Federalisme dan Negara Bangsa: Memikirkan Pembudayaan Budaya Politik Federal dalam Pembinaan Kenegaraan Malaysia
Keywords:
Negara bangsa, federalisme multi etnik, budaya politik federalisme, perpaduan dalam kepelbagaian, MalaysiaAbstract
Malaysia dengan elemen masyarakat multi etniknya telah konsisten berusaha untuk membangunkan identiti negara bangsa sejak merdeka. Kecenderungan penggunaan pendekatan atas-bawah (top-down) pemerintah seperti pelaksanaan polisi, pelancaran slogan penyatuan, penubuhan institusi, amalan politik permuafakatan dan akomodasi etnik dalam membina kenegaraan Malaysia berhadapan dengan beberapa cabaran dan halangan seperti dalam isu pendidikan, kebudayaan dan bahasa. Justeru, artikel ini cuba menambah perbahasan negara bangsa di Malaysia, khususnya dalam mendepani cabaran tersebut dengan memfokuskan kepada pendekatan budaya politik federal yang lebih bersifat bawah-atas (bottom-up) dengan melibatkan partisipasi seluruh masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif, pengumpulan data sekunder dan kaedah analisis kandungan, artikel ini berhujah bahawa pengamalan dan pembudayaan budaya politik federal seperti federalisme sebagai perjanjian ikatan moral, federalisme sebagai solidariti sosial dan federalisme sebagai desentralisasi kuasa berupaya mendorong pembinaan kenegaraan Malaysia melalui kewujudan budaya berfikir federal, pengukuhan kerjasama antara kerajaan dan menguatnya nilai perpaduan dalam kepelbagaian. Di akhir analisis, artikel ini merumuskan bahawa pendekatan budaya politik federalisme berupaya melengkapi pendekatan top-down pemerintah agar sistem federal di Malaysia tidak hanya berorientasikan kepada elemen struktural dan institutional sahaja, malah juga kepada elemen kebudayaan dan normatif agar ia dapat diangkat sebagai sistem politik terbaik dalam membina identiti nasional ke arah pembentukan kenegaraan Malaysia.
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