The Influence of Cognitive Bias and Social Judgment Theory on Decision-Making in Forensic Investigations

Abstract

In the current digital era, video evidence plays a critical role in forensic investigations and legal proceedings. However, the assessment of such visual evidence is not necessarily objective and is often shaped by various forms of cognitive bias. This study aims to explore how cognitive biases, such as confirmation bias, hindsight bias, and the anchoring effect, influence the acceptance or rejection of video evidence within the context of forensic investigations, through the lens of Social Judgment Theory (SJT). By elaborating on a theoretical model that connects SJT with the evaluation of video evidence, this paper posits that prior beliefs and social attitudes shape the latitude of acceptance, non-commitment, and rejection toward visual evidence. Methodologically, this study adopts Social Judgment Theory as its guiding framework, integrating qualitative inquiry to examine individual thought processes, subjective interpretations, and contextual influences in the evaluation of forensic video evidence. This paper highlights the critical need to recognize cognitive biases within the criminal justice system and outlines strategies to minimize their influence. The study’s findings may support the development of a fairer justice system, reinforce professional training for legal and forensic practitioners, and improve the precision and trustworthiness of video evidence interpretation.