stability in the long run, the issue of unemployment should be addressed strategically. In a previous study, the ARIMA and ARFIMA models were used to model and forecast the unemployment rate in Malaysia. Since then, the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic which saw a sudden spike resulting in an abrupt change of trend in the unemployment rate may cause the forecast ability of existing models to be not as good. Thus, this study aimed to model Malaysia’s unemployment rates using ARIMA and ARIMA interrupted time series models besides comparing the forecast performance between these two models. The monthly data obtained from of the Department of Statistics Malaysia consisted of 176 observations of Malaysia’s unemployment rate from January 2010 to August 2024. The ARIMA (0,1,1) was found to be the best ARIMA model in its class for forecasting Malaysia’s unemployment rate since it has the lowest BIC and AICc values. Further, the ARIMA model also gave a better forecast performance compared to the ARIMA with interrupted time series model based on the error measures of RMSE, MAE and MAPE values.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
creator: Nurul Hidayah Mohamad Azam Shah
creator: Pauline Mah
creator: Noor Fadhilah Ahmad Radi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 197
ending page: 208
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.7219

Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography and Chemometric Analyses for Halal Authentication in Food Products
type: item
description: The growing global demand for halal-certified foods requires the development of robust and reliable analytical methods to ensure compliance with Islamic dietary laws. Conventional testing methods are often unable to detect non-halal ingredients in complex and highly processed food matrices. This study explores the integration of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography (GC) and chemometric analysis as advanced tools for halal authentication in food products. FTIR spectroscopy enables rapid and non-destructive analysis of food samples, while GC provides an accurate profile of fatty acids and volatile compounds. The combination of FTIR and GC data with multivariate statistical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), enables the accurate identification of non-halal substances such as lard and gelatine, even at trace levels. Studies have shown high classification accuracy in distinguishing between halal and non-halal products based on spectral and chromatographic signatures. In addition, recent advances in portable analysers and cloud-based chemometric platforms have improved the feasibility of these methods for real-time verification of halal products in both industrial and regulatory settings. This article highlights recent advances, challenges and future directions in analytical halal authentication and emphasizes the potential of integrated spectroscopic and chromatographic approaches to ensure the integrity of halal food in the global supply chain.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Halal authentication
  topic: keywords
subject: FTIR spectroscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Gas chromatography
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Halal authentication
  topic: subjects
subject: Food technology
  topic: disciplines
subject: Analytical chemistry
  topic: disciplines
creator: MUHAMMAD ZULHELMI NAZRI
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 209
ending page: 223
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6201

KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURE OF NATURAL ANAESTHETICS IN AQUACULTURE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Aquaculture anaesthesia, particularly with natural agents, has gained increasing attention due to its relevance in fish welfare, stress management, and sustainable aquaculture practices. This study addresses the need to systematically assess the state of knowledge, gaps, and potential future trajectories in this dynamic field. We conducted a bibliometric analysis using Scopus to collect and analyse scholarly publications related to natural anaesthesia in aquaculture. Metrics such as citation counts, co-authorship networks, and keyword co-occurrence were employed to unveil the research landscape. The VosViewer tool was utilised for network visualisations, offering insights into collaboration patterns and thematic clusters. Preliminary findings indicate a prolific output of research, with specific authors and countries playing pivotal roles in shaping the discourse. The co-authorship network analysis reveals key figures and interdisciplinary collaborations, while the keyword co-occurrence analysis uncovers central themes and emerging topics. The country collaboration map provides a visual representation of regional clusters, emphasising the global nature of aquaculture anaesthesia research. This bibliometric study is poised to contribute a holistic understanding of the trends and patterns in natural anaesthesia research for aquatic species. The expected results will shed light on the interdisciplinary nature of the field, identify potential research collaborators, and pinpoint knowledge gaps for future exploration. The insights gained from this study aim to inform researchers, policymakers, and practitioners involved in aquaculture, paving the way for sustainable and welfare-centric practices in the field of aquaculture anaesthesia.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Anaesthesia, Aquaculture, Natural Agents. Fish Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Aquaculture
  topic: disciplines
creator: Amatul-Samahah Md. Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 150
ending page: 162
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6944

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF INSTANT NOODLE SEASONING EXTRACT ON Allium cepa ROOT
type: item
description: The increasing consumption of instant noodles has raised concerns about their potential health and environmental impacts. This study aimed to investigate the effects of instant noodle seasoning extract on the mitotic index of Allium cepa root tip. Using A. cepa as a model organism, the study compared the mitotic index under different treatments: distilled water (negative control), malathion (0.9 g/L) as (positive control), and instant noodle seasoning (73.3 g/L). The onion root tips were exposed to the treatments for 24 and 48 hours. Roots were fixed with ethanol-acetic acid and stained with 2% acetic-orcein for microscopic analysis. The mitotic index was calculated by counting the number of cells in mitosis out of the total observed cells. The results showed that instant noodle seasoning exhibited an initial mitotic index of 14.6% ± 0.04 in 24 hours, which significantly dropped to 7.4% ± 0.01 after 48 hours (p = 0.0018), meanwhile distilled water maintained a high mitotic index of 9.6% ± 0.01 at 24 hours, which increased to 15.2% ± 0.03 at 48 hours with p= 0.014. In contrast, malathion had the lowest mitotic index, starting at 7.6% ± 0.04 in 24 hours and decreased to 4.9% ± 0.01 at 48 hours but not significant. Furthermore, both malathion and instant noodle seasoning treatments resulted in various chromosomal aberrations, such as lagging chromosomes and chromosomal stickiness. Hence, these findings highlighted that instant noodle seasoning possess cytotoxic properties that disrupt normal cell division, with more pronounced effects observed after 48 hours (p<0.05). This study shows the utility of Allium cepa as a sensitive model for evaluating the genotoxicity of food additives, offering critical insights into their potential impact on health. Further research is recommended to explore the specific mechanisms of toxicity, including long-term effects of chronic exposure and identification of the active components responsible for the observed cytotoxicity.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Cytotoxicity, Genotoxicity, Instant Noodle, Mitotic Index, A.cepa root
  topic: keywords
creator: Noor Rabiatul Adawiyah Su Reply
creator: Syarifah Faezah Syed Mohamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 187
ending page: 196
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6887

BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF OLEYL OLEATE AS AN ACTIVE AGENT TO BE APPLIED IN COSMETIC FORMULATION.
type: item
description: This study aimed to synthesize oleyl oleate via esterification, confirm its structure using spectroscopic methods, and evaluate its antimicrobial properties and physicochemical characteristics for cosmetic use. Oleyl oleate synthesis was confirmed with FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Oleic acid and oleyl alcohol were reacted in a 1:2 molar ratio at 50°C for 5 hours in hexane. The product yield was approximately 85%. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using agar diffusion method, Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Dilutions of 1:1 to 1:4 (v/v) were tested, and the bacterial inoculum was standardized to 107 cells/mL. The compound showed higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MBC of 1:2 (v/v) for Bacillus subtilis. Physicochemical properties such as Sun Protection Factor (SPF), peroxide value, saponification value, and iodine value were also measured. Physicochemical assessments yielded an SPF value of 8.0, peroxide value of 17.98 meq/kg, saponification value of 82.48 mg KOH/g, and iodine value of 82.37 g/100g. These properties meet cosmetic ingredient standards. Unlike traditional extraction methods that rely on limited and costly natural wax sources like jojoba oil, this study demonstrates a simple, catalyst-free synthetic route using readily available materials, offering a scalable and economical alternative. The study demonstrates that oleyl oleate has notable antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, and physicochemical properties suitable for cosmetic formulations, indicating its potential for wide spread use in the cosmetic industry.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: oleyl oleate, wax ester, antimicrobial, physicochemical, cosmetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Fadhlin Hasya Shaiful Bahri
creator: Salina Mat Radzi
creator: Nur Amalina Mohd Amin
creator: Maryam Mohd Rehan
creator: Nurul Jannah Abdul Rahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 141
ending page: 149
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6886

EXPLORING THE LINK BETWEEN PHYTOCHEMICALS, miRNA EXPRESSION, AND CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH
type: item
description: Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, have significant potential in modulating microRNA (miRNA) expression, offering therapeutic options for cancer treatment with reduced side effects and lower drug resistance. This study explores the relationship between phytochemicals, miRNA expression, and cancer using a comprehensive bioinformatics approach. MiRNAs, short non-coding RNAs, regulate gene expression by binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target genes, playing pivotal roles in cancer biology. The objectives of this study were to identify cancer-associated miRNAs regulated by phytochemicals, determine their target genes, and perform gene enrichment analysis with network visualisation. A literature search using the terms "phytochemicals," "miRNA," and "cancer" was conducted, with miRNAs selected based on their association with phenolic compounds, carotenoids, alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds. Bioinformatics tools such as DIANA TOOLS and TargetScan were employed to identify miRNA target genes, while STRING and Cytoscape facilitated the construction of protein-protein interaction networks and gene enrichment analysis. The study identified 42 miRNAs regulated by phytochemicals, linked to 1,951 target genes. Among them, hsa-miR-34a, regulated by curcumin, resveratrol, and genistein, emerged as a promising candidate for colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. This miRNA influences critical processes such as cell differentiation, division, and apoptosis, and is involved in pathways like p53, MAPK and PI3K-Akt signalling. These findings highlight hsa-miR-34a’s potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Future research should focus on experimentally validating these predictions and integrating additional databases and bioinformatics tools to enhance the reliability and scope of the results. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular interactions between phytochemicals, miRNAs, and cancer, paving the…
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: phytochemicals, miRNA, cancer, bioinformatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Syarifah Faezah Syed Mohamad
creator: Puteri Alia Husna Tuan Arzeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 171
ending page: 186
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6885

THE EFFECTS OF SPENT MUSHROOM COMPOST ON PLANT GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON Amaranthus tricolor
type: item
description: Spent mushroom composts (SMC) are agricultural wastes from harvested mushroom farms. In Malaysia alone over 100 tonnes of fresh mushrooms are produced. Annually resulting in 438 tonnes of composted leftovers that require disposal. Currently, only 28% of the SMC is recycled for agricultural use, while 3% was burned, and over 69% is dumped in landfills or on the ground. However, it has been proven that SMC, which is rich in nutrients and organic materials, is an excellent option for agriculture as it is ideal for mulching soil and enhancing nutrient content. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of SMC on Amaranthus tricolor growth performance and to investigate its impact on soil properties. In this research, various concentrations of SMC 10%,20%,30% and 50% were applied to A. tricolor plants to evaluate their impact on plant height, leaf area, number of nodes and internodes, and stem diameter. Concurrently, soil samples were analyzed to determine the changes in soil analysis and proximate analysis. The results indicated that the applications of SMC significantly enhanced the growth performance of A. tricolor. From all of the treatments with SMC, the result obtained from the growth analysis of A. tricolor showed that the vegetable planted on 20% of SMC soil had the best growth. Overall, this study demonstrates that a certain amount of SMC on to soil is necessary to be an effective organic amendment for improving the growth of A. tricolor and enhancing soil health.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Spent mushroom compost, A. tricolor, agriculture, organic materials
  topic: keywords
creator: Lili Syahani Rusli
creator: Nabilah Jaludin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 127
ending page: 140
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.6884

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HALIA MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM DESA WISATA TUO PARIANGAN, WEST SUMATRA
type: item
description: Halia Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade) is serve as a good source of antioxidants and very useful in medicine field especially in area where it is native such as West Sumatera. This study of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of Halia Merah ethanolic extract using disc diffusion assay and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Halia Merah in scavenging free radicals. The concentration of Halia Merah ethanolic extract ranging from 400 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. Based on the result obtained, the highest concentration that is 400 mg/mL showed the largest inhibition zones. The result was 10.00±0.00 mm for S. aureus, 22.75±1.75 mm for E. coli, 28.50±1.06 mm for B. subtilis, and 9.50±1.50 mm for P. aeruginosa. The antioxidant activity that was measured by using DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay determined that the Halia Merah ethanolic extract scavenging activity increased when the concentration is increased; (0.0183 at 50 mg/mL, 0.0397 at 100 mg/mL, 0.0483 at 200 mg/mL, and 0.094 at 400 mg/mL). By using ANOVA analysis, it indicated that the significant difference (p<0.05) across concentrations. As conclusion, the different concentrations of Halia Merah ethanolic extracts have the ability inhibiting the growth of bacteria from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Halia Merah ethanolic extract also showed a positive activity of antioxidant by using DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
creator: Ida Muryany Md Yasin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 163
ending page: 170
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.5383

Application of enzyme preparation in alcoholic industry
type: item
description: The use of enzymes in industrial production has increased greatly, especially in the alcoholic industry, namely beer, grape wine, Huang jiu, and liquors. Diacetyl produced in the fermentation process of beer affect the essence of beer in which α-acetyllactate decarboxylase plays a good inhibitory role. Glucosidase, pectinase, and lysozyme play their respective roles in the process of grape wine fermentation. Huang jiu is produced through traditional technology by taking glutinous rice and japonica rice as the main raw materials and employing wheat koji or a variety of microorganisms contained in rice koji. Wheat koji provides rich enzyme systems such as amylase and protease for the brewing process of rice wine. Enzymes are widely used in various stages of liquor production, such as making koji, fermentation of grains, distillation blending, and waste utilization of distillers' grains. This paper mainly describes the application of enzymes in the production of various wine industries, the improvement of enzyme stability through enzyme immobilization, the treatment of waste enzymes in the wine making process and the future challenges and development.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Enzyme
  topic: keywords
subject: Alcoholic
  topic: keywords
subject: drinks
  topic: keywords
subject: Production
  topic: keywords
subject: Immobilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Sihan Wang
creator: Li Jing
creator: Song Leyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 116
ending page: 130
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i1.5848

FROM FORMULAS TO FUN: CC FACTS RACE GAMIFIES FOOD AND BEVERAGE COST CONTROL LEARNING
type: item
description: Traditional pedagogical approaches frequently encounter obstacles, including limited student engagement and challenges in retaining complex formulas. This study investigates the efficacy of an educational online game, "CC Facts Race," designed to enhance comprehension of Food and Beverage (F&B) Cost Control concepts. The research was conducted at Polytechnic of Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin in Perlis, Malaysia, involving 150 participants from the Diploma in Resort Management (DHR) and Diploma in Foodservice (DHF) programs. Data were gathered through questionnaires, and a descriptive analysis was employed to evaluate the findings. Results indicate that students rated "CC Facts Race" highly for its usability, player experience, and overall satisfaction. The game was perceived as accessible, engaging, and effective in improving both understanding and retention of F&B cost control principles. This study concludes that "CC Facts Race" represents a valuable supplement to educational curricula, providing an interactive and enjoyable learning platform. Future research could explore longitudinal effects on knowledge retention and instructors’ perspectives regarding the integration of "CC Facts Race" into teaching practices.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Educational online games
  topic: keywords
subject: Food and Beverage Cost Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Player Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamification
  topic: keywords
subject: accounting
  topic: disciplines
subject: hospitality
  topic: disciplines
creator: WEI BOON QUAH
creator: Roseline Anak Kok
creator: Nurul Fazira Mohamad Noor Afandi
creator: Zahirah Zulkifli
creator: Krissana Sommar
creator: Siti Najhah Sanusi
creator: Nur Farhanis Faizal
creator: Dayang Shahiera Ellayana Shahsuzanni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 116
ending page: 126
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.5488

BINGE-WATCHING ADDICTION ON OVER-THE-TOP (OTT) AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
type: item
description: The prospect of video on demand in the streaming industry contributed to binge-watching and has risen. Binge-watching can be defined as “watching two or more episodes of the same TV series in a row”. The scenario of binge-watching has definite benefits and disadvantages for viewers. Binge-watching, due to its highly immersive nature, carries the risk of addiction, potentially resulting in a loss of control. Many studies have been conducted in discussion of mental health issues but less on students’ learning performance. 162 respondents were selected among undergraduate students via an online survey using a purposive sampling technique. The data was analysed through a multiple regression analysis. A 25-item survey instrument from past research studies on binge-watching addiction and academic performance was adopted and modified. Respondents were asked about their binge-watching experiences on OTT services. The Binge-Watching Addiction Questionnaire was used to measure respondents’ behaviour. The scale has 20 items divided into four domains (dependency, avoidance, craving, anticipation), and academic performance with a five-point Likert-response. This scale has between four to nine items with total possible scores that can be categorized as low, moderate, and high binge. The results for binge-watching addiction in four domains show moderate as well as academic performance. Multiple regression was used to predict the relationship between binge-watching addiction and how these variables influence academic performance. The results show that Dependency (β=.00, p>0.05), Craving (β=.07, p>0.05), and Anticipation (β=.01, p>0.05) have insignificant relationships towards academic performance. This indicates that increased Dependency, Craving, and Anticipation of binge-watching do not lead to any significant changes in academic performance. Meanwhile, Avoidance shows a positive and significant relationship with academic performance (β=.35, p<0.001). It shows that there is a lac…
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Binge-watching
  topic: keywords
subject: Over-The-Top (OTT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication and Media Studies
  topic: disciplines
creator: DZAA IMMA ABDUL LATIFF
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 290
ending page: 304
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i2.5391

A RAPID ASSESSMENT ON VERTEBRATES IN UiTM KUALA PILAH CAMPUS AND ITS ADJACENT FOREST RESERVE, NEGERI SEMBILAN
type: item
description: During the Forest Biological Diversity Scientific Expedition Programme, a rapid assessment was carried out at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kuala Pilah Campus in Negeri Sembilan, which is built next to the Pelangai Forest Reserve (PFR). The rapid assessment was executed based on direct observation, animal calling, footprints and mark, and active search around the campus and its adjacent forest. In total, 45 species of vertebrates were recorded based on the two days survey, which includes five species of mammals, 32 species of birds, and eight species of herpetofauna. Out of 45 species, only White-handed Gibbon (Hylobates lar) and Javan Myna (Acridotheres javanicus) are categorised as threatened species under IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In conclusion, this information presented herein should not be treated as exhaustive and more systematic surveys should be carried out to assist the university and forestry department in terms of vertebrates’ documentation within their management landscapes
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Herpetofauna
  topic: keywords
subject: Mammal
  topic: keywords
subject: Pelangi Forest Reserve
  topic: keywords
subject: UiTM
  topic: keywords
subject: Vertebrates
  topic: keywords
subject: Diversity
  topic: disciplines
subject: Vertebrate
  topic: disciplines
creator: Manoshini Appanan
creator: Nur Aina Amira Mahyudin
creator: Kaviarasu Munian
creator: Mohammad Shahfiz Azman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 94
ending page: 103
doi: 10.24191/joa.v13i1.5547

Editorial Note
type: item
description: Journal of Academia Vol. 1, No. 1 (2011) The first issue was published as a physical hardcopy under the ISSN: 2232-1519. Thus, no electronic copies deposited in the online version.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
creator: Kavirajaa Pandian Sambasevam
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2011-12-31
publication date: 2011-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 1

THE EFFECTS OF EFB COMPOST AND HEXACONAZOLE ON BETA-CAROTENE CONTENT AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE YIELD COMPONENTS OF SWEET POTATO VAR. VITATO
type: item
description: [System Error - please read the full abstract in the pdf view] Field experiment was conducted on sandy tin-tailing soil to test the effectiveness of oil palm EFB compost and hexaconazole (HEX) growth regulator in increasing the storage root β-carotene content and yield components of sweet potato var.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: β-carotene
  topic: keywords
subject: sweet potato
  topic: keywords
creator: A.H. Borhan
creator: A. Mohd Yusoff
creator: T. Nur Kharunisa
creator: M.B. Nur Azwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2017 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2017-12-31
publication date: 2017-12-31
starting page: 44
ending page: 54

[Zn(TAC)]Cl COMPLEX POTENTIAL AS CORROSION INHIBITORS: SYNTHESIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
type: item
description: Corrosion of metal is a severe issue in any industry which is considered to involve many costs. The use of acid solution during cleaning to get rid of rust in industries may contribute to metal corrosion. Since corrosion impact is causing worries, especially in many industries, the application of a corrosion inhibitor is required to reduce the rapid deterioration reaction of a metal surface that is exposed to corrosion ‘boosters’ like oxygen gas and water. A corrosion inhibitor, which is [Zn(TAC)]Cl, was produced from the reaction between thiacetazone (TAC) with ZnCl2 in an acetonitrile solvent with ratio 1:1 (ligand:metal). The elemental analysis (C, H, N, and S), FT-IR, UV-Visible, melting point, gravimetric analysis, and molar conductivity were used to characterize the synthesized complex. Based on infrared spectra and electronic transitions, the shifting of a complex from the ligand indicates that the ligand is coordinated to the metal ion through carbonyl O, azomethine N, and thiolate S; thus, producing a tridentate complex. Melting point for the complex was higher than ligand. [Zn(TAC)]Cl was gained after being confirmed by 1:1 electrolyte behavior and elemental analysis calculations. A metal oxide, ZnO, was formed with the calculated percentage of Zn(II) ion, 13.66 % after combustion through the gravimetric analysis. [Zn(TAC)]Cl portrayed better inhibitory action against corrosion of mild steel as compared to the ligand in both acidic media, H2SO4 and HCl. A higher concentration of inhibitor gave a higher percentage of corrosion inhibition efficiency.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
creator: Siti Aisyah Musa
creator: Nur Nadia Dzulkifli
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 12
ending page: 17

SALIENT FEATURES OF CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT, VISUAL PRESENTATION AND COPYWRITING FOR EFFECTIVE SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING: AN EXPLORATORY PERSPECTIVE
type: item
description: As internet-based marketing utilizes channels of social media to interact and attract prospective customers to make online purchase for apparels there is a need to ascertain the extent to which salient features of social media such as customer engagement, attractive visual presentation and copywriting that are capable of driving such purchase. A total of 128 usable questionnaires were included in this study. Distribution of online questionnaires was assisted where the online questionnaire link in Google document was emailed to the company’s sales team who in turn blasted the online questionnaire via email to all of their online customers in their data base. A positive significant (0.01) high correlation of .709 for customer engagement and .711 were obtained for visual presentation with online purchase for apparels. In addition, a positive significant (0.01) modest correlation of .653was secured for copywriting and online purchase of apparels. The study affirms that online firms using social media marketing must ensure they engage their online customers through discussions, reviews, contest and comments to understand them better and to build relationship between their brand and customer’s which has a positive impact on sales. Social media marketing too needs an exemplary visual presentation to explain abstract concepts and facilitates retention of information and maintain audience interest which ultimately has a positive impact on sale. Consequently, copywriting too performs an important role of convincing people about a product by transforming product features into benefits to convince readers into making a purchase.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: social media marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: customer engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: visual presentation
  topic: keywords
subject: copywriting
  topic: keywords
subject: online purchase
  topic: keywords
creator: Nooraini Mohamad Sheriff
creator: Aisya Syahira Zulkifli
creator: Wan Nur Shahira Wan Othman
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 28
ending page: 37

DETECTION OF LEAD, MERCURY AND ARSENIC IN THREE NATURAL SPRING WATER IN NEGERI SEMBILAN
type: item
description: This study focus on detection of lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) in three selected natural spring water (NSW) in Negeri Sembilan. Three selected NSW are from Bukit Miku, Kaki Gunung Angsi and Bukit Tangga which located at difference district around Negeri Sembilan. The sampling was done in August 2016 using High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which are labelled correctly. All sample was analysis using spectrometer while following APHA-3125 method. The statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The concentration of Pb in NSW collected from Kaki Gunung Angsi has recorded the highest significant amount (0.27367 ± 0.025325 µg/L). On the other hand, NSW taken from Bukit Tangga (0.02533 ± 0.010786 µg/L) and Bukit Miku (0.02500 ± 0.004583 µg/L) showed no significant difference (p < 0.05). For Hg, only one NSW which was obtained from Bukit Miku (0.16167 ± 0.011015 µg/L) produced a recordable result. Meanwhile, NSW from Bukit Tangga and Kaki Gunung Angsi did not showed any detectable Hg element in their samples. As content in NSW taken from Bukit Miku, Bukit Tangga and Kaki Gunung Angsi is 0.58700 ± 0.023000 µg/L, 0.20500 ± 0.061612 µg/L and 0.08300 ± 0.003464µg/L respectively. There is significant difference (p < 0.05) in As content between NSW that was obtained from all three locations.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Lead
  topic: keywords
subject: Mercury
  topic: keywords
subject: Arsenic
  topic: keywords
subject: Natural Spring Water
  topic: keywords
subject: Negeri Sembilan
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamad Shahrimi Hashim
creator: Faikah Awang @ Ismail
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2016-12-31
publication date: 2016-12-31
starting page: 34
ending page: 41

IS THE RIGHT TO HEALTH UNDERMINED BY THE AGREEMENT OF TRADE-RELATED ASPECTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS?
type: item
description: This article aims to provide a brief overview of the Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). The analysis will be focused on the agreement itself, its flexibilities, and its impacts on the right of access to affordable medicine. Particularly on medicines which are still under patent protection, a standardised protection period of the same, and the inclusion of pharmaceutical products within the ambit of patentable subject matter is arguably affecting one’s right to access to affordable medications. Further, the clash of interests i.e between patent holders (mostly, big pharmaceutical companies) and affected people (mainly, patients and their family) is highly likely to happen – especially in poor and developing countries. This paper seeks to assess whether the right to health is undermined by the TRIPS Agreement, and the analysis finds that such right is not adversely affected by the same.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: TRIPS
  topic: keywords
subject: Doha Declaration
  topic: keywords
subject: Compulsory Licence
  topic: keywords
subject: Access to Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Parallel Import
  topic: keywords
creator: Helmi Khair
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2016-12-31
publication date: 2016-12-31
starting page: 28
ending page: 33

SPORTS LAW: STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF LEARNING LEGAL ASPECTS IN SPORTS AND RECREATION AMONGST SPORT STUDENTS IN UITM NEGERI SEMBILAN, SEREMBAN CAMPUS
type: item
description: Sports constitute an important cultural phenomenon and in modern day sports now have its own complex rules, are highly organized and may involve various areas of law. These laws affecting sports and recreation management include liability for sporting injury and damage, sports and media law, professional athletes’ contract of employment, and the issue of doping involving performance-enhancing drugs. Having said that, in Malaysia, generally, there is still little awareness of how law affects sports and recreation management not only among the public, but also the athletes. The Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation (FSR) of UiTM in acknowledging the importance of these areas of law in sports, designed their programs’ curriculum to include “Legal Aspects in Sports and Recreation” and “Law Relating to Sports and Recreation”, as compulsory subjects for students enrolled in their Diploma in Sport Studies and Degree in Sports Management. This research is conducted to ascertain the students’ perception on the relevance of learning these subjects towards enhancing the knowledge on sports law in their related field of works. The paper presents the findings of the students’ perceptions on the relevance of learning these subjects in their respective programs at the FSR in UiTM, Seremban Campus.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Sports Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-law students
  topic: keywords
subject: Factor Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohd Syahril Ibrahim
creator: Nur Haidar Hanafi
creator: Nor Fadzlina Nawi
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2016-12-31
publication date: 2016-12-31
starting page: 21
ending page: 27

SOLVING THE STATISTICAL TEST SELECTION PROBLEM IN HYPOTHESIS TESTING
type: item
description: Hypothesis testing is widely regarded as a valuable tool for data analysis but it is conceptually difficult to understand and even more difficult to carry out the procedure. Even so, interpretation of the results is often littered with mistakes and misuses. This paper proposes an approach through the use of STestMAP. It is a tool resembling a concept map designed to assist researchers in identifying relevant univariate statistical tests to match their research objectives. An earlier study in the efficacy of this approach as a tool to acquire selection skills has shown STestMAP provides a flexible structure in assisting users to successfully identify the statistical test but further research is needed to confirm the usefulness of STestMAP.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Statistical Tests
  topic: keywords
subject: Test Selection Problem
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypothesis Testing
  topic: keywords
creator: Kien-Kheng, Foo
creator: Nuralina Azlan
creator: Noraini Idris
creator: Siti Noor Dina Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2016-12-31
publication date: 2016-12-31
starting page: 12
ending page: 20

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FIELD TRIPS AS A TEACHING AND LEARNING STRATEGY: A CASE STUDY OF FIELD TRIP TO THE PARLIAMENT
type: item
description: Field trips can be a valuable tool in making learning more engaging and provide unique opportunities for learning certain concepts, including legal concepts by putting them into a more realistic and relevant context. Research studies have shown that there is a significant increase in participants’ factual knowledge and conceptual understanding after participation in a well designed field trip. Several important elements should be emphasized in designing a successful field trip. This paper initially discusses those elements and then reports on an investigation into a field trip to a Parliamentary Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) session in November 2015 for students enrolled into the Malaysian Legal Principles course. The report has two main objectives: to review the overall design of the field trip and to determine whether the trip has achieved its main objectives through reports written by 41 of the students’ participants. The findings suggest that although important elements in the design of the field trip were present, several other elements during the pre and post trip stages were not emphasized upon. However, responses from the students’ report confirmed that most of the students’ initial view of the Parliament’s role and importance has changed due to their observation of the session. This paper advocates that although planning and organizing a successful field trip involved a great deal of preparation, it would definitely benefit participants and should be made an integral part of teaching and learning strategy.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: field trip
  topic: keywords
subject: design
  topic: keywords
subject: elements
  topic: keywords
subject: teaching and learning strategy
  topic: keywords
subject: legal concepts
  topic: keywords
creator: N.F. Nawi
creator: A.F. Azmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2016 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2016-12-31
publication date: 2016-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 11

EFFECT OF LAUNDERINGS ON THE PILLING PROPERTIES OF COTTON AND POLYESTER WEFT KNITTED FABRICS
type: item
description: Pilling is one of the fabric faults that originally found in knitted woolen goods especially made from soft twisted yarns. The rubbing action on loose fibres that is present on the fabric surface gives a high tendency to form pills which gives poor appearance to the fabric. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of repeated launderings on the propensity of pilling formation by using pill grade machine. The primary objective of this study was to determine the pilling behaviour of different types of weft knitted fabrics after a repeated number of laundering cycles. The study was conducted using two types of knitted fabrics; cotton and polyester with three types of knitted structures; interlock, 1x1 rib and plain jersey. The various number of laundering cycles were given on the fabrics and followed by 15,000 revolutions of ICI pilling box. The results showed that polyester fibre has better pilling resistance due to its exceptional strength, whilst in terms of fabric structure, plain jersey showed an excellent resistance. This is due to the higher density and compact structure that it possessed.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: knitted fabric
  topic: keywords
subject: pilling
  topic: keywords
subject: weft knit
  topic: keywords
subject: laundering
  topic: keywords
subject: textile surface appearance
  topic: keywords
creator: Noraqilah Mohd Azis
creator: Siti Farhanim Sarani
creator: Eryna Nasir
creator: Najua Tulos
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 38
ending page: 45

PERCEIVING STATISTICAL KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DIGITAL APPS: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY
type: item
description: Statistics plays a vital role in various spheres of life. Choosing the right statistical analysis is one of the most crucial aspects in statistics. Some researchers especially those who have minimal statistical background, are often having difficulties in choosing the right statistical analysis for their study. Inappropriate analysis may produce misleading results at the end of the study. Hence, mySTATS Tracker was created as an alternative tool to assist the researcher in determining the right statistical analysis. The aim of this study was to gauge the effectiveness of using mySTATS Tracker in identifying the most appropriate statistical analysis based on the supplied input. In addition, this study intended to determine whether there was significant difference in score based on gender and faculties. The difference in the perception towards the usefulness and effectiveness of this application based on faculties was also investigated. A sample of 55 undergraduate students with various background have participated in this study. The sample of students were asked to answer a set of questions with (post test) and without (pre-test) using mySTATS Tracker. Then, the score obtained was recorded and analysed. Gap analysis and Independent t-test were applied in achieving the objectives of the study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in scores between pre-test and post-test, p < 0.05. It could be concluded that the users scored significantly higher and answered the questions in a significantly shorter time using mySTATS Tracker compared to without using it. The study also found that there was a significant difference in score based on gender and faculties, p < 0.05. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the perception of the usefulness and effectiveness of this application based on respective faculties. In overall, mySTATS Tracker has received a positive feedback from the potential users. This study has proven that mySTATS Tracker is a g…
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: mySTATS Tracker
  topic: keywords
subject: statistical flowchart
  topic: keywords
subject: guidelines
  topic: keywords
creator: Az’lina Abdul Hadi
creator: Noorezatty Mohd Yusop
creator: Nornadiah Mohd Razali
creator: Zuraida Khairudin
creator: Noraziah Mohd Razali
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 53
ending page: 57

TEACHING METHODS OF INTEGRATED NAQLI AND AQLI KNOWLEDGE FOR GIFTED AND TALENTED MUSLIM STUDENTS
type: item
description: Malaysia Education Curriculum mostly adapted from the colonization country since pre independence. It makes Muslim youngers forget on magnificent of Islam Civilization especially Abbasid Dynasty. By this, the needs of integrating naqli and aqli knowledge in syllabus should be implemented especially among gifted and talented Muslim students. Therefore, this paper focusing on the implementation of integrated naqli and aqli knowledge for Biology’s topic as enhancement programmes in gifted and talented curriculum. 56 students from PERMATA Insan who are recognized as gifted and talented students have been participated in this study. The integrated knowledge was conducted through two different approaches including conventional (Method A) and co-teaching (Method B) to identify the suitable teaching method. As result, 47 out of 56 students who were exposed with co-teaching method obtained moderate and high achievement. The students’ mark was continuously analysed through t-test to identify the significance difference between two methods. Admittedly, the co-teaching method contributed higher mark during the post-test compared to without co-teaching method. Therefore, co teaching method is the effective teaching method for integrated naqli and aqli knowledge especially in inheritance topic.
subject: Archives
  topic: section
subject: Integrated knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Biology
  topic: keywords
subject: Co-teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim Gifted and Talented
  topic: keywords
creator: Nur Fazidah Asmuje
creator: Syukrina Imtiyaz Abdul Samat
creator: Amnah Zanariah Abd Razak
creator: Rosita Zainal
rights: Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2018-12-31
publication date: 2018-12-31
starting page: 46
ending page: 52