Halal Pharmaceutical Industry in Nigeria: A bitter pill to swallow
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v4i2.6372Keywords:
Halal; Halal Supply Chain; Halal Pharmaceuticals; Halal Medicine; Nigerian Halal Pharmaceuticals; Nigerian Halal MedicineAbstract
Notwithstanding Nigeria’s large Muslim population of 89.25 million citizens, very little research has been carried out in terms of addressing Halal needs in Nigeria. This qualitative case study reviewed the perspective of 32 respondents, (15 patients, 15 doctors and two pharmacists), in a medical centre in Abuja, Nigeria on their perceptions on and awareness of Halal pharmaceuticals. The interview data were collected through telephone interviews. Data analysis and findings were examined against the literature reviewed in this study. Findings concluded that there was a lack of awareness of Halal medicine products within Nigeria and that this was the primary reason why the respondents felt that there was a dearth of Halal pharmaceuticals. There were also secondary concerns from the patients about the risk of counterfeit medicine and the doctors were worried at the potential cost of providing Halal pharmaceutical options in case it deterred patients from buying the (Halal) medicaments prescribed. The pharmacists were supportive of Halal pharmaceuticals in principle but highlighted issues surrounding both the efficacy of alternatives and the effectiveness of some current ingredients that might be deemed unacceptable in Halal preparations.
References
Adesina, D. A. (2013). Adesina: It’s time to liberate Nigeria from the stranglehold of food importation. This Day Live.
Ali, M. (2014). Perspectives on drug addiction in Islamic history and theology. Religions, 5(3), 912–928.
Al-Asqalani, I. H. (2000). Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari. Riyadh: Dar Al-Salam.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (1999). The lawful and the prohibited in Islam (al-halal wal haram fil Islam). American Trust Publications.
Al-Qaradawi, S. Y. (2007). The halal and haram in the private life of a Muslim. Al-Falah Foundation.
Alqudsi, S. G. (2014). Awareness and demand for 100% Halal supply chain meat products. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 130, 167–178.
Annabi, C. A., & Ahmed, J. L. (2015). Halal beef handling in Nigeria: The abattoir workers' perspective. Journal of Emerging Economies & Islamic Research, 3(2), 1–16.
Azeez, N. A., Ibrahim, I., & Raof, N. A. (2014). The need for legal intervention within the Halal pharmaceutical industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 121, 124–132.
Bello, M., Lawan, M. K., Aluwong, T., & Sanusi, M. (2013). Management of slaughter houses in northern Nigeria and the safety of meat produced for human consumption. Food Control, 1–6.
BERA. (2011). Ethical guidelines for educational research. British Educational Research Association, London.
Bonne, K., & Verbeke, W. (2008). Muslim consumer trust in halal meat status and control in Belgium. Meat Science, 79, 113–123.
Bryman, A., & Bell, E. (2011). Business research methods. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
Coffey, A., Holbrook, B., & Atkinson, P. (1996). Qualitative data analysis: Technologies and representation. Sociological Research. Retrieved from http://www.socresonline.org.uk/1/1/4.html
Daher, M., Chaar, B., & Saini, B. (2014). Impact of patients' religious and spiritual beliefs in pharmacy: From the perspective of the pharmacist. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy.
Department of Standards Malaysia. (2012). MS 2424: 2012 Malaysian Standard: Halal Pharmaceuticals – General Guidelines.
Dicicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). Making sense of qualitative research: The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40, 314–321.
Easterbrook, C., & Maddern, G. (2008). Porcine and bovine surgical products: Jewish, Muslim, and Hindu perspectives. American Medical Association, 143, 366–370.
Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., & Lowe, A. (2002). Management research: An introduction. Sage Publications.
Fogel, J., & Ebadi, C. (2011). Religious categories and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine: Attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding vaccination. Journal of Medical Marketing: Device, Diagnostic and Pharmaceutical Marketing, 11, 303–311.
Global Islamic Economy Summit. (2013). State of the global Islamic economy 2013. Madinat Jumeirah, Dubai.
Goddard, W., & Melville, S. (2004). Research methodology: An introduction (2nd ed.). Juta and Co. Ltd.
Grabenstein, J. D. (2013). What the world's religions teach, applied to vaccines and immune globulins. Vaccine, 31, 2011–2023.
Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82.
Haleem, M. A. (2005). The Qur'an. OUP Oxford.
Halim, M. A. A., Salleh, M. M. M., Kashim, M. I. A. M., Ahmad, A. A., & Nordin, N. (2014). Halal pharmaceuticals: Legal, Shari’ah issues and fatwa of drug, gelatin and alcohol. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 4(12), 1176–1190.
Hattori, R. (2003). Why do children say did you went?: The role of do-support. Proceedings of BUCLD, Supplement 28.
Ismail, Z. (2014). Halal ingredients: The pharmaceutical sector. Penang International Conference.
Jonker, C., & Botma, N. (2012). The emotion experiences of employees in a work setting. In N. M. Ashkanasy, C. E. J. Härtel, & W. J. Zerbe (Eds.), Experiencing and managing emotions in the workplace (Research on Emotion in Organizations, 8, pp. 13–49).
Karim, A. A., & Bhat, R. (2008). Gelatin alternatives for the food industry: Recent developments, challenges and prospects. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 19, 644–656.
Klass, T. (1998). Push-vs.-pull concepts in logistics. CEMS Academic Conference.
Kowalczyk, D. (2014). Purposes of research: Exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Retrieved from http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/purposes-of-research-exploratory-descriptive-explanatory.html
Lada, S., Tanakinjal, H. G., & Amin, H. (2009). Predicting intention to choose halal products using theory of reasoned action. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2(1), 66–76.
Lokman, A. R. (2001). Halal products consumerism, technology and procedures. Melaka: Percetakan Surya Sdn Bhd.
Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M., & Jessop, J. (Eds.). (2012). Ethics in qualitative research. Sage.
NAFDAC. (2013). Drug evaluation and research directorate. In Federal Ministry of Health (Ed.).
NAFDAC. (2016, February 8). Recall – Undeclared drug ingredients. Retrieved from http://www.nafdac.gov.ng/index.php/component/k2/item/294-recall-undeclared-drug-ingredients
NAFDAC. (n.d.). Guidelines for registration of imported drug products in Nigeria (NAFDAC/RR/002/00). Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17115e/s17115e.pdf
NAFDAC. (n.d.). Guidelines for registration of drugs and related products manufactured in Nigeria (NAFDAC/RR/003/00). Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17114e/s17114e.pdf
Nain, N. K., Nazefah, A. H., Ilina, C. C., Dzulkhairi, M. M., Syahrina, R. N., Fadzilah, Z. N., Norlelawati, Z., Wirda, A. A., Normaliza, A. M., Wifaq, M. A., & Mustafa‘Afifi, A. H. (2013). Towards a halal certification module and training programme development for the pharmaceutical industry.
Nasaruddin, R. R., Fuad, F., Mel, M., Jaswir, I., & Abdulhamid, H. (2012). The importance of a standardized Islamic manufacturing practice (IMP) for food and pharmaceutical productions. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 6, 588–595.
Malaysian Halal Hub. (2016). The recognised foreign halal certification bodies and authorities. Malaysia: Halal Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.halal.gov.my/v4/index.php/en/badan-islam
Omar, E. N., Jaafar, H. S., & Osman, M. R. (2013). Halalan toyyiban supply chain of the food industry. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 1(3).
O’Neil, J., & Sachs, G. (2014). MINT, re-based GDP and poverty: A commentary on the identity crisis in Africa’s largest economy. African Journal of Business and Economic Research, 9.
Oshodi, B. (2014). Nigeria: Making waves. Islamic Finance News, 11.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Leech, N. L. (2007). A call for qualitative power analyses. Quality and Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, 41, 105–121.
Riaz, M. N., & Chaudry, M. M. (2003). Halal food production. CRC Press.
Rowley, J. (2002). Using case studies in research. Management Research News, 25, 16–27.
Saleha, S., Azmi, S., Imran, M., Maryam, F., & Muhammad, A. (2013). Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and perception regarding halal pharmaceuticals among general medical practitioners in Malaysia. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 4, 138–146.
Samori, Z., Ishak, A. H., & Kassan, N. H. (2014). Understanding the development of halal food standard: Suggestion for future research. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(6), 482.
Shabana, D. K. (2013). Factors driving halal pharma market. International Halal Pharmaceutical Summit, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Shah, H., & Yusof, F. (2014). Gelatin as an ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products: An Islamic perspective. AENSI Journals: Advances in Environmental Biology, 3, 774–780.
Shin, J. E., & Kellogg, D. (2007). The novice, the native, and the nature of language teacher expertise. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 17(2), 159–177.
Siddiqui, R. (2014). Halal pharmacies: The next big thing? Albawaba Business. Retrieved from http://www.albawaba.com/business/Halal-industry-556596
Taib, A. G. (1989). Dadah dan pencegahannya di Malaysia. PAM Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd.
Tieman, M. (2013). Establishing the principles in halal logistics. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 1, 7.
Tieman, M., & Maznah, C. G. (2013). Principles in halal purchasing. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 4(3), 281–293.
Transparency International. (2015). Corruption Perceptions Index. Retrieved from http://www.transparency.org/cpi2015#results-table
UNFPA. (2014). State of World Population. Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINAL-web.pdf
World Bank. (2014). World Governance Indicators. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/ca140/Downloads/c161.pdf
Zakaria, Z. (2008). Tapping into the world halal market: Some discussions on Malaysian laws and standards. Shariah Journal, 16(3), 603–616.
Zarif, M. M. M., Murad, A. H. A., & Fahmi Md Yusof, A. (2013). The use of forbidden materials in medicinal products: An Islamic perspective.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Carrie Amani Annabi , Suhayr Mustapha Wada
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
