Genetically Engineered Bacteria in Bioremediation of Environmental Pollution: A Review

Abstract

Industrial revolutions are the primary force powering society's economic and technological advancement. However, the thriving industrialisation and uncontrolled increase of current production units led to widespread environmental pollution as a result of increased waste discharge that is full of harmful, dangerous, and cancer-causing substances. Due to the ongoing appearance of new resistant contaminants, physicochemical-based remediation methods were considered expensive, causing a secondary disposal issue and continuing to fall short when mitigating pollution. For these reasons, microbial bioremediation has become a great option for reducing pollution since it is environmentally beneficial, socially acceptable, and has fewer health risks. Additionally, genetically modified bacteria with a strong ability to remove environmental toxins are frequently used in environmental restoration due to recent advancements in biotechnology and microbiology, making bioremediation more practical and environmentally safe.