From Invasion to Infection: A Review of Understanding Salmonella Pathogenic Mechanism

Abstract

It has been established that Salmonellosis is an acute infection that can spread to humans and animals caused by one of the world’s most common foodborne pathogens, Salmonella. Salmonella-related infections are becoming more widespread even in today's world. Common illnesses like gastroenteritis and diarrhoea have created serious problems for the world’s health. A new medicinal approach must be developed to guarantee sufficient treatment because the bacterium's annual mortality rate is increasing. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms facilitating adhesion and invasion of Salmonella remain unknown. The molecular principles behind these medical conditions, as well as the ineffectiveness of antibiotics in curing infection, are still vague and undetermined. Hence, this review article aims to highlight the mechanism of invasion and pathogenicity of Salmonella for better future development of Salmonella treatment and management. Furthermore, this review discusses how these mechanisms maintain the infection persistence of Salmonella and the development of antimicrobial resistance strains.