A Review on The Antimicrobial Properties of Bacterial Metabolites from Serratia spp. As Dye Material on Textile

Abstract

Natural dyes from plants, fruits, and animals were used in textiles until the mid-18th century. Synthetic dyes, developed during the Industrial Revolution, replaced them due to their affordability, stability, and incredibly vibrant colors. However, synthetic dyes cause environmental and health problems, including water pollution and mutations. Since the late 20th century, there has been a renewed interest in natural dyes, especially microbial dyes from bacteria, fungi, and algae. These dyes are environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and offer unique colors and bioactive properties, such as antimicrobial activity, UV protection, and pleasant scents.