Assessing the Demand for Halal Storage: A Consumer Perspective from the Klang Valley
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v14i2.11842Keywords:
consumer behaviour, halal storage, halal supply chain, Theory of Planned BehaviorAbstract
The global Halal economy has grown rapidly, yet academic research on consumer demand for dedicated Halal storage services remains underdeveloped. Storage is a critical node where cross-contamination with non-Halal products can compromise supply chain integrity, but the consumer perspective on whether such services are valued and supported through purchase preferences, has rarely been examined. This study assesses Willingness to Pay (WTP) for dedicated Halal storage using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). A structured questionnaire was administered to 400 adult consumers residing in the Klang Valley (Kuala Lumpur and Selangor), Malaysia, recruited through dual-channel convenience sampling. Internal consistency, construct validity (KMO, Bartlett's, Exploratory Factor Analysis), descriptive distributions, non-parametric demographic comparisons, Pearson correlations and HC3-corrected multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the data. The TPB model demonstrated strong predictive power for WTP, with Attitude as the dominant predictor, Subjective Social Norms as a significant secondary predictor and Perceived Behavioural Control non-significant. Demographic post-hoc analyses revealed that Religion is the largest differentiator of WTP, with substantial non-zero WTP among non-Muslim respondents. The findings contribute to the Halal logistics literature by extending TPB to a backend, process-attribute service and offer practical guidance for Halal third-party logistics (3PL) providers, brand owners and certification bodies on consumer-pull strategies for dedicated Halal warehousing.
References
Abd Rahman, A., Abd Mubin, N., Yusof, R. N. R., & Kamarulzaman, N. H. (2023). Building supply chain performance through halal logistics, organisational capabilities and knowledge management. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 26(4), 498–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1969347
Ag Majid, D. K. Z., Abdul Hanan, S., & Hassan, H. (2021). A mediator of consumers' willingness to pay for halal logistics. British Food Journal, 123(3), 910–925. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2020-0047
Ahmad, A. N., Rahman, A. A., & Ab Rahman, S. (2015). Assessing knowledge and religiosity on consumer behavior towards halal food and cosmetic products. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(1), 10–14. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2015.V5.413
Ahmed, W., Najmi, A., Faizan, H. M., & Ahmed, S. (2019). Consumer behaviour towards willingness to pay for halal products: An assessment of demand for halal certification in a Muslim country. British Food Journal, 121(2), 492–504. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0085
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2002). Constructing a TPB Questionnaire: Conceptual and Methodological Considerations (Working paper). University of Massachusetts, Amherst. https://people.umass.edu/aizen/pdf/tpb.measurement.pdf
Alam, S. S., & Sayuti, N. M. (2011). Applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in halal food purchasing. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(1), 8–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/10569211111111676
Ali, M. H., Chung, L., Kumar, A., Zailani, S., & Tan, K. H. (2021). A sustainable Blockchain framework for the halal food supply chain: Lessons from Malaysia. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 170, 120870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120870
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939
Aziz, Y. A., & Chok, N. V. (2013). The role of halal awareness, halal certification, and marketing components in determining halal purchase intention among non-Muslims in Malaysia: A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing, 25(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08974438.2013.723997
Bonne, K., Vermeir, I., Bergeaud-Blackler, F., & Verbeke, W. (2007). Determinants of halal meat consumption in France. British Food Journal, 109(5), 367–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/0070700710746786
Carlsson, F., & Martinsson, P. (2001). Do hypothetical and actual marginal willingness to pay differ in choice experiments? Application to the valuation of the environment. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 41(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeem.2000.1138
Changalima, I. A. (2025). Halal supply chain management: A bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited publications from Scopus-indexed journals. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, Article 101248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101248
Darby, M. R., & Karni, E. (1973). Free competition and the optimal amount of fraud. Journal of Law and Economics, 16(1), 67–88. https://doi.org/10.1086/466756
Department of Statistics Malaysia. (2020). Population and housing census of Malaysia 2020. https://www.mycensus.gov.my/
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
DinarStandard. (2022). State of the global Islamic economy report 2022. Dubai International Financial Centre.
Ellahi, R. M., Wood, L. C., Khan, M., & Bekhit, A. E.-D. A. (2025). Integrity challenges in halal meat supply chain: Potential Industry 4.0 technologies as catalysts for resolution. Foods, 14(7), 1135. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14071135
Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104
Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2012). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024338
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate data analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Halimi, F. F., Gabarre, S., Rahi, S., Al-Gasawneh, J. A., & Ngah, A. H. (2022). Modelling Muslims' revisit intention of non-halal certified restaurants in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(11), 2437–2461. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2021-0014
Handayani, D. I., Masudin, I., Haris, A., & Restuputri, D. P. (2022). Ensuring the halal integrity of the food supply chain through halal suppliers: A bibliometric review. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(7), 1457–1478. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2020-0329
Hanemann, W. M. (1991). Willingness to pay and willingness to accept: How much can they differ? American Economic Review, 81(3), 635–647.
Harsanto, B., Farras, J. I., Firmansyah, E. A., Pradana, M., & Apriliadi, A. (2024). Digital technology 4.0 on halal supply chain: A systematic review. Logistics, 8(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics8010021
Hassan, S. H., & Hamdan, H. (2013). Experience of non-Muslim consumers on halal as third party certification mark in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 9(15), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n15p263
Hayes, A. F., & Cai, L. (2007). Using heteroscedasticity-consistent standard error estimators in OLS regression: An introduction and software implementation. Behavior Research Methods, 39(4), 709–722. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192961
Iranmanesh, M., Mirzaei, A., Hosseini, S. M. P., & Zailani, S. (2020). Determinants of Muslims' willingness to pay for halal certified food: Does religious commitment act as a moderator in the relationships? Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 14–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-03-2018-0049
Kovacs, I., & Keresztes, E. R. (2022). Perceived consumer effectiveness and willingness to pay for credence product attributes of sustainable foods. Sustainability, 14(7), 4338. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14074338
Li, S., & Kallas, Z. (2021). Meta-analysis of consumers' willingness to pay for sustainable food products. Appetite, 163, 105239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105239
Lim, Y. H., Lada, S., Ullah, R., & Abdul Adis, A. A. (2022). Non-Muslim consumers' intention to purchase halal food products in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 13(3), 586–607. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-06-2020-0172
Lusk, J. L., & Schroeder, T. C. (2004). Are choice experiments incentive compatible? A test with quality differentiated beef steaks. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 86(2), 467–482. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2004.00592.x
Mohd Yusof, S. W., Ahamat, A., Mohd Yusof, M. N. A. M., & Torres Ortega, R. (2025). Exploring factors shaping halal product purchase intention in Malaysia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(9), 4497–4509. https://dx.doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.909000369
Mokhlis, S. (2009). Relevancy and measurement of religiosity in consumer behavior research. International Business Research, 2(3), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v2n3p75
Nelson, P. (1970). Information and consumer behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(2), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1086/259630
Ngah, A. H., Gabarre, S., Eneizan, B., & Asri, N. (2021). Mediated and moderated model of the willingness to pay for halal transportation. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(8), 1425–1445. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-10-2019-0199
O'Brien, R. M. (2007). A caution regarding rules of thumb for variance inflation factors. Quality & Quantity, 41(5), 673–690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9018-6
Razali, N. M., & Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests. Journal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2(1), 21–33.
Rezai, G., Mohamed, Z., Shamsudin, M. N., & Chiew, E. F. C. (2010). Non-Muslims’ awareness of Halal principles and related food products in Malaysia. International Food Research Journal, 17(3), 667–674. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/11717/
Rizki, D., Hamzah, M., Fakhiroh, Z., & Hendri, D. (2023). Best practice halal integrity management in the logistic chain scheme: Analysis of opportunities and challenges. Journal of Islamic Economic Laws, 6(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.23917/jisel.v6i1.19867
Sarwar, A., Zafar, A., & Qadir, A. (2021). Analysis and prioritization of risk factors in the management of Halal supply chain management. Discover Sustainability, 2(1), Article 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-021-00039-6
Sunmola, F., Baryannis, G., Tan, A., Co, K., & Papadakis, E. (2025). Holistic framework for blockchain-based halal compliance in supply chains enabled by artificial intelligence. Systems, 13(1), Article 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13010021
Tan, A., Gligor, D., & Ngah, A. (2020). Applying Blockchain for Halal food traceability. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 25(4-5), 947–964. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2020.1825653
Tedjakusuma, A. P., Au Yong, H. N., Andajani, E., & Mohamad, Z. Z. (2023). Intention to purchase halal health supplement online: Lessons learned from the health crisis. Heliyon, 9(9), Article e19840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19840
Terry, D. J., & Hogg, M. A. (1996). Group norms and the attitude-behavior relationship: A role for group identification. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(8), 776–793. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167296228002
Tieman, M., van der Vorst, J. G. A. J., & Ghazali, M. C. (2012). Principles in halal supply chain management. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 3(3), 217–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/17590831211259727
Tomczak, M., & Tomczak, E. (2014). The need to report effect size estimates revisited: An overview of some recommended measures of effect size. Trends in Sport Sciences, 1(21), 19–25.
Truong, V.-A. T., Lang, B., & Conroy, D. M. (2022). When food governance matters to consumer food choice: Consumer perception of and preference for food quality certifications. Appetite, 168, 105688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105688
Wan Nawang, W. R., Abdul Shukor, S., Mursidi, A., & Ismail, A. (2023). Extending the theory of planned behavior to examine factors influencing intention to purchase halal chocolate among Malaysian Muslims. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 16(2), 281–311. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol16no2.10
Wu, W., Zhang, A., van Klinken, R. D., Schrobback, P., & Muller, J. M. (2021). Consumer trust in food and the food system: A critical review. Foods, 10(10), 2490. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10102490
Zailani, S., Arrifin, Z., Abd Wahid, N., Othman, R., & Fernando, Y. (2010). Halal traceability and halal tracking systems in strengthening halal food supply chain for food industry in Malaysia (a review). Journal of Food Technology, 8(3), 74–81.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Nik Ridhwan, Tuan Sidek Tuan Muda, Abdul Hadi Samsi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.





