Current Knowledge on Leptospirosis (2000-2023)

Abstract

Leptospirosis is a severe public health issue with high fatality rates due to symptoms like renal impairment and pulmonary haemorrhage. It is transmitted through contact with infected animals' urine, contaminated soil, water, or food. In Malaysia, cases increased significantly from 2004 to 2009, especially in rural areas among high-risk occupations like farming. Rodents are the primary transmission source, with a 56% seroprevalence rate in high-risk groups. This study aims to address gaps in understanding leptospirosis in Malaysia by summarizing reported cases, identifying susceptibility factors, discussing treatment effectiveness, and identifying current challenges.