Cytokine and Its Effect on Respiratory Allergy: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Allergy is described as an abnormal immune system that occurs when the immune system overreacts to foreign substances. Respiratory allergies like allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are caused by airborne proteins that cause airway inflammation. Human milk is an immune system-complex solution that contains a variety of substances that promote host defence mechanism development and support new-born growth. It also provides passive immunity, as human milk contains elements or components of different types and functions that actively stimulate the developing immune system. Over the past 20 years, various cytokines such as interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), transforming growth factors (TGFs), chemokines, and immunomodulatory substances like soluble receptors have been found in human milk.