Exploring Family Influence on Political Support Amongst Non-Malay Bumiputera in Sabah
Keywords:
political support, family influence, Non-Malay Bumiputera, Sabah Politics, Malaysia politicsAbstract
Political support is an integral component within the survival of a political party, it determines the strength and vitality of its political progress. The nature of politics can penetrate the layers of society and touch the fabric of a family. The political landscape in the state of Sabah is colored with a myriad of local and national base parties, and it has affected the way politics and democracy are practiced. The non-Malay Bumiputera constitutes a significant portion of the state demographic, however the continued political support towards a non-local political party is widely seen in the state, and this is an interesting avenue to be explored. Therefore, using a qualitative method and analyzing the interviews using thematic analysis, this research has explored non-Malay Bumiputera on their family influence in their political support towards non-local political parties. The research through two main themes found out that family influence on their political support had a significant impact on their political support. This research has managed to highlight the intracity of familial values and how they impact the political participation of an individual, expanding on the dynamic of non-Malay Bumiputera political support in Sabah. Future research should explore other aspects of political support in the state that underscore the state's political dynamic involving ideology, religion, party management, ethnicity, gender, and localities.
References
Ahmad Tajudin, A. A., Mohamed Noor, M. N., & Zawawi, H. Y. (2021). Dari Federalisme Terpusat ke Federalisme Multi-etnik: Pengaruh Etnisiti dalam Persekutuan Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(11), 26–37. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i11.1139
Ahmad, Z., & Zain, Z. M. (2021). Political Involvement among Youth in Malaysia: Lessons Learnt. International Journal of Media and Communication Research2021, 2(1), 11–22.
Asmady, I., & Suzalie, M. (2014). Kelangsungan Dominasi Barisan Nasional Di Sabah Dalam Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-13. Kajian Malaysia, 32(2), 171–206.
Ationg, R. (2018). Federal Political Elites and the Expansion of Ethnic Politics to the Periphery State of Sabah in Malaysia. ANU.
Awang Besar, J. (2018). Kriteria pemimpin dan pola sokongan kepada parti politik di Dewan Undangan Negeri N56 Apas, Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 14(3), 128–140. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2018-1403-10
Awang Besar, J., Hazim Abdul Ghani, M., Fuad Mat Jali, M., Lyndon, N., Pengajian Sosial, P., dan Persekitaran, P., & Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, F. (2015). Pola politik kaum dalam Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia Ke-13: Kajian kes Negeri Selangor. Geografia, 11(9). http://www.penerangan.gov.my
Aziz, H., & Said, S. (2018). The United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) in Sabah, East Malaysia: An Overview 1990-1994. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(12), 565–575. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i12/3638
Bagang, T. P., Puyok, A., & Mersat, N. I. (2021). The 16th Sabah State Election: Kadazandusun Politics and the Huguan Siou Factor. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(10), 404–412. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i10.1122
Baker, S. E., & Edwards, R. (2012). How many qualitative interviews is enough ? National Centre for Research Methods Review Paper, 1–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
Bob-Milliar, G. M. (2012). Political party activism in Ghana: Factors influencing the decision of the politically active to join a political party. Democratization, 19(4), 668–689. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2011.605998
Brahim, M., Sakdan, Mohd. F., & Mohamad, M. (2013). Peranan Wakil Rakyat Dalam Parti Politik: Isu Dan Cabaran. Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategy, 40(1), 91–115.
Brandenberger, L., Casiraghi, G., Andres, G., Schweighofer, S., & Schweitzer, F. (2022). Comparing Online and Offline Political Support. Swiss Political Science Review. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12524
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology 3.2, 77–101.
Canavan, M., & Turkoglu, O. (2022). The Effect of Migration on Political Support for Co-ethnics: Evidence From Turkey. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 66(4–5), 867–898. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027211065421
Chen Jie. (2004). Political Support and Participation in a Non-Dmocratic Socxiety: A Study of Chinese Urban Residents.
Chin, J. (1999). Going east: UMNO’s entry into Sabah politics. Asian Journal of Political Science, 7(1), 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185379908434135
Chin, J. (2015). Exporting the BN/UMNO model. In Routledge handbook of contemporary Malaysia, (pp. 83–92).
Chin, J., & Puyok, A. (2010). Going Against the Tide: Sabah and the 2008 Malaysian General Election. Asian Politics and Policy, 2(2), 219–235.
Clarke, V., & Braun, V. (2017). Thematic analysis. Journal of Positive Psychology, 12(3), 297–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2016.1262613
Clifford, S. (2020). Compassionate Democrats and Tough Republicans: How Ideology Shapes Partisan Stereotypes. Political Behavior, 42(4), 1269–1293. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/T4GBDS
Cole, J. C., Flores, A., Jiga-Boy, G. M., Klein, O., Sherman, D. K., & Van Boven, L. (2023). Party over pandemic: Polarized trust in political leaders and experts explains public support for COVID-19 policies. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 26(7), 1611–1640. https://doi.org/10.1177/13684302221118534
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Cross, W., & Young, L. (2008). Factors influencing the decision of the young politically engaged to join a political party: An investigation of the Canadian case. Party Politics, 14(3), 345–369. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068807088126
Dollah, R., Joko, E. P., Maraining, A., & Sakke, N. (2018). Budaya Politik dan Kedinamikan Politik Sabah. Jurnal Kinabalu Edisi Khas, 1–17.
Easton, D. (1975). A Re-Assessment of the Concept of Political Support. In Journal of Political Science (Vol. 5, Issue 4). http://www.jstor.orgURL:http://www.jstor.org/stable/193437Accessed:07/08/200807:25
Finkel, S. E. (1987). The effects of participation on political efficacy and political support: Evidence from a West German panel. The Journal of Politics , 49(2), 441–464.
Firdaus Azil. (2018). UMNO Sabah perlu lebih autonomi untuk relevan - Abdul Rahman. Astro Awani.
Gauja, A. (2015). The construction of party membership. European Journal of Political Research, 54(2), 232–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12078
Ghazali, A. S., Othman, M. R., Rahman, Z. A., Fauzi, R., Demokrasi, P. K., Raya, P., Dekan, / A Pejabat, Sastera, F., & Sosial, S. (2011). Politik etnik Malaysia: Analisis pasca Pilihan Raya Umum ke 12 mengenai sokongan bukan Melayu kepada UMNO dan PAS.
Hadi Samsi, A., Izani Mohd Zain, M., & Ahmad Sufian Burhan, N. (2023). Factors Driving The Involvement of Malay Youths in The Election Process in Malaysia. Sains Insani , 08(02), 304–309.
Haute, E. V. H. (2011). Party membership: An under-studied mode of political participation 1. In Party Membership In Europe: Exploration into the Anthills of Party Politics (pp. 7–22). www.partirep.eu.
Hetherington, M. J. (1998). The Political Relevance of Political Trust. In Source: The American Political Science Review (Vol. 92, Issue 4).
Heywood, A. (2013). Politics (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Howard, M. C. (2022). Are face masks a partisan issue during the COVID‐19 pandemic_ Differentiating political ideology and political party affiliation _ Enhanced Reader. International Journal of Psychology, 57(1), 153–160.
Hutchinson, F. E. (2015). Centre–State Relations and Intra-Party Dynamics in Malaysia: UMNO and the Case of Johor. Asian Journal of Political Science, 23(2), 111–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02185377.2015.1055774
Ismail, M. T. (2011). Konservatisme Dalam Politik Umno. Malaysian Journal of History Politics and Strategic Studies, 38(1), 57–80. http://www.conservatismconference.org/call.html
Izwan, A. (2022, December 10). Pemimpin BERSATU Sabah keluar parti, kekal bawah GRS-Hajiji. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2022/12/1037660/pemimpin-bersatu-sabah-keluar-parti-kekal-bawah-grs-hajiji
James Chin. (2018). From Ketuanan Melayu to Ketuanan Islam: UMNO and the Malaysian Chinese.
Jennings, M. K., Stoker, L., & Bowers, J. (2009). Politics across generations: Family transmission reexamined. Journal of Politics, 71(3), 782–799. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022381609090719
Johon, A., & Puyok, A. (2022). Pilihan Raya Negeri Sabah Ke-16: Sokongan Terhadap Parti STAR Dan Perspektif Politik Etnik Kadazandusun. Trends in Undergraduate Research, 5(1), h9-19. https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.4063.2022
Liow, J. C. (2004). Political Islam in Malaysia: Problematising discourse and practice in the UMNO-PAS “Islamisation race.” Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, 42(2), 184–205. https://doi.org/10.1080/1466204042000299254
Mahadee Ismail, M., Mohd Noor, M., Abdullah, A., Azlili Hassan, N., Idris, F., Muslim, N., & Bassit Husain, A. (2018). Societal Perception on the Government Role in Governing Development and Ethnic Relations in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(13). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i13/4808
Mallinson, D. J., & Hatemi, P. K. (2018). The effects of information and social conformity on opinion change. PLoS ONE, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196600
Marume, Dr. S. B. M., Chikasha, Dr. A. S., & Ndudzo, Prof. D. (2016). Political Parties. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 13(04), 140–152. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-130407140152
Md Yunus, M., Ismail, M. M., Abdullah, A., Hassan, N. A., & Anuar, H. (2020). Analisis tahap penerimaan isu Melayu-Islam dalam kempen pilihan raya di kawasan Melayu pinggir bandar. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 16(4). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2020-1604-10
Mishler, W., & Rose, R. (2002). Learning and re-learning regime support: The dynamics of post-communist regimes. In European Journal of Political Research (Vol. 41).
Mohamad Razali, M., Noranizahhafizah Boyman, S., Ilham Hussin, N., & Asna Wan Mohd Nor, W. (2016). Youth Political Participation : An Analysis of Conventional Investments in Malaysia. Jurnal Perspektif Jil. 8 Bil, 2, 70–78.
Mohd Fitri, A. R. (2016). Trend pengundian dan dinamika politik Cina di Malaysia. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 1(1), 14–24.
Mohd Fuad, M. J., Yahya, I., Noor Aziah, M. A., Abdul Halim, S., & Khaidzir, I. (2009). Minat, Aspirasi dan Sokongan Politik Belia IPT Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Youth Studies, 1(6), 99–116.
Mohd Hed, N. (2017). The Dynamics of Youth Political Participation in Southeast Asia: The Case of Malaysia.
Mohd Hed, N., & Grasso, M. T. (2020). Age group differences in political activism in Malaysia. Journal of Youth Studies, 23(6), 765–779. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2019.1636948
Mohd Zain, Z. (2021). Budaya politik masyarakat Melayu: Satu analisis. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2021-1701-22
Newton, K. (2006). Political Support: Social Capital, Civil Society and Political and Economic Performance. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7ks7h74n
Omar Din, M. A., Wan Husain, W. A. F., Mat Kib, M. Z., & Abu Bakar, J. (2017). Peranan UMNO Menegakkan Islam dalam Perlembagaan Persekutuan: Satu Kajian Secara Kronologikal. Akademika, 87(01), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2017-8701-07
Poletti, M., Webb, P., & Bale, T. (2019). Why do only some people who support parties actually join them? Evidence from Britain. West European Politics, 42(1), 156–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2018.1479921
Ramli, N. A., Talib@Khalid, K. A., & Ismail, H. (2021). Intersectionality: Implikasi Proses Sosialisasi Politik terhadap Budaya Politik Wanita Cina di Semenanjung Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(8), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i8.953
Ruzaini Zulkepli. (2021, May 21). Perubahan kerajaan Sabah, jajaran politik baharu hanya retorik. Astro Awani.
Saleh, Y., Boyman, S. N., Mahat, H., Hashim, M., Nayan, N., Norkhaidi, S. B., & Suhaili, S. (2020). Pola sokongan pengundi muda sebelum Pilihan Raya Umum ke 14 di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2020-1601-07
Salman, A., & Salleh, M. A. M. (2020). Examining relationship between political agenda on social media and political support among university students. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-17
Shamsul, A. (1988). The “Battle Royal” The UMNO Elections of 1987*. Southeast Asian Affairs , 170–188.
Stockwell, A. J. (1977). The Formation and First Years of the United Malays National Organization (U.M.N.O.), Modern Asian Studies, 11(4), 481–513.
Syed Annuar, S. N., & Perman, A. A. (2023). Pilihan Raya Umum Ke-15 di Sabah: Isu, Trend dan Cabaran. Malaysian Journal of History, Politics & Strategic Studies, 50(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/jebat.2023.5002.07
Tracy, S. J. (2012). Qualitative Research Methods Collecting Evidence, Crafting Analysis, Communicating Impact. Wiley-Blackwell.
Wan Rohila Ganti, W. A. G., & Ahmad Fauzi, A. H. (2020). Pathways of Becoming Political Party Activists: The Experience of Malay-Muslim Grassroots Party Activists. Intellectual Discourse, 28(1), 5–33. http://journals.iium.edu.my/intdiscourse/index.php/islam
Weiss, J. (2020). What Is Youth Political Participation? Literature Review on Youth Political Participation and Political Attitudes. In Frontiers in Political Science (Vol. 2). Frontiers Media S.A. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpos.2020.00001
Whiteley, P., Poletti, M., Webb, P., & Bale, T. (2019). Oh Jeremy Corbyn! Why did Labour Party membership soar after the 2015 general election? British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 21(1), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148118815408
Yin, R. k. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications Designs and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publication.
Zhai, Y. (2022). Quality of governance and political support in China, Japan, and South Korea. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 88(2), 411–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852320921473
Zulkifli, B. N., Khadijah Omar, S., Johari, N. F., Hassan, M. S., Mohammad Rosman, M. R., & Kelantan, C. (2021). Pengaruh Media Baru dan Penglibatan Politik Belia. 2(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.30880/ahcs.2021.02.02.007
Zulkipli, S., Endut, M. N. A.-A., & Nor, W. A. W. M. (2020). Factors of Political Participation among Wanita UMNO and Muslimat PAS. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i3/7067
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 AZWAN AHZRAN BIN PERMAN
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
