Optimization of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) in Stingless Bee Honey Using the Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Method With Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Honey, a natural sweet substance produced by honeybees, has been widely recognized for its medicinal properties and nutritional benefits. Stingless bees, known as kelulut bees in Malaysia, produce honey with enhanced therapeutic benefits, showcasing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. This unique honey has gained attention for its potential in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly for wound healing applications. Unlike traditional honey, stingless bee honey possesses distinct characteristics, including a horizontal hive structure and specific production processes. The purpose of this study is to optimize the volatile organic compound (VOCs) using (SPME) and Response Surface Methodology Central Design (RSM-CCD).