OVERTRAINING AND BURNOUT IN YOUNG TENNIS ATHLETES: IMPLICATION FOR SPORTS COACHES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/mjssr.v21i1.5662Keywords:
Tennis athletes, Burnout, Overtraining, Training load, Early specializationAbstract
Tennis is one of the sports that requires a high level of physical requirements, including speed, agility, strength, endurance, power, flexibility, footwork, and hand-eye coordination, just to successfully serve or receive a ball. In Malaysia, a total of 13 different tournaments, organized locally, and internationally, are available for young tennis athletes to participate in, where they are required to attend various scheduled and intensive training sessions prior to their tournament, ranging from 12 to 48 hours per month in different age groups. Given the chronic stressors including high training load, academic demands, and expectations from coaches, family, and the athletes themselves, young tennis athletes are predisposed to overtraining and burnout occurrence. Overtraining is defined as a longer period of negative unintentional consequences of training, resulting in decreased performance, which lasts longer than just a few days. Burnout is defined as a psychophysiological response to exhaustion, involving three components, including psychological, physical, and behavioural components, which manifests in three features including emotional and physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and sport devaluation. Hence, this study aims to identify the risk factors of burnout and overtraining in young tennis athletes, to provide actionable recommendations to parents, coaches, and paediatricians, and in supporting young athletes’ well- being. A total of five articles which studies the correlation between training load or training volume and occurrence of burnout in young tennis athletes were included in this study. Results yielded were inconclusive to recommend the optimum duration of recommended training hours or training load in young tennis athletes, to avoid the occurrence of burnout, highlighting the need for further research to be conducted to establish the relationship between training load and burnout occurrence in young tennis players in Malaysia.
References
Andrade, A., De Orleans Casagrande, P., Guimarães Bevilacqua, G., Pereira, F., Matte, D., & Coimbra, D. (2019). Burnout in elite junior tennis players: a multiple case study. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte/Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 97–106. https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/revpsidep/revpsidep_a2019v28n2/revpsidep_a2019v28n2p97.pdf
Bell, L. (2019). Overreaching, Overtraining and Athlete Burnout in Tennis: Definitions, Identification and Recommendations for Practitioners.
Casagrande, P., Andrade, A., Viana, M. da S., Itibere, D., & Vasconcellos, C. (2014). Burnout em tenistas brasileiros infanto-juvenis Burnout in Brazilian junior tennis players. Semantic Scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Burnout-em-tenistas-brasileiros-infanto-juvenis-in-Casagrande -Andrade/2f67acc8b026ec30676258273868130d20be8ee5
Casagrande, P., Reis, C., Danilo, A., & Andrade, A. (2018). Burnout in elite tennis players of different junior categories. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 24. 121-124. 10.1590/1517-869220182402181208.
Chervinski, L. (2024, March 17). How Long Do Tennis Matches Last? (Professional & Amateur). Retrieved from Racket Royalty website: https://racketroyalty.com/blog/tennis/how-long-is-a-tennis-match/#:~:text=So%2C%20how%20long %20is%20a
Coutts, A. J., Gomes, R. V., Viveiros, L., & Aoki, M. S. (2010). Monitoramento das cargas de treinamento no tênis de elite. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria E Desempenho Humano, 12(3), 217–220. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2010v12n3p217
DiFiori, J. P., Benjamin, H. J., Brenner, J. S., Gregory, A., Jayanthi, N., Landry, G. L., & Luke, A. (2014). Overuse injuries and burnout in youth sports: a position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(4), 287–288. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-093299
Ericsson, K. A. (1996). The acquisition of expert performance: An introduction to some of the issues. In K. A. Ericsson (Ed.), The road to excellence: The acquisition of expert performance in the arts and sciences, sports, and games (pp. 1–50). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological Review, 100(3), 363–406. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.100.3.363
Ford, P. J., Coughlan, E. K., Hodges, N. J., & A. Mark Williams. (2015). Deliberate Practice in Sport. Routledge EBooks, 347–362. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315776675-30
Foster, C. (1998). Monitoring training in athletes concerning overtraining syndrome. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 30(7), 1164–1168. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199807000-00023 Genevois, C., Rogowski, I., & Le Solliec, T. (2020). Measurement and control of tennis training load: a case study. ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review, 28(80), 4–7. https://doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v28i80.60
Gustafsson, H., Kenttä, G., Hassmén, P., & Lundqvist, C. (2007). Prevalence of Burnout in Competitive Adolescent Athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 21(1), 21-37. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.21.1.21
Holden, S. L., Forester, B. E., Williford, H. N., & Reilly, E. (2019). Sport Locus of Control and Perceived Stress among College Student-Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16), 2823. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162823
International Tennis Federation. (2022). Tennis Play and Stay. Retrieved from Itftennis.com website: https://www.itftennis.com/en/growing-the-game/itf-tennis-play-and-stay/
International Tennis Federation. (2023). Development. Retrieved from Itftennis.com website: https://www.itftennis.com/en/growing-the-game/development/
ITF - ITF Global Tennis Report 2021. (2021). Itf.uberflip.com. http://itf.uberflip.com/i/1401406-itf-global-tennis-report-2021/11
Johor Tennis Junior Development Programme (Green & Yellow) Training Schedule (May). (2024). Johor Tennis Association.
Lawn Tennis Association. Competition Age Groups. Retrieved from: https://www.lta.org.uk/compete/junior/competition-age-groups/
Mehrban. (2016, November 3). The 8 Most Critical Tennis Skills and How to Test Them. Tennis Files. https://tennisfiles.com/8-critical-tennis-skills-how-test-them/
Metrifit. “Burnout – a Consequence of More than Just Physical Stress.” Metrifit Ready to Perform, 31 Mar. 2021. metrifit.com/blog/burnout-a-consequence-of-more-than-just-physical-stress/. Hong Kong, China Tennis Association. (n.d.). Mini Red Competition 2024 C1. Retrieved from: https://hkta.tournamentsoftware.com/tournament/24FDBBC0-3449-4C16-BDDE-679CAB58954B Mouelhi-Guizani, S., Guinoubi, S., Teyeb, N., Chtara, M., & Crespo, M. (2021). Effect of practice hours on elite junior tennis players’ burnout: Gender differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 17(6), 174795412110644. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541211064417 Myer, G. D., Jayanthi, N., Difiori, J. P., Faigenbaum, A. D., Kiefer, A. W., Logerstedt, D., & Micheli, L. J. (2015). Sport Specialization, Part I. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 7(5), 437–442. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738115598747
Ochi, S., & Kovacs, M. (2016). Periodization and Recovery in the Young Tennis Athlete. 10.1007/978-3-319-27559-8_5.
Peringkat Nasional Pelti (PNP) - pelti.or.id. (2024, March 18). Retrieved from https://pelti.or.id/peringkat-nasional-pelti-pnp
Prins, P. (2011). Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Indicators of Fatigue in Collegiate Women Tennis Players https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1117&context=etd Tennis Australia. (2024). CBC Tennis Factory UTR Colour Ball Series Event 2. Retrieved from tournaments.tennis.com.au website: https://tournaments.tennis.com.au/tournament/5821a89f-0f06-4313-b36f-f6470db73572 Tennis Malaysia. (2024). Tennis Malaysia Junior Development Program 2.0.
The Benefits of Youth Sports in Child Development. (2023, July 10). Retrieved from University of San Diego - Professional & Continuing Education website: https://pce.sandiego.edu/child-development-through-sports/
Singapore Tennis Association. (n.d.). Tournament Info : STA. Retrieved from: https://www.singtennis.org.sg/tournament-info.aspx?id=1865
Lawn Tennis Association of Thailand. (n.d.). Tournaments – LTAT. Retrieved from https://www.ltat.org/tournaments/
US Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Retrieved from https://health.gov/sites/default/files/2019-09/PAG_Advisory_Committee_Report.pdf USTA Junior Team Tennis of Spartanburg. (n.d.). Red, Orange, Green, Yellow? Retrieved from: https://www.spartanustajtt.com/red-orange-green-yellow
United State Tennis Association. (2016). USTA Sanctioned Tournaments Player Eligibility Requirements. Retrieved from: https://www.usta.com/en/home/play/youth-tennis/programs/national/eligibility.html#tab=tournaments
World, T. (2017, April 28). Essential Tennis Skills. Tennis World North Ryde. https://www.tennisworldonline.com.au/essential-tennis-skills/
