A Review on the Synthesis Methods for Producing Nanostructured Black TiO2

Abstract

Advanced oxidation process (AOP) employing nanostructured TiO₂ is extensively used in environmental remediation because of its photosensitivity, non-toxicity, long-term stability, and low cost. However, nanostructured TiO₂ suffers from quick charge recombination and poor quantum efficiency. By introducing defects and generating Ti³⁺, black TiO₂ can be produced. Black TiO₂'s crystal structure, morphology, and optical characteristics are affected by its synthesis method, which affects its photocatalytic activity.