Bee Propolis in Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review of Its Chemical Composition, Biological Activity and Therapeutic Benefits

Abstract

Bee propolis is a resinous hive product that has therapeutic benefits for oral health. It is produced by bees using resins derived from plants and trees, combined with beeswax. The chemical composition of propolis is complex and varies depending on the species and region of origin. The bioactive chemicals in propolis have significant impacts on its biological activity. There has been a growing global concern regarding the prevalence and escalation of oral diseases, such as dental caries, periodontal disorders, and mouth cancer. Propolis has been shown to possess unique bioactive compounds that are known for their antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the mechanism by which propolis works to maximise safety and efficacy is not yet fully understood. Therefore, a better knowledge of the relationship between propolis' chemical compounds and its method of action is vital for reducing the risk of oral disease.