The Determination of phenanthrene in water using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that contain two or more condensed aromatic carbon rings. Phenanthrene is considered as the largest pollutant in PAHs constituent in environmental compartment. It has 3-fused benzene rings. Sample preparation prior to the determination of organic pollutants including PAHs in water usually consists of several steps due to the complexity of the sample matrices. Although SPE uses a large volume of solvents, it is easy to automate and can analyse many samples in parallel.