OPTIMIZATION AND DETERMINATION OF TARTRAZINE BY GREEN TWEEN-20 CLOUD POINT EXTRACTION FOR FOOD SAMPLES
Keywords:
cloud point extraction, Tween-20, sodium carbonate, tartrazine, foodAbstract
A simple and low-cost cloud point extraction (CPE) method was developed for the determination of
tartrazine in food samples by spectrophotometry detection at a wavelength 427.5 nm. The CPE was
performed by utilizing Tween-20 and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as extractant and separation
accelerator, respectively. Factors that influenced CPE such as surfactant and salt concentrations, pH
and temperature were optimized in the context of extracting tartrazine from aqueous media. Under an
optimal condition, the proposed CPE was applied for the determination of tartrazine in sweets and
concentrated syrup juice, which represented food samples. A CPE-UV-Vis method showed linear
calibration within the range of 1-12 mg L-1 of tartrazine with a regression coefficient was 0.9957. The
limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were 0.88 mg L-1 and 2.96
mg L-1, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was found to be < 3.00 %. The amount of
tartrazine found in food samples was 1.22-6.12 mg L-1. The results showed that the proposed CPE
method was applicable for the determination of tartrazine in food samples and the tartrazine content in
the food samples was permitted according to the guidelines from the European Food Safety Authority
(EFSA).
References
Asman, S., & Azlie, A. N. (2018). Triton X-100/β-Cyclodextrin cloud point extraction for removal of phenol
using different of sodium salts as inducing phase separation agent. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 30, 1299
Asman, S., Nur, S. M. R., Noorashikin, M. S. (2018). Performance of sodium salts as an inducing phase
separation agent on the polyethylene glycol/β-cyclodextrin cloud point extraction for the determination
of propylparaben. Desalination and Water Treatment, 105, 234-244.
Bişgin, A. T., Sürme, Y., Uçan, M., Narin, İ. (2018). Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric
Determination of Rhodamine B in Industrial, Cosmetic and Water Samples by Cloud Point and Solid
Phase Extraction. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 73(5), 452-458.
Chaudary, A. N., Porter-Blake, A., & Holford, P. (2003). Indices of pyridoxine levels on symptoms associated
with toxicity: A retrospective study. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine, 18, 65-76.
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority). (2009). Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation tartrazine (E 102).
European Food Safety Authority Journal, 7, 1331.
El-Shahawi, M.S., Hamza, A., Al-Sibaai, A. A., Bashammakh, A. S., A-Saidi, H. M. (2013). A new method for
analysis of sunset yellow in food samples based on cloud point extraction prior to spectrophotometric
determination. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 19, 529-535.
Goddard, E.D. & Ananthapadmanabhan, K.P. (1994). Interactions of surfactants with polymers and proteins.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. CRC Press: pp. 1-427.
Goto, K., Taguchi, S., Fukue, Y., Ohta, K., Watanabe, H. (1977). Spectrophotometric determination of
manganese with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol and a non-ionic surfactant. Talanta, 24, 752-753.
Guo, Y., Zhao, H., Han, Y., Liu, X., Guan, S., Zhang, Q., Bian, X. (2017). Simultaneous spectrophotometric
determination of trace copper, nickel, and cobalt ions in water samples using solid phase extraction
coupled with partial least squares approaches. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and
Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 173, 532-536.
Heydari, R., & Hosseini, M. (2016). A simple method for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of
brilliant blue fcf and sunset yellow fcf in food samples after cloud point extraction. Journal of the
Chemical Society of Pakistan, 38, 438-445.
Heydari, R., Hosseini, M., & Zarabi, S. (2015). A simple method for determination of carmine in food samples
based on cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric detection. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:
Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 150, 786-791.
Khammas, Z., Jawad, S., & Ali, I. (2014). A new approach for extraction and determination of manganese in
environmental samples using cloud-point extraction coupled with spectrophotometry. Chemical Science
Transactions, 3, 255-267.
Kulichenko, S. A., Doroschuk V. O., & Gonta N.A. (2009). Phase separation in non-ionic surfactant Triton X
solutions in the presence of phenol. Chemical Papers, 64, 91.
Liu, W., Zhao, W-j., Chen, J-b., Yang, M-m. (2007). A cloud point extraction approach using Triton X-100 for
the separation and preconcentration of Sudan dyes in chilli powder. Analytica Chimica Acta, 605, 41-45.
Mahajan, R. K. (2011) Cloud point studies of tween and glycol in the presence of salts AU - Chawla, Jyoti.
Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 32, 822-827.
Melnyk, A., Namieśnik, J., & Wolska L. (2015). Theory and recent applications of coacervate-based extraction
techniques. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 71, 282-292.
Michor, E. L., & Berg, J. C. (2015). Temperature effects on micelle formation and particle charging with span
surfactants in apolar media. Langmuir, 31, 9602-9607.
Mondal, S., Purkait, M.K., & De, S. (2018). Cloud Point Extraction. Advances in Dye Removal Technologies.
Singapore: Springer Singapore, 257-288.
Nambiar, A. P., Sanyal, M., & Shrivastav, P.S., (2017). Performance evaluation and thermodynamic studies for
the simultaneous cloud point extraction of erythrosine and tartrazine using mixed micelles in food
samples. Food Analytical Methods, 10, 3471-3480.
Noorashikin, M.S., Mohd Sohaimi, N., Suda, N., Aziz, H. (2017). The application of cloud point extraction in
environmental analysis. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 12, 79-95.
Pérez-Urquiza, M., & Beltrán J. L. (2001). Determination of the dissociation constants of sulfonated azo dyes by
capillary zone electrophoresis and spectrophotometry methods. Journal of Chromatography A, 917, 331
Pourreza, N & Zareian, M. (2009). Determination of orange II in food samples after cloud point extraction using
mixed micelles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 165, 1124-1127.
Pourreza, N., Rastegarzadeh, S., & Larki, A. (2011). Determination of allura red in food samples after cloud
point extraction using mixed micelles. Food Chemistry, 126, 1465-1469.
Purkait, M. K., Banerjee, S., Mewara S, DasGupta, S., De, S. (2005). Cloud point extraction of toxic eosin dye
using Triton X-100 as nonionic surfactant. Water Research, 39, 3885-3890.
Purkait, M. K., DasGupta, S., & De, S. (2006). Performance of TX-100 and TX-114 for the separation of
chrysoidine dye using cloud point extraction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 137, 827-835.
Siddiquee, S., & Shaarani, S.M. (2017). A review of extraction and analytical methods for the determination of tartrazine (E 102) in foodstuffs AU - Rovina, Kobun. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 47, 309
Wang, L., Cao, P., Li, W., Tong, P., Zhang, X., & Du, Y. (2016). Simultaneous detection of trace metal ions in
water by solid phase extraction spectroscopy combined with multivariate calibration. Spectrochimica
Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 159, 151-156.
Wang, Y., Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., Li, N. (2014). Spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow in beverage
after preconcentration by the cloud point extraction method. Analytical Methods, 6, 8901-8905.
Watanabe, H., & Tanaka, H., (1978) A non-ionic surfactant as a new solvent for liquid—liquid extraction of
zinc(II) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. Talanta, 25, 585-589.
Zain, N. N. M., Abu Bakar, N. K., Mohamad, S., Noorashikin, M.S. (2014). Optimization of a greener method
for removal phenol species by cloud point extraction and spectrophotometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part
A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 118, 1121-1128.
Zhao, L. (2013). Analysis of food additives in beverages using syringe filter filtration and HPLC. Agilent
Technologies: USA.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Academia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
