TRANSFORMATIVE SPACE DESIGN FOR SEX WORKERS’ COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY AT LORONG HAJI TAIB 1 AND 2, CHOW KIT, KUALA LUMPUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/myse.v12i2.7076Keywords:
Sex workers, Sex workers community, Psychological needs, Spatial design, Transformative space designAbstract
Sex workers and their marginalised communities are often subjected to spatial marginalisation and stigmatisation. Confined to specific locales due to the nature of their activities, involuntary participants of this community who were forced or coerced into sex work through sex trafficking syndicates are essentially trapped. Stigma and social exclusion attached to sex work can further marginalise the sex workers' community, making it difficult for them to access essential services and support. Although there are many efforts and assistance programmes designed to help this marginalised community, it is essential to comprehend the specific spatial and typology of spaces that can best meet the complex needs and aspirations of sex workers and the community. The research aims to explore the potential role of transformative spaces and the impact of spatial design integration on the psychological needs of sex workers in Lorong Haji Taib 1 and 2, Chow Kit, Kuala Lumpur, with a focus on improving their well-being by promoting community empowerment and improved social cohesion. Analysis of data collected from literature review, case study, and unstructured interviews show the intricate interplay between the physical environment and the psychological well-being of sex workers. The findings unveil the nuanced complexities of creating spaces that address immediate needs while empowering and uplifting marginalised communities. Design recommendations for transformative spaces that could support and improve the lives of sex workers were modelled from the needs, behaviour, and daily routine of the sex workers’ community in Lorong Haji Taib 1 and 2.
References
Abel, G., Fitzgerald, L., Healy, C., & Taylor, A. (Eds.). (2010). Taking the Crime out of Sex Work: New Zealand Sex Workers’ Fight for Decriminalisation. Policy Press.
Alessi, E. J., & Kahn, L. (2023). Toward a trauma-informed qualitative research approach: Guidelines for ensuring the safety and promoting the resilience of research participants. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 20(1), 121-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2022.2107967.
Amin, A. (2015). Addressing gender inequalities to improve the sexual and reproductive health and wellbeing of women living with HIV. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 18, 20302.
Antwi, A. A., Ross, M. W., & Markham, C. (2023). Occupational Health and Safety among Female Commercial Sex Workers in Ghana: A Qualitative Study. Sexes, 4(1), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.3390/sexes4010003.
Batliwala, S. & Friedman, M. (2014). Achieving Transformative Feminist Leadership: A Toolkit for Organisations and Movements. CREA.
Benoit, C., & Unsworth, R. (2022). COVID-19, Stigma, and the Ongoing Marginalization of Sex Workers and their Support Organizations. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 51(1), 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02124-3.
Bhattacharjya, M. (2021). Chords of solidarity, notes of dissent: the role of feminist conferences in movement-building in India. Gender & Development, 29(2–3), 623–647. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2021.2005291.
Deering, K. N., Amin, A., Shoveller, J., Nesbitt, A., Garcia-Moreno, C., Duff, P., Argento, E., & Shannon, K. (2014). A systematic review of the correlates of violence against sex workers. American Journal of Public Health, 104(5), e42–e54. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.301909
Degen, M., DeSilvey, C., & Rose, G. (2008). Experiencing Visualities in Designed Urban Environments: Learning from Milton Keynes. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 40(8), 1901-1920. https://doi.org/10.1068/a39208.
Earnshaw, V. A., Eaton, L. A., Kalichman, S. C., Brousseau, N. M., Hill, E. C., & Fox, A. B. (2020). COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, health behaviors, and policy support. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(4), 850–856. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa090.
Freeman, E. (2019). Feminist Theory and Its Use in Qualitative Research in Education. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.013.1193.
Goldenberg, S. M., Morgan Thomas, R., Forbes, A., & Baral, S. (Eds.) (2021). Sex work, health, and human rights: Global inequities, challenges, and opportunities for action. Springer.
Grittner, A., & Sitter, K. C. (2020). The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies. Affilia, 35(2), 274-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
Haslanger, S. (2012). Resisting Reality. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199892631.001.0001.
Hetherington, K. (1998). In Place of Geometry: The Materiality of Place. The Sociological Review, 45(1_suppl), 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1997.tb03461.x
Hubbard, L., Hardman, M., Race, O., Palmai, M., & Vamosi, G. (2023). Research With Marginalized Communities: Reflections on Engaging Roma Women in Northern England. Qualitative Inquiry, 30(6), 514-525. https://doi.org/10.1177/10778004231176770.
Hussin, N. I., Shamsuddin, A. M., Hed, N. M., & Razali, M. M. (2020). Human Trafficking For Sexual Exploitation İn Malaysia: Issues And Solutions. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(8), 3965-3979.
Kempadoo K. (2004). Sexing the Caribbean: Gender, race, and sexual labor. Routledge.
Lazarus, L., Deering, K. N., Nabess, R., Gibson, K., Tyndall, M. W., & Shannon, K. (2012). Occupational stigma as a primary barrier to health care for street-based sex workers in Canada. Culture, Health & Sexuality, 14(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2011.628411.
Liao, K. Y. H., Wei, M., Tsai, P. C., Kim, J., & Cheng, H. L. (2023). Language discrimination, interpersonal shame, and depressive symptoms among international students with Chinese heritage: collective self-esteem as a buffer. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 36(4), 774–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2023.2164845.
Madanipour, A. (2003). Public and private spaces of the city. Routledge.
Malec, T. E. (2018). Introduction to theory of culture-related spatial development. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 5(1), 1557583. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2018.1557583.
Marcuse, P. (1997). The Enclave, the Citadel, and the Ghetto: What has Changed in the Post-Fordist U.S. City. Urban Affairs Review, 33(2), 228-264. https://doi.org/10.1177/107808749703300206.
Mattson, G. (2015). The modern career of ‘the oldest profession’ and the social embeddedness of metaphors. American Journal of Cultural Sociology, 3(2), 191-223. https://doi.org/10.1057/ajcs.2015.4.
Nasrul, N. A. A., Zaman, N. Q., & Shaari, M. F. (2023). Feminine Space: A Study of Physical Environmental Factors Encouraging Women Presence in Privately Owned Public Places. MAJ-Malaysia Architectural Journal, 5(1), 15-31.
Pilcher, K. (2019). [Review of the book Women and sex tourism landscapes, by E. Sanders-McDonagh. Feminist Theory, 20(3), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700119861931c.
Pitcher, J., Campbell, R., Hubbard, P., O’Neill, M. & Scoular, J. (2006). Living and working in areas of street sex work. From conflict to coexistence. The Policy Press.
Platt, L., Grenfell, P., Meiksin, R., Elmes, J., Sherman, S. G., Sanders, T., Mwangi, P., & Crago, A. L. (2018). Associations between sex work laws and sex workers’ health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative and qualitative studies. PLoS Medicine, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002680.
Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 3(1), 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(83)80021-8.
Rekart, M. L., Ndifon, W., Brunham, R. C., Dushoff, J., Park, S. W., Rawat, S., & Cameron, C. E. (2017). A double-edged sword: does highly active antiretroviral therapy contribute to syphilis incidence by impairing immunity to Treponema pallidum?. Sexually Transmitted Infections, 93(5), 374-378.
Sanders, T. (2018). Unpacking the process of destigmatization of sex work/ers: Response to Weitzer ‘Resistance to sex work stigma’. Sexualities, 21(5-6), 736-739. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460716677731.
Scambler, G. (2018). Heaping blame on shame: ‘Weaponising stigma’ for neoliberal times. The Sociological Review, 66(4), 766-782. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038026118778177.
Scorgie, F., Chersich, M. F., Ntaganira, I., Gerbase, A., Lule, F., & Lo, Y. R. (2012). Socio-demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors of female sex workers in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review. AIDS and Behavior, 16(4), 920–933. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-011-9985-z.
Shannon, K., & Csete, J. (2010). Violence, condom negotiation, and HIV/STI risk among sex workers. Jama, 304(5), 573-574.
Trivedi, A. J., & Mehta, A. (2019). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs-theory of human motivation. International Journal of Research in all Subjects in Multi Languages, 7(6), 38-41.
Vuylsteke, B. (2012). Prevention and Treatment of HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Infections for Sex Workers in Low-and Middle-income Countries: Recommendations for a public health approach. World Health Organization, Department of HIV/AIDS.
Weitzer, R. (2007). Prostitution: Facts and Fictions. Contexts, 6(4), 28–33. https://doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2007.6.4.28.
Weitzer R. (2010). The sociology of sex work. Annual Review of Sociology, 36, 213–229.
Wilson, B. (2014). A Long Walk to Freedom: An Examination of The Process of Exit Among Women From Commercial Sexual Exploitation Across Cultures (Publication No. 3640913) [Doctoral dissertation, University at Buffalo, State University of New York]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Zeisel, J. (2006). Inquiry by Design: Environment/Behavior/Neuroscience in Architecture, Interiors, Landscape and Planning. W W Norton & Co.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Myse journal is a scholarly online, open access, peer reviewed journal.
Started in June 2023, the Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0