Decoding KRAS Oncogene Activity in Various Cancers: Detection Techniques and Prognostic Significance

Abstract

The KRAS gene is a prominent oncogene with a high mutation rate in various cancers. The KRAS gene in humans is a homolog of a retroviral oncogenes found in rodent sarcoma virus genes and is classified in the rat sarcoma viral oncogene (RAS) family. The KRAS gene encodes the KRAS protein that is critical in various intracellular signalling pathways that are responsible for cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. KRAS is a membrane-bound regulatory protein where it binds with guanine nucleotides from the family of guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases).