ENHANCING COMMUNITY LIVEABILITY IN BANDAR SERI ISKANDAR, PERAK: IDENTIFYING KEY LEARNING AREAS AND GAPS THROUGH FACTOR ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/d7640k57Keywords:
Community, Liveable, Assessment tool, Preliminary studyAbstract
Active community engagement plays a crucial role in fostering inclusivity and enhancing liveability. However, creating a liveable community presents challenges due to the complexity of liveability indices and the diverse range of indicators shaped by regional and cultural variations. In line with this ethos, this study endeavours to elucidate liveability indicators from the community's perspective using factor analysis. The data acquisition techniques encompassed both traditional and online methodologies, with respondents comprising 19 from face-to-face surveys and 31 from Google Forms. The survey outcomes illuminate several factors, notably safety, education, income, environmental quality, and well-being, which emerge as pivotal indicators in constituting a liveable community. These findings substantiate the community's articulated concerns, needs, and aspirations, underscoring the imperative to align with, embrace, and welcome these perspectives within the planning framework. Our present understanding of what characterizes a liveable community appears poised for further refinement and enrichment.
References
Abdullah, M. S., Nor, M. M., Yusof, A. R. B. M., & Husain, F. B. C. (2017). Konsep komuniti dan perkembangannya: Suatu tinjauan kritikal terhadap penggunaannya. e-BANGI, 12(3), 1-15.
Al-Qawasmi, J. (2021). Selecting a Contextualized Set of Urban Quality of Life Indicators: Results of a Delphi Consensus Procedure [Article]. Sustainability, 13(9), Article 4945. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094945.
Amin, S., Islam, H. S., Haseeb, A., & Saleemi, A. (2020). Residents' Perception of Livability: A Case Study of Quaid-E-Azam Town (Township), Lahore, Pakistan. Planning Malaysia, 18.
Chua, Y. P. (2011). Kaedah dan statistik penyelidikan: Kaedah penyelidikan. Mcgraw-Hill Education.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches. Sage Publications.
DOSM. (2022). My Local Stats: Perak Tengah, Perak 2021.
DOSM. (2023). Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Perak Tengah 2030.
Dushkova, D., & Ivlieva, O. (2024). Empowering communities to act for a change: A review of the community empowerment programs towards sustainability and resilience. Sustainability, 16(19), 8700.
EIU. (2024). The World’s Most Liveable Cities (The Global Liveability Index 2024), Issue.
Hair, Anderson, R., Babin, B., & Black, W. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7). In: Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Hair, Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modelling. Sage Publications.
Kim, K., Buckley, T., Burnette, D., Kim, S., & Cho, S. (2022). Measurement Indicators of Age-Friendly Communities: Findings From the AARP Age-Friendly Community Survey [Article]. Gerontologist, 62(1), E17-E27. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab055.
Kovacs-Györi, A., & Cabrera-Barona, P. (2019). Assessing urban livability through residential preference—An international survey. Data, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/data4040134.
Lowe, M., Whitzman, C., Badland, H., Davern, M., Aye, L., Hes, D., Butterworth, I., & Giles-Corti, B. (2015). Planning healthy, liveable and sustainable cities: how can indicators inform policy? Urban Policy and Research, 33(2), 131-144.
Majid, M. R., Pampanga, D., Zaman, M., Medugu, I., & Amer, M. (2020). Urban livability indicators for secondary cities in Asean Region. Planning Malaysia, 18.
Migliorini, L., Olcese, M., Cardinali, P., & Prestia, D. (2023). Community resilience among Ukrainian refugees: what is the role of the host community in recovery from forced migration? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1206304.
Salleh, N., Sanusi, M. S., Ahmad, S., & Saman, N. H. M. (2023). Determination of Indicators for Livable Communities in Malaysia's Sustainable Development. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 5(S2), 171-179.
Shaffril, H. A. M., Ahmad, N., Samsuddin, S. F., Samah, A. A., & Hamdan, M. E. (2020). Systematic literature review on adaptation towards climate change impacts among indigenous people in the Asia Pacific regions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120595.
Shafii, H., Yassin, A. M., & Masram, H. (2023). Cabaran dan Dilema Habitat Manusia Di Bandar: Penerapan Konsep Daya Huni (Livability) dan Pembangunan Lestari Untuk Kesejahteraan Hidup: Challenge and Dilemma of Human Habitat in Urban Areas: Applying the Concept of Livability and Sustainable Development for Well-being. Journal of Social Transformation and Regional Development, 5(2), 30-38.
Shah, A. H. H. (2010). Dayahuni Bandar: Hubungkaitan Bentuk Fizikal Bandar dan Dayahuni Setempat. Akademika, 79, 20.
Sheikh, W. T., & van Ameijde, J. (2022). Promoting livability through urban planning: A comprehensive framework based on the “theory of human needs”. Cities, 131, 103972. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103972
Szibbo, N. A. (2016). Assessing neighborhood livability: Evidence from LEED® for neighborhood development and new urbanist communities. Articulo-Journal of Urban Research (14).
Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 6). Pearson Boston, MA.
Tennakoon, T., & Kulatunga, U. (2019). Understanding liveability: Related concepts and definitions. Proceedings of the 8th World Construction Symposium, Colombo, Sri Lanka,
Wang, X., Shi, R., & Wang, T. (2021). Research on the fuzzy evaluation of the livability of old urban communities using an analytic hierarchy process – a case study of Nanjing city in China. Open House International, 46(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1108/OHI-02-2021-0040
Wu, H., Wang, L., Zhang, Z., & Gao, J. (2021). Analysis and optimization of 15-minute community life circle based on supply and demand matching: A case study of Shanghai. PLoS ONE, 16(8), e0256904.
Xiao, Y., & Watson, M. (2019). Guidance on conducting a systematic literature review. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 39(1), 93-112.
Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A beginner’s guide to factor analysis: Focusing on exploratory factor analysis. Tutorials in quantitative methods for psychology, 9(2), 79-94.
Yu, J., Ma, G., & Wang, S. (2021). Do age-friendly rural communities affect quality of life? A comparison of perceptions from middle-aged and older adults in China [Article]. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14), Article 7283. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147283
Zautra, A., Hall, J., & Murray, K. (2008). Community development and community resilience: An integrative approach. Community Development, 39(3), 130-147.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nor Hisham Md Saman, Norhidayah Salleh, Mohamad Sofiyuddin Sanusi, Syazwani Ahmad

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Myse journal is a scholarly online, open access, peer reviewed journal.
Started in June 2023, the Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0




