The Application of Therapeutic Jurisprudence Theory for a Legislative Reform of Admission by Apologetic Discourse in Malaysia
Keywords:
Therapeutic, Jurisprudence, Apologetic Discourse, Admission, Legislative Reform, Professional Negligence, MisconductAbstract
While many other common law and Commonwealth jurisdictions have developed the legislative reform of admission by apologetic discourse, Malaysia is lagging. Under the existing legal regime in Malaysia, admission by apologetic discourse shall become an admission to negligence and misconduct in Malaysian courts. As a result, tortfeasors and wrongdoers including professional practitioners are known to avoid offering an apology, that further strained their relationship with clients. Hence, this paper aims to prove that the legislative reform of the law pertaining to admission by apologetic discourse is supported by the theory of therapeutic jurisprudence. The paper employs a thematic analysis of the therapeutic jurisprudence theory to explore the relationship between the therapeutic jurisprudence theory and legislative reform of admission by apologetic discourse in Malaysia. Based on the analysis, this paper finds that the therapeutic jurisprudence theory is able to absolve the adverse effects of professional negligence and misconduct. This paper concludes that the therapeutic jurisprudence theory serves as a supporting theory for the legislative reform of admission by apologetic discourse in Malaysia.
References
‘Ain Husna Mohd Arshad, R. C. S. Y., Najibah Mohd Zin, Najah Inani Abdul Jalil (2018). Revisiting the Administration of Family Justice in the Family Court in Malaysia. The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences.
Aaliyah Eaves-Leanos, E. J. D. (2012). Open Disclosure of Adverse Events: Transparency and Safety in Health Care. Surgical Clinics of North America, 92, 163-177.
Agapiou, A., & Cheung, S. O. (2017). Apologies, Apology Legislation and Civil Disputes: The Practical Implications of Apology Legislation for Dispute Resolution Practitioners and Their Clients. Arbitration, 83(2), 133-140.
Alfred Allan, J. d. M., Isolde M. Larkins, Laura Turnbull, Tracey Warwick, Lacey Willett & Maria M. Allan (2022). The Impact of Voluntariness of Apologies on Victims’ Responses In Restorative Justice: Findings of a Quantitative Study. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 29(4), 593-609.
Allan, A. (2007). Apology in Civil Law: A Psycho-Legal Perspective. Journal Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 14(1), 5.
Arizavi, S., & Choubsaz, Y. (2018). To Use or Not to Use the Shorter Forms: A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Apologetic Expressions “Sorry and I’m sorry” In American Spoken English Discourse. Corpus Pragmatics, 3, 21.
Backhouse, C. (2016). An Introduction to David Wexler, the Person Behind Therapeutic Jurisprudence. The International Journal of Therapeutic Jurisprudence, 1, 1-22.
Braithwaite, J. (2002). Restorative Justice and Therapeutic Jurisprudence. Criminal Law Bulletin, 38, 244.
Carol B Liebman, C. S. H. (2004). A Mediation Skills Model to Manage Disclosure of Errors and Adverse Events to Patients. Health Affairs, 23(4), 22-33.
Carroll, R. (2014). When Sorry is the Hardest Word to Say, How Might Apology Legislation Assist. Hong Kong L.J., 44, 491.
Carroll, R., To, C., & Unger, M. (2015). Apology Legislation and Its Implications for International Dispute Resolution. Disp. Resol. Int'l, 9, 115.
Chen Siyuan, J. F. (2021). Achieving Therapeutic Justice in Divorce Proceedings. Singapore Academy of Law, 31.
Conan, E. S. (2010). The Scarlet Q: Repercussions on Professional Reputation. GPSolo, 27(7), 50-54.
Corbett, V. J. (2014). Why It's Better to Be Sorry than Safe: The Case for Apology Protection Legislation. Dublin University Law Journal, 36, 127.
Cramer, K. M. (2013). Six Criteria of a Viable Theory: Putting Reversal Theory to the Test. Journal of Motivation, Emotion, and Personality, 1(1), 9.
Dauer, E. A. (2003). A Therapeutic Jurisprudence Perspective on Legal Responses to Medical Error. Journal of Legal Medicine, 24(1), 37-50.
Edward C. Tomlinson, B. R. D., Roy J. Lewicki. (2004). The Road to Reconciliation: Antecedents of Victim Willingness to Reconcile Following a Broken Promise. Journal of Management, 30(2), 165–187.
Finlay, A. J. F., Stewart, C. L., & Parker, M. (2013). Open Disclosure: Ethical, Professional and Legal Obligations, and the Way Forward for Regulation. Med J Aust, 198(8), 445. doi:10.5694/mja12.10734.
Freckelton, I. (2020). Vindication of Professional Reputation Arising from Defamatory Online Publications. Beijing Law Review, 11(1), 382-397.
Gerald B. Hickson, E. W. C., Penny B. Githens, Frank A. Sloan. (1992). Factors That Prompted Families to File Medical Malpractice Claims Following Perinatal Injuries. Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(10), 1359-1363.
Ginn, D., & Boyle, R. (2016). The Scope of Protection Provided by Apology Legislation in Canada with Emphasis on the Patient-Health Care Provider Relationship. Advoc. Q., 46, 285.
Hashim, H. N. M., Yusof, A. N. M., & Rahman, N. A. (2020). The Evidentiary Aspects of Medical Apology in Malaysia. JSIMLA, 12(1), 45.
Kassim, P. N. J., & Saleh, M. R. (2017). The Role of Apologies in Resolving Medical Disputes. Pertanika J. Soc. Sci. & Hum., 25(S), 1.
Kawalek, A. (2018). Therapeutic Jurisprudence: the Application to an England and Wales.
Khouri, N. (2014). Sorry Seems to Be the Hardest Word: The Case for Apology Legislation in New Zealand. New Zealand Law Review, 4, 603.
Latif, E. (2001). Apologetic Justice: Evaluating Apologies Tailored Toward Legal Solutions. B.U. L. Rev., 81, 289.
Lee, J. H., Zhou, Y., & Ashuri, B. (2020). Key Challenges to Design Professional Liability in the Design-Build Environment. J. Leg. Aff. Dispute Resolut. Eng. Constr., 12(3), 04520031-04520032.
Leung, G., & Porter, G. (2019). Safety of Candour: How Protected are Apologies in Open Disclosure? BMJ, 365. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l4047.
Lin, N. (2015). The Restorative Role of Apology in Resolving Medical Disputes: Lessons From Chinese Legal Culture. J Bioeth Inq, 12(4), 699.
Mastroianni, A. C., Mello, M. M., Sommer, S., Hardy, M., & Gallagher, T. H. (2010). The Flaws in State 'Apology' and 'Disclosure' Laws Dilute Their Intended Impact on Malpractice Suits. Health Aff (Millwood), 29(9), 1611. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0134.
McDonnell, W. M., & Guenther, E. (2008). Narrative Review: Do State Laws Make It Easier to Say "I'm Sorry?". Ann Intern Med, 149(11), 811. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-149-11-200812020-00007.
McMichael, B. J., Horn, R. L. V., & Viscusi, W. K. (2019). "Sorry” Is Never Enough: How State Apology Laws Fail to Reduce Medical Malpractice Liability Risk. Stanford Law Rev, 71(2), 341.
Michael E. McCullough, S. J. S., Susan Wade Brown, K. Chris Rachal, Everett L. Worthington, Terry L. Hight. (1998). Interpersonal Forgiving in Close Relationships: II. Theoretical Elaboration and Measurement, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586-1603.
Paulo Cézar Mariani, C. F. C., Rui Nunes. (2020). Classification of Plastic Surgery Malpractice Complaints Brought Before The São Paulo Medical Board That Were Treated as Professional-Misconduct Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study. Sao Paulo Medical Journal, 138(2), 140-145.
Peter Johnsen, E. R. (2016). Protecting, Restoring, Improving: Incorporating Therapeutic Jurisprudence and Restorative Justice Concepts into Civil Domestic Violence Cases University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 164(No 6), 1557-1586 .
Ritchie, J. H., & Davies, S. C. (1995). Professional Negligence: A Duty of Candid Disclosure? BMJ, 310, 888. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6984.888.
Robyn, C., & Vines, P. E. (2017). Special Issue on Apologies: Introduction. Oñati Socio-Legal Series, 7(3), 365.
Roter, D. (2006). The Patient-Physician Relationship and its Implications for Malpractice Litigation, Journal of Health Care Law and Policy, 9(2).
Runnels, M. B. (2009). Apologies All Around: Advocating Federal Protection for the Full Apology in Civil Cases. San Diego L. Rev., 46(1), 137.
Saitta, N., & Jr, S. D. H. (2012). Efficacy of a Physician's Words of Empathy: An Overview of State Apology Laws. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 112(5), 302.
Shuman, D. W. (2000). The Role of Apology in Tort Law. Judicature 180, 83(4), 180-189.
Studdert, D. M., & Richardson, M. W. (2010). Legal Aspects of Open Disclosure: A Review of Australian Law. Medicine and the Law, 193(5), 273.
Studwell, R. (2016). The Notion and Practice of Reputation and Professional Identity in Social Networking: From K-12 through Law School. Kansas Journal of Law & Public Policy, 25(2), 225-272.
Taft, L. (2013). When More Than Sorry Matters. Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal, 13(1), 181.
Truesdale, C. (2012). Apology Accepted: How the Apology Act Reveals the Law's Deference to the Power of Apologetic Discourse. Appeal: Rev. Current L. & L. Reform, 17, 83.
Vines, P. (2007). The Power of Apology: Mercy, Forgiveness or Corrective Justice in the Civil Liability Arena. Public Space: The Journal of Law and Social Justice, 1, 1-52.
Vines, P., & Carroll, R. (2018). The Apology Ordinance: Bold Steps into Some Uncharted Areas of Apology Protecting Legislation. Hong Kong L.J., 48, 925.
Wexler, D. B. (2014). Two Decades of Therapeutic Jurisprudence. Touro Law Review, 24.
Yamada, D. C. (2021). Therapeutic Jurisprudence: Foundations, Expansion, and Assessment. University of Miami Law Review, 75(3), 660-750.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nurul Shuhada Suhaimi, Haswira Nor Mohamad Hashim, Noraiza Abdul Rahman
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.