Analysis of Caffeine in Various Brands of Instant Coffee using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

Caffeine is found in various beverages, including coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks. Food analysis is crucial for evaluating nutritional value and monitoring food additives. However, challenges in analysing caffeine in commercial products include insufficient clean-up, expensive solvents, large sample amounts, longer analysis times, and complex purification processes. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is utilised in this study because it is a simpler, faster and more advanced method for the analysis of caffeine. The purpose of this study is to determine caffeine content in three types of commercial instant coffee brands using DLLME coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimum DLLME parameters was used to assess caffeine content in different commercial instant coffee brands.