Building Governance Capacity Through Institutional Reforms: The Malaysian Experience

Authors

  • Norhaslinda Jamaiudin International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 53100 Gombak, Selangor Malaysia *Corresponding Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191/jas.v18i2.2664

Keywords:

News Malaysia, Institutional reforms, Competency, Accountability, Transparency, Public Trust

Abstract

The concept of ‘New Malaysia” was envisioned by Pakatan Harapan (PH) as part of their political pledges to build better governance capacity through institutional reforms. This was seen as a decisive move in view of a widening trust deficit between the government and society. Driven by this interest, this study aims to gauge the significant impact of institutional reforms in its professed ability to support the good governance agenda and to elevate public trust towards the government. Primary data was collected from 203 respondents via a survey questionnaire. The findings show that efforts to improve governance capacity via institutional reforms were commendable with more than 45 per cent respondents rating reforms as above par. Attempts to elevate a sense of trust in government is evident with 32.5 per cent of the total variability in public trust being accounted for by institutional reforms. This research adds to the body of knowledge relating to important corollary of institutional reforms towards better politicalgovernance in Malaysia.

References

Ahmad Farhan. (2020). UEC: A Danger to Malaysia’s National Identity? The Asean Post. Retrieved from htpps://www.google.com/amp/s/theaseanpost.

Ali Farazmand. (2015).Governance in the Age of Globalization: Challenges and Opportunities for South and Southeast Asia (Pp. 11-26) in Governance in South, Southeast, and East AsiaTrends, Issues and Challenges. Edited by Ishtiaq Jamil, Salahuddin M. Aminuzzaman Sk. Tawfique M. Haque Editors, Springer.

Alifah Zainuddin. (2018). Cleansing Continues on Accountability, Transparency — and the World is Watching. The Malaysian Reserve. Retrieved from https://themalaysianreserve.com/2018/12/12/cleansing-continues-on-accountability-transparency-and-the-world-is-watching/.

Ambiga, S. (2019). Institutional Reform: Rebuilding of the Nation Must Not Be Delayed. The Edge Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/institutional-reform-rebuilding-nation-must-not-be-delayed.

Anja, P. J. (2011). Political Parties and the Institutionalization of Education: A Comparative Analysis of Party Manifestos. Comparative Education Review, Vol.55, No. 2, pp. 189-209.

Ari, S. and Rina, I. N. (2010). Trust, Good Governance and Unethical Actions in Finnish Public Administration. International Journal of Public Sector Management. Vol.23, No. 7, pp. 647-668.

Ayee, J. R. A. (2011). Manifestos and Elections in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. South African Journal of International Affairs. Vol.18, Iss. 3, pp. 367-384.

Berman, H. J. (2006). Public Trust and Good Governance: An Essay. Education Research Complete, Inquiry, Vol.43, Iss.1, pp. 6-9.

Bernama. (2019). Efforts to Enhance Orang Asli Education Main Government Agenda, 22 April. Retrieved from https://www.bernama.com/en/news.php?id=1718850.

Borneo Post. ( 2020). Sustained Reforms Will Ensure Malaysia’s Continued Progress Against Corruption, 28th January. Retrieved from https://www.theborneopost.com/2020/01/28/sustained-reforms-will-ensure-malaysias-continued-progress-against-corruption/.

Brewer, B. (2003). Thailand: Building the Foundations for Structural and Systemic Transformation. In Anthoney Cheung & Ian Scott (Eds). Governance: Public Sector Reform in Asia Paradigm Shifts with Business as Usual (pp. 185-207). Routledge: London.

Brovard, S., Grossman, E., Guinaudeau, S., S. Persico, S., & Froio, C.(2018). Do Party Manifestos Matter in Policy Making? Capacities, Incentives and Outcomes of Electoral Programmes in France. Political Studies, Vol.66, Issue. 4, pp. 903-921.

Cheung, A, B.L and Scott, I. (2003). Governance and Public Sector Reform in Asia: Paradigms, Paradoxes and Dilemmas. In Anthony B.L, Cheung and Scott, (Eds). Governance and Public Sector Reform in Asia: Paradigm Shifts with Business as Usual (pp. 1-24 ). Routledge: London.

Cheung, A, B.L. (2003). Public Service Reform in Singapore: Reinventing Government in a Global Age in Governance. In Anthony B.L, Cheung and Scott, I (Eds). Public Sector Reform in Asia: Paradigm Shifts with Business as Usual (pp. 128-162). Routledge: London.

Daman, L and Hermanto, N. (2019). The Effect of Service Quality to Public Satisfaction and Public Trust to Local Government in Indonesia. International Journal of Social Economics.Vol.46, No. 3, pp. 377-392.

David, T., and Richard, T. (2020). An Age of Promises: British Election and Manifestos Addresses. Twentieth Century British History. Vol.31, Iss. 1, pp. 1-26.

Eran, V.G and Fany.Y. (2003). Managerial Quality, Administrative Performance and Trust in Governance Revisited. The International Journal of Public Sector Management. Vol.16, No. 7, pp. 502-522.

Fernandez, V.P. (2009). The Influence of Elections Manifestos on Citizen Perceptions of Parties’ Ideological Preferences. Midwestern Political Science.

Ghobadian, A., Viney, H., and Redwood, J. (2009). Explaining the Unintended Consequences of Public Sector Reform. Management Decision, Vol.47, No. 10, pp. 1514-1535.

Hazlina Aziz and Murniati Abd Karim. (2018). No More Mid-Year, Final Exams for Year 1-3 Pupils from 2019. New Straits Times. Retrieved from https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/442165/no-more-mid-year-final-exams-year-1-3-pupils-2019.

Ida lim. (2020). Amid Uproar, Huazong Says Agrees with PM that UEC Should be Inline with National Education Policy for resolution. Malaymail. Retrieved from https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/malaysia/2020/07/19.

Jo-Ann, D. (2019). Reforms Yet to Fully Take Off. Star Online. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2019/05/09/reforms-yet-to-fully-take-offwmFJoJYZOUH4gC7J.99.

Joseph, A.R.A. (2011). Manifestos and Elections in Ghana’s Fourth Republic. South African Journal of International Affairs. Vol.18, Iss. 3, pp, 367-384.

Kannan, H.K. (2018). RM 2 Billion Health Insurance Schemegiven Free to B40 Group. New Straits Times. Retrieved from nts.com.my/news/nation/2018/12/44750.

Kenneth Tee. (2018). Institutional Reforms Committee Submit Seven Immediate Proposals. Malaymail. Retrieved from https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2018/06/19/institutional-reforms-committee-.

Loo, S.B. (2018). Leadership and Public Sector Reforms in Malaysia. Leadership and public sector reforms in Asia, Vol. 30, pp. 207-230.

Louis, H.G.S., Pavel, S., and Kooten, G.C. (2003). Trust in Countries in Transition: Empirical Evidence From Agriculture. International Journal of Social Economics. Vol. 30, No. 10, pp. 1095-1109.

Mahyudin Ahmad and Stephen. G.H. (2017). Trust based Social Capital, Economic Growth and Property Rights: Explaining the Relationship. International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 21-52.

Markus,W., and Thomas, M. (2014). Which Issues Do Parties Empahsise? Salience Strategies and Party Organization in Multiparty Systems. West European Politics. Vol.37, Iss. 5.Pp.1019-1045.

Mansbridge, J. (2003). Rethinking Representation. American Political Science Review. Vol.97, Iss. 4, pp. 515-528.

Manstead, A. S. R. (2018). The Psychology of Social Class: How Socioeconomic Status Impacts Thought, Feelings, and Behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 57(2), 267–291.

Mcleary, C.N and Cruise, C.A. (2015). A Context Specific Model of Organizational Trust an Examination of Cognitive and Socio Affective Trust Determinants in Unique Cultural Settings. Cross Cultural Management, Vol. 22, No.2, pp. 297-320.

Mizrahi,S., Vigoda-Gadot, E., and Van Ryzin, G. (2010). Public Sector Management, Trust, Performance and Participation. Public Performance and Management Review, Vol.34, Issue. 2, pp. 268-312.

Momna, Y., Ihsan, F., & Ellahi,A. (2016). Exploring the Impact of Good Governance on Citizen’s Trust in Pakistan. Government Information Quarterly, Issue Vol.33, pp.200-209.

National Anti-corruption Plan (2019-2023). Retireved from www.pmo.gov.my/2019/07/national- anticorruption-plan/.

Nikolous, E., & Wolfgang, C.M. (2017). Manifesto functions: How Party Candidates View and Use Their Party’s Central Policy Document. Electoral Studies, Vol. 45, pp.75-87.

Norton. S. (2007). Lost in Transition: The Inappropriateness of Accidental New Public Management to Reform of the Public Sector Bureaucracy in Japan. International Journal of Public Sector Management. Vol.20, No. 7, pp. 674-693.

Nurisyal, M., & Norhaninah, A.G. (2020). A Decade of Corruption Studies in Malaysia. Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 27, No. 22, pp. 423-236.

Pakatan Harapan. (2018). Manifesto Pakatan Harapan PRU 14. Retrieved from https://www. Academia.edu/38035765/manifesto.

P.Aruna. (2018). Towards Transparency in Government Spending. The Star. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2018/11/05/towards-transparency-in-government-spending#pBBv4o069Jr7YCoU.99.

Pablo, Y. (2016). New Approaches Confront ‘Old’ Challenges in African Public Sector Reform. Third World Quarterly. Vol. 37, Iss. 1, pp. 136-152.

Painter, M.(2002). Public Administration Reform in Vietnam: Problems and Prospects. Public Administration and Development, Vol.23, Issue 3, pp259271.https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.249.

Sandosam, W. (2018). Why Prices are Still High? The Star. https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/letters/2018/10/02/why-prices-are-still-high.

Siddiquee, N.A. (2006). Public Management Reforms in Malaysia: Recent Initiatives and Experiences. International Journal of Public Sector Management. Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 339-358.

Siddiquee, N.A. (2008). Service Delivery Innovations and Governance: The Malaysian Experience. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. Vol.2, No.3, pp.194-213.

Shazni Ong. (2019). Pakatan Harapan Government Seeks to Walk the Talk. The Malaysian Reserve.

Spoon, J. J. (2014). Do Parties Respond? How Electoral Context Influences Party Responsiveness. Electoral Studies. Vol.35, pp. 48-60.

Sulemana, I and Issifu, I. (2015). An Empirical Examination of the Determinants of Trust in Ghana. International Journal of Social Economics. Vol.42, No. 11, pp. 1005 1023.

Suresh Ram. (2019) Employers Worried about Minimum Wage Hike. News Strait Times. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nst.com.my.

Tarrence Tan. (2018). Dewan Rakyat Passes Bill to Amend Federal Constitution to Lowering Voting Age to 18. The Star. Retrieved from Read more at https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2019/07/16/federal-constitution-amended-to-lower-voting-age-to-18#HFqKvYp8r7yxeaeq.99.

The News Strait Times. (2020). Malaysia Rises 10 Spots, Improving Ranking in Annual Global Corruption Index, 10 January. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia.

The Straits Times. (2019). PH Government Fails in Bid to Make Sabah, Sarawak Equal Partners, 10th April. Retrieved from https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/seasia/ph-govt-fails-in-bid-to-make-sabah-sarawak-equal-partners.

The Star. (2019). Government Sets Up Debt Management Office to Strengthen Fiscal Position, 15th May. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2019/05/15/govt-sets-up-debt-management-office-to-strengthen-fiscal-position.

Ton, R and Timbuong, J. (2018). Good news for 6.6 million road users. The Star. Retrieved from https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/11/04/goodnews-for-66- million-road- users-motorists-to-enjoy-savings-under-fuel -subsidy.

Thackeray, D., & Richard, t. (2020). An Age of Promises: British Election and Manifestos. Twentieth Century British History. Vol. 31, Iss. 1, pp. 1-26.

Tommy, K.S.K. (2018). Promises of the “Book of Hope”: Influence on the new Malaysia government. Asia Pacific Bulletin, No. 443, pp. 2-4.

Tri Jant Miko Wahyu Prabowo, Philomena Levag, James, G. (2017). Reforms in P5 Accounting and Budgeting in Indonesis (2003-2015). Journal of Public Budgeting and Accounting and Financial Management. Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 104-137

Uma Sekaran. (2000). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach ( 3rd Ed.) John Wiley and Sons, inc.

Walgrave, S., & Nuytemans, M. (2009). Friction and Party Manifesto Change in 25 Countries. American Journal of Political Science, Vol.53, No.1, pp. 190-206.

Wei, w., Liang, M., & Wenxuan, Y. (2017). Government Transparency and Perceived Social Equity: Assessing Moderating Effect of Citizen Trust in China. Administration & Society, Vol. 49, Issue, 6, pp. 882-906.

Downloads

Published

31-12-2021

How to Cite

Norhaslinda Jamaiudin. (2021). Building Governance Capacity Through Institutional Reforms: The Malaysian Experience . Journal of Administrative Science, 18(2), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.24191/jas.v18i2.2664