DEGRADATION OF CONGO RED DYE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESSES

Authors

  • Alya Nadhira Nasron School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Technology Mara, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Ninna Sakina Azman School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Technology Mara, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Nor Syaidatul Syafiqah Mohd Rashid School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Technology Mara, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
  • Nur Rahimah Said School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences University of Technology Mara, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Keywords:

azo dye, congo red, Fenton process, titanium dioxide

Abstract

Degradation of azo dyes by using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was conducted. In this
approach, different AOPs, which are Fenton process and titanium dioxide (TiO2) catalyst, were
examined and compared for the degradation of an azo dye (i.e., Congo red dye). The sample was tested
under UV light and the experiment was conducted for 90 min with 15 min interval. The degradation
rate of dye was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The effect of several parameters on the
degradation process such as the concentration of metal ions (Fe2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+) as the catalyst in
Fenton process, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the mass of TiO2, and pH value of the
dye solution were investigated. The initial Congo red concentration used for both techniques was 5
ppm. The results showed that the percentage degradation followed the sequence of H2O2/Fe2+/UV,
H2O2/Cu2+/UV, H2O2/Mn2+/UV, and TiO2/UV. The best operating conditions for H2O2/Fe2+/UV were pH
3, 0.2 M concentration of H2O2, and 0.02 M concentration of metal ion in 15 min, which achieved
99.92% degradation of dye. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed the absence of azo
bond (N=N) peak after degradation process, which indicates the successful cleavage of azo bond in the
chemical structure of Congo red.

References

Ajmal, A., Majeed, I., Malik, R. N., Iqbal, M., Nadeem, M. A., Hussain, I., Nadeem, M. A. (2016). Photocatalytic

degradation of textile dyes on Cu2O-CuO/TiO2 anatase powders. Journal of Environmental Chemical

Engineering, 4(2), 2138–2146.

Al-Rubaie, L. A. A. R., and Mhessn, R. J. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of azo dye para red and new

derivatives. Journal of Chemistry, 9(1), 465-470.

Ashraf, U., Chat, O. A., and Dar, A. A. (2014). Chemosphere an inhibitory effect of self-assembled soft systems

on Fenton driven degradation of xanthene dye Rhodamine B. Chemosphere, 99, 199–206.

Babu, S. S., Mohandass, C., Vijayaraj, A. S., and Dhale, M. A. (2015). Detoxification and color removal of Congo

red by a novel Dietzia sp.(DTS26) - A microcosm approach. Environmental Safety, 114, 52-60.

Duan, H., Liu, Y., Yin, X., Bai, J., and Qi, J. (2016). Degradation of nitrobenzene by Fenton-like reaction in a

H2O2/schwertmannite system. Chemical Engineering Journal, 283, 873–879.

Farahiyah, W., Kamarudin, W., Nasri, M., Rahman, A., Irwan, Z., and Afnani, A. (2016). Comparison study of

Congo red dye degradation process using Fenton’s reagent and TiO2. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied

Sciences, 11(9), 6176–6181.

Fujishima, S. (2013). Photocatalytic degradation of Methyl Orange in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. Asian Journal

of Chemistry, 25(2), 1103–1106.

Ghaly, M. Y., Ha, G., Mayer, R., and Haseneder, R. (2001). Photochemical oxidation of p-chlorophenol by

UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton process. A comparative study. Waste Management, 21, 41–47.

Haddad, M. El, Regti, A., Laamari, M. R., Mamouni, R., and Saffaj, N. (2014). Use of Fenton reagent as advanced

oxidative process for removing textile dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal Material Environment Sciences, 5(3),

–674.

Harichandran, G., and Prasad, S. (2016). Ultrasonics Sonochemistry SonoFenton degradation of an azo dye, Direct

Red. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 29, 178–185.

Hashemian, S., Tabatabaee, M., and Gafari, M. (2013). Fenton oxidation of Methyl Violet in aqueous solution.

Journal of Chemistry, 201(4), 1-6.

Khaparde, R., and Acharya, S. (2016). Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy effect of isovalent dopants on

photodegradation ability of ZnS nanoparticles. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 163, 49–57.

Khataee, A. R., and Kasiri, M. B. (2010). Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in the presence of

nanostructured titanium dioxide: Influence of the chemical structure of dyes. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:

Chemical, 328(1-2), 8–26.

Khataee, A., Fathinia, M., Zarei, M., Izadkhah, B., and Joo, S. (2014). Modeling and optimization of

photocatalytic/photoassisted-electro-Fenton like degradation of phenol using a neural network coupled with

genetic algorithm. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 20(4), 1852-1860.

Li, Y., Li, X., Li, J., and Yin, J. (2006). Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by TiO2-coated activated

carbon and kinetic study. Water Research, 40, 1119–1126.

Ljubas, D., Smoljanić, G., and Juretić, H. (2015). Degradation of Methyl Orange and Congo Red dyes by using

TiO2 nanoparticles activated by the solar and the solar-like radiation. Journal of Environmental Management, 161,

-91.

Mansoorian, H. J., Bazrafshan, E., Yari, A., and Alizadeh, M. (2014). Removal of Azo Dyes from aqueous solution

using Fenton and modified Fenton processes. School of Public Health, 3(2), 1-9.

Ortiz, E., Gómez-Chávez, V., Cortés-Romero, C. M., Solís, H., Ruiz-Ramos, R., and Loera-Serna, S. (2016).

Degradation of Indigo carmine using advanced oxidation processes: synergy effects and toxicological study.

Journal of Environmental Protection, 7(12), 1693.

Rauf, M. A., Meetani, M. A., and Hisaindee, S. (2011). An overview on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes

in the presence of TiO2 doped with selective transition metals. Desalination, 276(1–3), 13–27.

Saggioro, E. M., Oliveira, A. S., Pavesi, T., Maia, C. G., Ferreira, L. F. V., and Moreira, J. C. (2011). Use of

titanium dioxide photocatalysis on the remediation of model textile wastewaters containing azo dyes. Molecules,

(12), 10370-10386.

Salazar, R., Garcia-Segura, S., Ureta-Zañartu, M. S., and Brillas, E. (2011). Degradation of disperse azo dyes from

waters by solar photoelectro-Fenton. Electrochimica Acta, 56(18), 6371–6379.

Sreeja, P. H., and Sosamony, K. J. (2016). A comparative study of homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-Fenton

process for textile wastewater treatment. Procedia Technology, 24, 217-223.

Wang, J., Zhou, T., Mao, J., & Wu, X. (2015). Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering Comparative study

of sulfamethazine degradation in visible light induced photo-Fenton and photo-Fenton-like systems. Biochemical

Pharmacology, 3(4), 2393–2400.

Wang, N., Zheng, T., Zhang, G., and Wang, P. (2016). A review on Fenton-like processes for organic wastewater

treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 4, 762-787.

Xu, X., Li, H., Wang, W., and Gu, J. (2004). Degradation of dyes in aqueous solutions by the Fenton process,

Chemosphere, 57, 595–600.

Youssef, N. A., Shaban, S. A., Ibrahim, F. A., and Mahmoud, A. S. (2016). Degradation of methyl orange using

Fenton catalytic reaction. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(3), 317–321.

Downloads

Published

2018-12-31

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2018): December 2018

Section

Archives

License

Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Academia

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)