Adoption of Gig Economy in the Real Estate Industry: Drivers, Challenges, and Impact on Innovative Business Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/eaj.v14i1.5616Keywords:
Gig economy, real estate industry, drivers, challenges, business strategiesAbstract
The gig economy has transformed various industries, including real estate, by introducing flexible work arrangements and innovative business strategies. Despite its growing significance, there is limited research on the adoption factors, challenges, and strategic impacts of gig work in the real estate sector. This study aims to (i) identify the key factors driving the gig economy in real estate, (ii) analyze the challenges faced by both gig workers and companies, and (iii) investigate the impacts of the gig economy on the industry through innovative business strategies. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with four industry experts through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis revealed that flexibility in work hours, cost-effectiveness, demand for specialized skills, digital tools adoption, and workforce agility are the primary drivers of gig work in real estate. However, companies struggle with assessing gig workers' reliability, skills, and qualifications due to a lack of standardized regulations. Gig workers, in turn, face job instability and intense market competition. In terms of business strategies, the findings highlight that flexible rental options and co-living spaces are emerging as significant trends catering to gig workers, while affordability and short-term rentals remain secondary concerns. This study fills a critical research gap by providing empirical insights into how the gig economy influences the real estate industry, particularly through flexible work structures and innovative housing solutions. The findings contribute to both academic and industry discourse by emphasizing the need for structured platforms and regulatory frameworks to support gig work in real estate. Future research should explore policy interventions and the long-term sustainability of gig work in the sector.
References
Abdullah, N., Mohd Ismail, M., Murad, M., Jusoff, K., Kurniawan, F., & Salah, M. (2024). Critical Insights into Gig Economy: A Peninsular Malaysia Case Study. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(1). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i1.5494
Ali, W., Sajeevan Samarasinghe, D. A., Feng, Z., Wilkinson, S., & Rotimi, J. O. B. (2025). A systematic literature review on digital transformation in real estate: challenges and opportunities. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-04-2024-0111
Ashford, S. J., Caza, B. B., & Reid, E. M. (2018). From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 38, 23-41. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0191308518300042
Bandyopadhyay, P. (2022). Editorial. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 25(4), 525–527. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-022-10329-1
Baum, Andrew. (2017). PropTech 3 - The future of real estate. Oxford: Said Business School.
Bryson, J. R. (2022). Corporate interviewing and accessing elites in manufacturing companies: a framework to guide qualitative semi-structured interviews (pp. 193–210). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4337/9781789908510.00019
Boeri, T. (2014). Perverse effects of two-tier wage bargaining structures. The IZA World of Labor, 101. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.15185/IZAWOL.101
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkem, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D., & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling: complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652–661. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987120927206
Cho, W., & Cho, S.-E. (2020). Entrepreneurial Challenges in Business Model for the Gig Economy: Agendas for Research and Business Development. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 24(1). Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/Entrepreneurial-challenges-in-business-model-for-the-gig-economy-agendas-for-research-and-business-development-24-1.pdf
de Ruyter, A., & Brown, M. A. (2019). The Gig Economy. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/9781788210065
De Stefano, V. (2015). The rise of the just-in-time workforce: On-demand work, crowdwork, and labor protection in the gig-economy. Comp. Lab. L. & Pol'y J., 37, 471. Retrieved from https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/cllpj37&div=34&id=&page=
Department of Statistics Malaysia (2020). “Newsletter: Gig Workers in Malaysia: A Review of Definitions & Estimation”. Series 8. Retrieved from https://www.mydigital.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GigWorkerWhitepaper.pdf
Dilak Geoffrey, M., Sulaiman, S. S., & Samad, S. A. (2024). Navigating the New Wave of Short-Term Rental Accommodation Regulation in Malaysia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(XVI), 45–56. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.816sco003
Donovan, S. A., Bradley, D. H., & Shimabukuru, J. O. (2016). What does the gig economy mean for workers? Retrieved from https://ecommons.cornell.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/c768a7f6-106f-4c14-9a4f-822267dc3d78/content
Duggan, J., Sherman, U., Carbery, R., & McDonnell, A. (2020). Algorithmic management and app‐work in the gig economy: A research agenda for employment relations and HRM. Human resource management journal, 30(1), 114-132. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1748-8583.12258
Dźwigoł, H. (2024). The role of qualitative methods in social research: analyzing phenomena beyond numbers. Zeszyty Naukowe, 2024(206), 139–156. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2024.206.7
Ekmekçi, E. (2024). Quantitative Analysis of the Future of the Sharing Economy, Housing, White-Collar Labor Markets, and Problems in Big Cities. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.62802/sgawt064
Endress, T. (2024). Disruption and the Gig Economy: What’s Next? (pp. 109–122). Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9371-0_7
Friedman, G. (2014). Workers without employers: shadow corporations and the rise of the gig economy. Review of keynesian economics, 2(2), 171-188. Retrieved from https://www.elgaronline.com/view/journals/roke/2-2/roke.2014.02.03.xml
Ganapathyraman, S. (2025). Gig Economy’s Impact On Workforce Dynamics And Economic Resilience. Social Science Research Network. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5086559
Harun, N., Ali, N. M., & Khan, N. L. M. A. (2020). An experimental measure of Malaysia’s gig workers using labour force survey. Statistical Journal of the IAOS, 36(4), 969–977. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3233/SJI-200749
Huđek, I., & Širec, K. (2023). The terminology and the concept of the gig economy. Ekonomski Pregled, 74(1), 34–58. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.32910/ep.74.1.2
Huang, N., Burtch, G., Hong, Y., & Pavlou, P. A. (2020). Unemployment and worker participation in the gig economy: Evidence from an online labor market. Information Systems Research, 31(2), 431-448. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2019.0896
Human Resources Development Fund (2019). “HRDF Human Capital Report”. (January). HRDF. Retrieved from https://www.mydigital.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GigWorkerWhitepaper.pdf
Jyothirmai.,K, M., R, D., & T., Dr. S. (2022). Employee Competencies Interrelation of Workforce Agility Attributes. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Management, 97–103. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.55524/ijirem.2022.9.4.16
Jumbri, I. A., Chin, T. Y., Mohamad Sharif, S. B., Ismail, A. F. @ M. F., Widjajanti, K., Kurnianingrum, D., & Karmagatri, M. (2024). Exploring Work Motivation in Malaysia’s Gig Economy: A Study on Millennials’ Involvement and Influencing Factors. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v13-i4/22970
Joshi A, Jain S, Gupta PK. Challenges and impact of the gig economy. Sustainable Economies. 2024; 2(2): 96. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.62617/se.v2i2.96
Kalleberg, A. L., & Dunn, M. (2016). Good jobs, bad jobs in the gig economy. Members-Only Library, 20. Retrieved from https://acrobat.adobe.com/id/urn:aaid:sc:ap:879163fa-ca09-4c1a-8f27-ed28ea803613
Lepanjuuri, K., Wishart, R., & Cornick, P. (2018). The characteristics of those in the gig economy.
Le, A. G., Bui, T. T. T., Dang, N. V. B., & Ngo, N. T. (2022). The behavioral intention of using online food delivery services during the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam: A test of integrating TAM and HBM framework. International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management (IJABIM), 13(1), 1-19. Retrieve from https://www.igi-global.com/article/the-behavioral-intention-of-using-online-food-delivery-services-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-vietnam/313097
Li, S. (2023). The Gig Economy and Labour Market Dynamics. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, 61(1), 275–281. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/61/20231285
Lim, X. W. (2024). Residential seeking considerations: input from real estate agents (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR). Retrieved from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/6543/
Malaysia Digital Economy Corporation. (2024). Sharing Economy | MDEC. MDEC. Retrieved from https://mdec.my/sharingeconomy
Martin, C., Hulse, K., Ghasri, M., Ralston, L., Crommelin, L., Goodall, Z., ... & O’Brien Webb, E. (2022). Regulation of residential tenancies and impacts on investment. Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute. Retrieved from http://www. doi. org/10.18408/ahuri7124801
Morris, D. (2015). Mind the gap! : essays examining the impact of skill deficiencies on the UK economy at differing aggregation levels. Retrieved from https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9610/1/David%20Morris%20PhD.pdf
Nath, P. (2020). Trust in Gig Economy. 13(4), 480–486. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/2631454120974224
Nawawi, N. H. A., Ramli, R., Khalid, N., & Rashid, S. F. A. (2023). Understanding The Presence of the Gig Economy in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.60016/majcafe.v31.11
Nelson, E. C., Wray, H. E., & White, N. C. (2022). The future of work, workplaces and smart buildings. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1145/3563357.3566136
Palada, M., Pamor, P. C. B., Sulit, J. R. B., & Villegas, R. L. C. (2024). Uncovering the Challenges and Opportunities of Gig Economy for Small Businesses. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 8(8), 2348-2367. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8080177
Payoneer. (2019). Q2 2019 Global Gig-Economy Index. Retrieved from https://metadataetc.org/gigontology/pdf/q2_global_freelancing_index.pdf
Tagliaro, C., Pome, A. P., Migliore, A., & Danivska, V. (2024). Technology “like a fork”. How PropTech shapes real estate innovation. Journal of European Real Estate Research. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/jerer-05-2024-0035/full/pdf
Sdino, L., & Magoni, S. (2017). The Sharing Economy and Real Estate Market: the Phenomenon of shared houses (pp. 241–251). Springer, Cham. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_17
Sharam, A., & Bryant, L. (2017). The uberisation of housing markets: putting theory into practice. Property Management, 35(2), 202–216. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-06-2016-0023
Singh, R. K., Sharma, A., Gupta, N., Kushwaha, R., Singh, R., & Mishra, M. (2023). Integration between Technological Advancement, Economic Opportunities, and Social Realities of Gig Workers: Employment Challenges And Opportunities. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4656749
Singh, H. (2024). Gig Workers: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Rise, Challenges, and Future of the Gig Economy. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(5).Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i05.29525
Shubhadip, R., Herman, N., & Sen, I. (2021). Disruptive Transformation Fueling Gig Economies. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON-EUR52034.2021.9488630
Spreitzer, G., Cameron, L., & Garrett, L. (2017). Alternative work arrangements: Two images of the new world of work. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4, 473-499. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113332
Vagisha, V. (2023). Narratives Data Set and Analysis. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22048187
Wang, B., Bi, W., & Liu, H. (2023). Dynamic Pricing with Parametric Demand Learning and Reference-Price Effects. Mathematics, 11(10), 2387. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/math11102387
Yunita, F. (2023). Embracing the Gig Economy. Indonesian Journal of Law and Society. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.19184/ijls.v4i2.43628
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 e-Academia Journal

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.