DESIGNING MOTIVATOR STATIC FORMS TO PREVENT RISK DISEASE: CONSIDERATION FOR GRAPHIC DESIGNERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/VoA.v16i1.11984Keywords:
behaviour change, health education, prevention diseases, persuasive communication, risk behaviour.Abstract
Prevention of the disease can only be succeed if the message can be deliver to target audience and they willing to perform health behavior to prevent from risk disease. The purpose of this article was to review the literature about framework that could be a motivator for target audience to change their behavior and also to maximize their effectiveness. Future recommendations also will be added in this paper in order to enhance the framework. Literature review of published research and education articles. The needs of few features that can complete the framework in order to help the target audience to perform behavior change is required. In order to be effective, McGuire’s conceptual framework need to hybrid with Fobb’s behavior model to analyze outcome for behavior change among target audience. Graphic designer need to identify the use of static form that could motivate target audience to perform health desirable behavior in order to prevent them from risk disease. The use of image might be vary and need to be acceptable to range of age target audience.
References
[1] Hoffmann, T., & McKenna, K. (2006). Analysis of stroke patients’ and carers’ reading ability and the content and design of written materials: recommendations for improving written stroke information. Patient Education and Counseling, 60(3), 286–93.
[2] Bernier MJ. Developing and evaluating printed education materials: a prescriptive model for quality. Orthop Nurs 1993;12:39–46.
[3] Kitching JB. Patient information leaflets: the state of the art. J R Soc Med 1990;83:298– 300.
[4] Ley P. The use of written information for patients. In: Ley P, editor. Communicating with patients. London: Chapman & Hall; 1988. p. 110–24.
[5] Rose, T. a, Worrall, L. E., Hickson, L. M., & Hoffmann, T. C. (2011). Aphasia friendly written health information: content and design characteristics. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 13(4), 335–47.
[6] Caposecco, A., Hickson, L., & Meyer, C. (2011). Assembly and insertion of a self-fitting hearing aid: design of effective instruction materials. Trends in Amplification, 15(4), 184–95
[7] Doak CC, Doak L, Root J. Teaching patients with low literacy skills, 2nd ed., Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1996.
[8] Ache, K. a, & Wallace, L. S. (2009). Are end-of-life patient education materials readable? Palliative Medicine, 23(6), 545–8.
[9] Cronin, M., O’Hanlon, S., & O’Connor, M. (2011). Readability level of patient information leaflets for older people. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 180(1), 139–42.
[10] Tian, C., Champlin, S., Mackert, M., Lazard, A., & Agrawal, D. (2014). Readability, suitability, and health content assessment of web-based patient education materials on colorectal cancer screening. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 80(2), 284–290.e2.
[11] Yi, P. H., Chang, M. M., & Haughom, B. D. (2014). Readability of patient education materials from the AAHS, 393–394.
[12] Paivio A: Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. New York, Clarendon Press, 1986.
[13] Hawley ST, Zikmund-Fisher B, Ubel P, Janco- vic A, Lucas T, Fagerlin A: The impact of the format of graphical presentation on health- related knowledge and treatment choices. Patient Educ Couns 2008; 73: 448–455
[14] You WB, Wolf MS, Bailey SC, Grobman WA: Improving patient understanding of pre- eclampsia: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 206: 431 e431– e435.
[15] Houts, P. S., Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Loscalzo, M. J. (2006). The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 173–190.
[16] Ouellette, J. a, Hessling, R., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., & Gerrard, M. (2005).
Using images to increase exercise behavior: prototypes versus possible selves.
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31(5), 610–620.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167204271589
[17] Chassin, L., Presson, C.C., Sherman, S.J., Corty, E., & Olshavsky,R.W. (1981). Self-images and cigarette smoking in adolescence. Person- ality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 7, 670-676.
[18] Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Predicting young adults’ health-risk behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1164-1180
[19] Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. AmericanPsychologist, 41, 954-969.
[20] Sutterlund, M. B., & Niedenthal, P. M. (1993). “Who am I? Why am I here?” Selfesteem, self-clarity, and prototype matching, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 769-780.
[21] Blanton, H., Vanden Eijnden, R. J., Buunk, B. P., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Bakker, A. (2001). Accentuate the negative: Social images in the prediction and promotion of condom use. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 31, 274-295.
[22] Fazio, R. H., Sherman, S. J., &Herr, P. M. (1982). The feature-positive effect in the selfperception process: Does not doing matter as much as doing? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 404- 411.
[23] Skowronski J. J., & Carlston, D. E. (1989). Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation: A review of explanations. Psycho- logical Bulletin, 105, 131-142.
[24] Gibbons, F. X., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Eggleston, T. J., Dykstra, J., Kulik, J. A., et al.
(2004). Reactance as heuristic: Self-esteem and responses to health persuasion.
[25] Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., Trudeau, L., Vande Lune, L. S., &Buunk, B. (2002a). Inhibitory effects ofdrinker and non-drinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychology, 21, 601-609.
[26] Markus, H., & Ruvolo, A. (1989). Possible selves: Personalized repre- sentations ofgoals. in L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Goalconcepts in personality and social psychology (pp. 211-241). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Marlatt,
[27] Albert, S. (1977). Temporal comparison theory. Psychological Review, 84, 485-503.
[28] Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2000). The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people’s personal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 928-942.
[29] Green, A. E., Mays, D., Falk, E. B., Vallone, D., Gallagher, N., Richardson, A., Niaura, R. S. (2016). Young adult smokers’ neural response to graphic cigarette warning labels. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 3, 28–32.
[30] Cameron LD, Pepper JK, Brewer NT. Responses of young adults to graphic warning labels for cigarette packages. Tob Control. 2015;24:e14-e22.
[31] Sanders-Jackson AN, Song AV, Hiilamo H, Glantz SA. Effect of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and voluntary industry health warning labels on passage of mandated cigarette warning labels from 1965 to 2012: transition probability and event history analyses. Am J Public Health. 2013;103:2041-2047.
[32] Azagba S, Sharaf MF. The effect of graphic cigarette warning labels on smoking behavior: evidence from the Canadian experience. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013;15:708- 717.
[33] Yang, ZY., Yang, Z., Zhu, L. et al. Int.J. Behav. Med. (2011) 18: 295.
[34] Hilmi (2017, October 30). 70% total deaths in Malaysia due to NCD: Retrieved from https://www.thesundaily.my/archive/73-total-deaths-malaysia-due-ncd-hilmi-
ETARCH498205
[35] World Health Organization. Action plan for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in South-East Asia, 2013–2020. New Delhi: WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2013.
[36] World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases in the Western Pacific Region. Manila: WHO Office of the Western Pacific Region; 2012. 3.
[37] Heart Disease. (2019, February 4). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/heart-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20353118
[38] Oyserman, D., Terry, K., & Bybee, D. (2002). A possible self inter- vention to enhance school involvement. Journal of Adolescence, 25, 313-326.
[39] Hooker, K. (1992). Possible selves and perceived health in older adults and college students. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 47, 85-95.
[40] Freeman, M. A., Hennessy, E. V., & Marzullo, D. M. (2001). Defensive evaluation of antismoking messages among college-age smokers: The role of possible selves. Health Psychology, 20, 424-433.
[41] Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Lane, D. (2003). A social-reaction model of adolescent health risk. In J. Suls &K. A. Wallston (Eds.), Social psychological foundations of health and illness (pp. 107-136). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
[42] Aldridge, M. D. (2004). Writing and Designing Readable Patient Education Materials. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 31(4), 373–378.
[43] Green, A. E., Mays, D., Falk, E. B., Vallone, D., Gallagher, N., Richardson, A., Niaura, R. S. (2016). Young adult smokers’ neural response to graphic cigarette warning labels. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 3, 28–32.
[44] Blanton, H., Vanden Eijnden, R. J., Buunk, B. P., Gibbons, F. X., Gerrard, M., & Bakker, A. (2001). Accentuate the negative: Social images in the prediction and promotion ofcondom use. Journalof Applied Social Psychology, 31, 274-295.
[45] Gibbons, F. X., Stock, M. L., Gerrard, M., Eggleston, T. J., Dykstra, J., Kulik, J. A., et al.
(2004). Reactance as heuristic: Self-esteem and responses to health persuasion.
[46] Gerrard, M., Gibbons, F. X., Reis-Bergan, M., Trudeau, L., Vande Lune, L. S., &Buunk, B. (2002a). Inhibitory effects ofdrinker and non-drinker prototypes on adolescent alcohol consumption. Health Psychology, 21, 601-609.
[47] Markus, H., & Ruvolo, A. (1989). Possible selves: Personalized representations of goals.
In L. A. Pervin (Ed.), Goalconcepts in personality and social psychology (pp. 211-241). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
[48] Albert, S. (1977). Temporal comparison theory. Psychological Review, 84, 485-503
[49] Wilson, A. E., & Ross, M. (2000). The frequency of temporal-self and social comparisons in people’s personal appraisals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 928-942.
[50] Houts, P. S., Doak, C. C., Doak, L. G., & Loscalzo, M. J. (2006). The role of pictures in improving health communication: A review of research on attention, comprehension, recall, and adherence. Patient Education and Counseling, 61(2), 173–190.
[51] Delp C, Jones J. Communicating information to patients: the use of cartoon illustrations to improve comprehension of instructions. Acad Emerg Med 1996;3:264–70.
[52] Ngoh LN, Shepherd MD. Design development, and evaluation of visual aids for communicating prescription drug instructions to non- literate patients in rural Cameroon. Patient Educ Counsel 1997; 31:245–61.
[53] McGuire WJ. Public communication as a strategy for inducing health-promoting behavioural change. Prev Med 1984;13:299-319
[54] Paul CL. The Development of Printed Health Education Messages. (dissertation). University of Newcastle, 1994:
[55] Rosenstock IM. Why people use health services. Milbank Memorial Fund Q 1966;44(suppl):94-127.
[56] Rosenstock IM. The health belief model and preventive behaviour. Health Educ Monographs 1974;2(4):27-59
[57] Weiss, C., Hanebuth, D., Coda, P., Dratva, J., Heintz, M., & Stutz, E. Z. (2010). Aging images as a motivational trigger for smoking cessation in young women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 7(9), 3499–3512.
[58] Zimmermann, F., & Sieverding, M. (2010). Young adults’ social drinking as explained by an augmented theory of planned behaviour: the roles of prototypes, willingness, and gender. British Journal of Health Psychology, 15(Pt 3), 561–581.
[59] Tian, C., Champlin, S., Mackert, M., Lazard, A., & Agrawal, D. (2014). Readability, suitability, and health content assessment of web-based patient education materials on colorectal cancer screening. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 80(2), 284-290.e2.
[60] Services, I. (2006). Readability and comprehension instruments used for print and webbased cancer information reviewed. Nursing Home & Elder Business Week, 201.
[61] Friedman, D. B., & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2006). A systematic review of readability and comprehension instruments used for print and web-based cancer information. Health
Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 33(3), 352–373.
[62] Kasabwala, K., Agarwal, N., Hansberry, D. R., Baredes, S., & Eloy, J. A. (2012). Readability assessment of patient education materials from the American Academy of
Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck
Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck
Surgery, 147(3), 466–471.
[63] Stossel, L. M., Segar, N., Gliatto, P., Fallar, R., & Karani, R. (2012). Readability of patient education materials available at the point of care. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 27(9), 1165–1170.
[64] Hoffmann, T., & Ladner, Y. (2012). Assessing the suitability of written stroke materials:
an evaluation of the interrater reliability of the suitability assessment of materials (SAM) checklist. Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 19(5), 417–422.
[65] Tian, C., Champlin, S., Mackert, M., Lazard, A., & Agrawal, D. (2014). Readability, suitability, and health content assessment of web-based patient education materials on colorectal cancer screening. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 80(2), 284-290.e2.
[66] Finnie, R. K. C., Felder, T. M., Linder, S. K., & Mullen, P. D. (2010). Beyond reading level: A systematic review of the suitability of cancer education print and Web-based materials. Journal of Cancer Education, 25(4), 497–505.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
