Synthesis and Characterization of Biogenic Tin (IV) Oxide (SNO2) from Soybean Extract for Potential Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye Molecules

Abstract

Tin (IV) oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles are widely studied for their applications in photocatalysis, gas sensing, and optoelectronic devices due to their excellent chemical stability, high surface reactivity, and wide bandgap. However, conventional synthesis methods often rely on hazardous chemicals, raising concerns about environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the green synthesis of SnO₂ nanoparticles using soybean extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, providing an eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Four different soybean extract to SnCl₄·5H₂O ratios (1:1, 3:1, 5:1, and 7:1) were explored to evaluate their effects on the structural, chemical, and optical properties of the nanoparticles.