Starch Film Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose from Tongkat Ali Petiole: Effect of Glycerol Composition

Abstract

Starch-based films provide favourable characteristics such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, and simplicity in forming films. However, films composed only of starch often suffer from brittleness and demonstrate insufficient mechanical capabilities, hence limiting their practical usefulness. To enhance the flexibility and mechanical properties of starch-based films, plasticizers and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are commonly added. The study examines the impact of adding glycerol to biodegradable starch films that are strengthened with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from Tongkat Ali petiole waste. Tongkat Ali, scientifically known as Eurycoma longifolia, is a medicinal plant that originates from Southeast Asia and is renowned for its therapeutic qualities. Nevertheless, the investigation of the cellulose-rich petioles, which are frequently thrown as agricultural waste, has not been extensively explored.